Multilateral trade liberalisation helps promote export product diversification: Trade tensions damage the prospects of the poorest economies

Using a large panel dataset over a 20‐year period, this article explores the effect of multilateral trade liberalisation on export product diversification. Empirical results show that multilateral trade liberalisation is positively associated with export product diversification. However, less‐developed economies experience a greater positive effect than relatively advanced economies. This analysis suggests that if trade tensions reduce cooperation on trade matters among World Trade Organization members, it may hinder export product diversification in developing countries, and the poorest countries might be the most adversely affected.     

进出口对经济增长贡献度的测算理论分析

利用GDP支出法测算进出口对经济增长贡献的方法存在局限性。本文从供给和需求角度出发,分析了进口、出口对经济增长产生影响的机理,进而提出了测算进口、出口对经济增长贡献度的基本方法。本文认为,进口、出口影响经济增长的作用机制不同,因而不能在同一计算公式中分解出既包含进口又包含出口对经济增长贡献的部分;测算进口、出口对经济增长的贡献,需要分别采用体现不同作用机理的计算公式。     

The relationship between trade,FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: An application of the autoregressive distributed lag model

The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness and economic growth in host countries remains one of the most important issues in the economic literature and met with renewed interest in recent years mainly for countries suffering from unemployment problems and lack of technological progress. This paper examines this issue for Tunisia by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period from 1970 to 2008. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long run when foreign direct investment is the dependent variable. The associated equilibrium correction is also significant, confirming the existence of a long-run relationship. The results also indicate that there is no significant Granger causality from FDI to economic growth, from economic growth to FDI, from trade to economic growth and from economic growth to trade in the short run. Even though there is a widespread belief that FDI can generate positive spillover externalities for the host country, our empirical results fail to confirm this belief for the case of Tunisia. They go against the generally accepted idea considering the positive impact of FDI on economic growth to be automatic. The results found for Tunisia can be generalized and compared to other developing countries which share a common experience in attracting FDI and trade liberalization.     

中国对外贸易、经济增长与环境污染的路径演化关系

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)理论,结合广义脉冲响应函数和方差分解法,采用1990-2008年我国相关数据,对三类环境污染物排放指标与人均GDP、商品进出口总额等之间的关系进行了实证分析,指出随着我国人均GDP和对外贸易的进一步增长,污染物排放量呈总体上升趋势,而对外贸易比人均GDP对环境的影响更为显著。     

Applicability of a spatial computable general equilibrium model to assess the short-term economic impact of natural disasters

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used to assess the economic impact of natural disasters, but the models have not been fully validated by applying them to real disasters. This study focuses on validating a model for use in a short-run case in which the functional recovery of infrastructure and businesses occurred on a time scale of a few months. A special attempt is made to determine the parameter values of elasticity of substitutions, which play an important role in the effect on supply chains. In this study, a spatial CGE model, in which Japan is divided into nine regions, is constructed and applied to the case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Through this application, the best estimates of the elasticity parameters generated relatively consistent estimates of production change compared with the observed change, both in severely affected regions and in other regions.     

1991～2006年物流业对吉林省经济增长作用的实证分析

文章应用计量经济学的分析方法,建立了吉林省经济增长和物流业相互关系的计量经济模型,分析了吉林省物流业与经济增长之间的数量关系,测定了物流业对吉林省经济发展的贡献,为确定物流业在吉林省经济发展的地位,为制订吉林省物流业的发展规划提供必要的决策依据。     

服务业对区域经济增长影响的实证检验——基于1990-2008年中国三大经济圈城市面板数据

随着城市服务经济的深化和城市化进程的加快,城市服务业的发展在区域经济增长中具有日益重要的地位。运用1990-2008年长三角、珠三角和环渤海三大经济圈主要城市的面板数据,实证检验了城市服务业对区域经济增长的影响。研究表明,城市服务业对区域经济增长有积极的促进作用;城市服务业集聚对城市服务业增长有积极作用,但由过度集聚而带来的负外部经济效应,对区域经济增长有抑制作用。