美国对乌兹别克斯坦财政援助情况

美国驻乌兹别克斯坦大使馆官员近日透露,在过去的10年中,美国政府在财政援助计划框架内向乌兹别克斯坦共提供了约5亿美元的援助。2002年,乌兹别克斯坦还从美国     

朝核危机新形势下的美国东北亚同盟体系

2016年1月6日,朝鲜进行了第四次核试验,宣称氢弹试验成功,2月7日,朝鲜发射“光明星四号”卫星,6月22日,朝鲜发射两枚“舞水端”导弹.朝鲜的一系列举动将朝鲜半岛的紧张局势推到新的高度,对此美韩日三国加紧强化美韩、美日同盟体系,加强军事合作以应对朝鲜的核威慑.朝核危机新形势下,美国东北亚同盟体系进行了调整和巩固,这不利于朝核危机的化解和半岛局势的稳定.     

下一个目标是谁?

在伊拉克硝烟尚未散去的情况下、美国人就急不可耐地把朝鲜核问题提交安理会讨论，企图以“伊拉克模式”打掉另一个“邪恶轴心”。朝鲜方面的适度妥协可能会为朝核危机的解决提供外交斡旋的机会。     

国际货币基金组织继续给塔提供援助

国际货币基金组织驻塔吉克斯坦代表处主任罗伯特.克里斯蒂安森向记者透露,2004年国际货币基金组织计划在“经济增长与消除贫困三年规划”的框架内给塔吉克斯坦提供2 100万美元的援助。他     

朝鲜为何由“刚”变“柔”

朝鲜外交近日迎来了一个让人眼花缭乱的高潮。朝美之间历史性的双边会谈率先打破了僵局,欧盟、韩国、国际原子能机构、澳大利亚、印尼等国家和组织的访朝团络绎不绝。在早春的朝鲜半岛,因朝鲜核危机带来的紧张气氛似乎正在悄然退去。这很容易让人联想到2000年的朝鲜,当时的朝鲜外交被称为冷战后朝鲜全方位外交的第一个春天,然而,这第一个春天最后却以一场危机收场。如今,美朝之间多年形成的坚冰是否真的正在融化?朝鲜这个已经封闭了半个多世纪的神秘国家是否真的已决心打开国门?朝鲜核危机将会以何种方式收场?这个春天的朝鲜留给了世界许多悬念。     

6000万美元捐助,沙特对中国何以如此慷慨

5月12日,四川汶川发生强烈地震后,国际社会纷纷伸出援手,支持中国抗震救灾。沙特阿拉伯(以下简称沙特)、英国、德国、波兰、美国、挪威、西班牙等国家以及联合国难民署等国际组织纷纷向中国提供了紧急援助。在这些捐赠中,要数沙特最为慷慨,共向中国提供了总计价值6000万美元的现金和物资援助。     

美今年将为哈军事训练提供100万美元资金援助

今年美国国防部计划为哈萨克斯坦军队军事教育和训练项目提供100万美元的资金援助,去年美国为这一目的提供的资金援助为58.3万美元。美国国防部称,增加对哈萨克斯坦军队的援助是为了加强两国间的双边军事合作。以往只有那些驻扎有美国军队的国家才能获得美国国防部这样数额的资金援助,因此,提供100万美元资金可谓是对哈萨克斯坦开了一个先例。     

联合国开发计划署助塔防治疟疾

联合国开发计划署2006年6月29日为塔吉克斯坦卫生部提供了一批价值20万美元的医疗用品及设备援助，其中包括药剂、办公设备、汽车等，这些援助物品是在实施全球防治艾滋病、结核病与疟疾基金会资助计划的框架内赠与的。     

2005年俄为塔提供600万美元教育援助

俄罗斯联邦设在塔吉克斯坦的“俄罗斯外国中心”的代表亚历山大·多罗季耶夫2005年 12月22日对记者说,为帮助塔吉克斯坦实施教育发展计划,2005年俄罗斯政府在援助独联体国家教育的专项计划框架内为其提供了600万美元的援助。俄罗斯-塔吉克斯坦斯拉夫大学的远程教     

南朝鲜的慢性通货膨胀及其后果——经验和教训

一、三十五年来的物价变动 (一) 战后初期(1948—1961年) 战后初期,南朝鲜面临的最迫切任务是平定粮价问题。1948年4月末的粮价是每斗米1,320元(南朝鲜元,下同),到同年8月末,米价暴涨到2,600元。此后粮价一直处于暴涨暴落状态。1948年美国向南朝鲜提供1.8亿美元和1949年1.2亿美元援助,为南朝鲜提供了控制通货膨胀所必需的物资,并为生产能力扩大和物价的全面稳定打下基础.1950年3月,当局提出实行“稳定经济15项原则”的控制通货膨胀措施,由于朝鲜战争爆发而告落空。     

How Does Nationalist China Fare in the Aftermath of its U. N. Defeat

This paper tries to measure the effectiveness of the Bush administration's hardline policy toward North Korea. The Bush security team is seen basically trying to discipline North Korea by employing more sticks and less carrots than its predecessor did. However, it is not quite clear whether a rather strong policy could promote efficiently both the national interest of the U.S. and the partisan interest of the Bush administration.     

