关于我国货币理论的实证研究

本文通过建立向量自回归模型,采用协整研究、脉冲响应及格兰杰因果性检验等计量经济学方法,就国内生产总值、居民消费物价水平、名义利率和货币供给量之间的关系进行了实证检验。结果表明,在我国的经济条件下,上述因素之间并不存在长期稳定的均衡关系。通过差分变换,对M2增长率、GDP增长率、CPI及利率等变量进行实证研究,并得出它们之间的协整关系。     

我国货币供应量对产出、物价预测能力的实证研究

本研究在收集整理我国季度CPI和GDP数据的基础上，利用均衡修正模型对中国1986－2001年货币供应量变动与，物价相关性进行协整分析。有很强的经济证据表明，在整个样本期内，狭义货币m1与通货膨胀，经济增长之间不存在稳定的长期均衡关系。广义货币m2与通货膨胀，经济增长之间虽然存在稳定的长期均衡关系。但是，自1994年以来，短期内我国的货币供应量m2和真实经济变量通货膨胀，经济增长之间的相关性减弱，不存在统计意义上的格兰杰因果关系，而且这种关系也是不稳定的。本文的实证研究不支持货币供应量（无论是m1还是m2）作为我国货币政策中介目标。     

中国货币需求的协整分析和结构VECM估计

本文对Johansen协整分析在实际应用中的一些常见问题进行简要探讨,并在此基础上对中国的货币需求关系进行了深入研究。结果表明:真实货币余额、产出、通货膨胀率和利率之间存在两个长期均衡关系,即货币需求关系和菲利普斯曲线模型;结构向量误差修正模型(VECM)中调整系数反映了各变量对非均衡误差的直接动态反应,而产出和通货膨胀率以较快速度向后一均衡关系的调整说明中国的宏观经济政策在促进经济增长和控制通货膨胀两个方面都发挥了重要作用;两种均衡关系对通货膨胀都有明显的直接抑制效应,且前一均衡关系还会通过抑制货币需求来间接实现价格稳定。     

关于我国货币需求及其影响因素的经验分析

本文运用协整分析方法证明了我国货币需求与实际收入、储蓄存款利率、消费物价指数之间存在长期均衡关系,并得出体现这种长期均衡关系的协整回归方程。继而在协整关系基础上建立了描述我国货币需求短期动态变化的误差修正模型。结果显示,由于短期因素的扰动,实际收入对货币需求的影响减弱,储蓄存款利率对货币需求的影响存在时滞,消费物价指数对货币需求的影响异常增长。     

资产价格波动差异:由股市与房价观察

我国股票市场和住宅市场的市盈率与货币幻觉代理变量通货膨胀率、名义利率呈现明显的反向关系,即在高通胀时,市场被低估;在低通胀时,市场被高估。通货膨胀通过货币幻觉,影响资产估值高低。股市的市盈率波动幅度远大于住宅市场,股票价格波动主要来自估值倍数变化;而住宅的估值倍数波动小,房价波动更多地受到了估值倍数与租金变化的综合影响。     

人民币实际有效汇率若干影响因素的实证分析

本文采用协整研究和冲击分解的计量经济学方法,就货币供应量、实际利率和外汇储备对人民币实际有效汇率长期走势影响进行实证分析。检验结果表明,从长期看,上述因素与人民币实际有效汇率之间存在着稳定的均衡关系,且均对人民币实际有效汇率产生一定的影响。总体上看,货币供应量、实际利率和外汇储备对人民币实际有效汇率的影响并不是十分明显,要使人民币实际有效汇率真正反映我国的均衡汇率水平,需要从货币政策多方面的协调管理着手。     

日本货币政策效应的实证分析:1980.Ⅰ-2001.Ⅱ

本文用Granger因果关系检验法检验了日本1980.Ⅰ-1991.Ⅳ和1992.Ⅰ-2001.Ⅱ期间名义GDP与货币存量(M2 CD)之间的相互影响关系.实证结果表明相对于前一时期,1991年之后日本货币存量的变化在统计上已不能成为影响名义GDP变化的原因.通过对“泡沫经济“后日本经济运行机制进行分析,本文认为:金融结构的不稳定性导致货币乘数下降,预期通货紧缩导致在名义利率下降的同时实际利率却在上升,“流动性陷阱“的出现,金融自由化的完成,日元汇率政策,都是导致1991年后日本货币政策效应减弱的主要因素.     

中国金融市场联动分析:2000～2004

本文利用向量误差修正模型分析了2000至2004年中国货币市场利率(银行间拆借和回购市场)、国债市场收益率(银