Terrorism and crisis management: The Rangoon bombing incident of 1983

The Rangoon bombing incident represents one of the major crisis events for examination if one is to understand the process of crisis management of Chun Doo Hwan's government within the context of the ROK‐U.S. Combined Forces Command. Moreover, the Rangoon bombing was the first grave terrorist act on the international scene, and North Korea's involvement was not immediately revealed. This case clearly illustrated how South Korea's resolve in restraining punitive military action against North Korea could resolve a crisis without escalating it, and facilitate a favourable outcome. Indeed, in order to protect or to minimize the damage to its interests and without triggering an unwanted escalation of crisis, South Korea made vigorous efforts to pressure North Korea into softening its belligerent stance through the use of diplomatic sanctions.     

The complementarity between U.S. foreign direct investment stock and trade

Within a gravity model framework, this paper will establish that trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) are complementary, using trade and FDI stock data on a bilateral basis between the U.S. and 51 other countries over the period 1982 to 1994. U.S. outward FDI is found to have a larger predicted impact on U.S. exports than does inward FDI. On the other hand, inward FDI is found to have a larger predicted impact on U.S. imports than does U.S. outward FDI. These results are directly linked to patterns of intrafirm trade within the multinational enterprise (MNE), a result consistent with the transactions cost theory of MNEs. In addition, a sectoral analysis indicates that U.S. outward FDI in manufacturing has a large predicted impact on both exports and imports, whereas U.S. outward FDI in services has a large predicted impact on U.S. exports but little or no predicted impact on imports. Detailed comments and suggestions were provided by Joe Daniels, Albert Berry, and seminar participants at the University of Toronto, York University, Industry Canada, and the 1999 annual Canadian Economics Association meeting. Research assistance was provided by George Georgopoulos and Anthony Yao. The authors are responsible for any remaining errors.     

Do exchange rate changes have symmetric or asymmetric effects on the trade balance? Evidence from U.S.–Korea commodity trade

Previous studies of the effects of exchange rate changes on Korea’s trade balance have assumed symmetry between currency depreciation and appreciation. In this paper, we distinguish between the two to show that the effects at the industry level are in fact asymmetrical in most industries for Korea’s bilateral trade with the U.S. We employ an auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach using quarterly data for the period 1989–2014 for the 79 3-digit industries in which trade between Korea and the U.S. took place. Overall, our model incorporating differentiated responses for appreciation versus depreciation reveals a more significant impact of the exchange rate on commodity trade between Korea and the U.S. than a more standard model that imposes symmetry.     

On the vulnerability of the oil and gas industry to oil price changes

Previous studies of oil-price economic activity relationships are dominated by macro-level examination of price effects. This study examines the effect of shocks in oil price and its volatility on the oil and gas extraction industry using a Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) approach. The results show that, in the short-run, positive price and volatility shocks lead to significant increases in oil and gas activities. However, in the long-run, the industry behaves much like the rest of the U.S. economy—price and volatility shocks produce small or insignificant effects. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 22 ^nd Annual North American Conference of the U.S.A. Energy Economics/International Association of Energy Economics Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia. The authors acknowledge the editorial assistance of Versa Stickle.     

金融危机救助方案及其效果评价——基于美国新金融危机与大萧条历史比较的视角

本文从财政政策、货币政策和金融机构的救助及金融制度的改革等角度对美国大萧条和新金融危机时期政府的救助方案进行了系统评述。在此基础上,本文对两次金融危机期间美国政府各种救助方案的效果进行了比较分析和简要评价。     

略论冷战时期的美泰经济关系

冷战期间美国和泰国结为盟友,两国关系以安全和军事合作为主,美国向泰方提供了大量军事和经济援助。20世纪80年代以来两国关系的内容发生变化,经济合作与摩擦成为重要内容之一。     

OPEC's asset demand function—An empirical study

Conclusion This paper considered a simple and standard model of the demand for U.S. securities by one of its major purchasers, OPEC. By comparing the coefficients of the interest, exchange and inflation rate variables to that of the income variable, we found that both the income and the substitution effect play an important role in determining the Middle Eastern members' demand for United States securities. For the remaining members of OPEC, the income effect seems to play a far less important role. Since the Middle Eastern members are the prevalent force in OPEC, the results for all OPEC members more closely resemble this group than the non-Middle Eastern group. The adjusted coefficients of determination clearly indicate that the economic variables incorporated into our model are able to explain variations in the purchase of U.S. securities by the oil exporting countries quite well. However, we believe that a model incorporating the financial sectors of the U.S., OECD (without U.S.) and OPEC would be more complete. We are in the process of formulating such a model and we hope to report our results in due course. Given the policy importance of these questions, such a model has a good deal of merit. The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the U.S. Treasury Department in the gathering of data, and the Experimental Statistics Department of New Mexico State University for computer time required for this study. The first author was associated with the Treasury Department when this study was launched. The cutomary disclaimer applies.     

朝鲜推行经济改革的原因分析

冷战结束后,特别是金正日主政朝鲜后,朝鲜政府推行了一系列经济改革。但其改革的进程受内外影响所限并不连贯。特别是朝鲜的特殊处境,与其他国家相比,其经济改革受国内外的影响更大。近期,随着朝鲜外部环境的改善,朝鲜新一轮经济改革呼之欲出。此时,梳理、分析朝鲜经济改革的原因有助于更深入了解朝鲜的相关问题。     

东亚地区对华直接投资的贸易效应分析

东亚地区的外商直接投资,不仅在东亚地区形成了基于生产阶段分工的垂直型分工格局,也对亚洲地区的贸易流向和贸易结构产生了显著的影响。日本、韩国、台湾地区通过其对外直接投资一方面使这些国家或地区对美国、欧盟的贸易顺差减少;另一方面却使中国对美国和欧盟等的贸易顺差不断增加,由此产生了一种明显的贸易顺差转移效应。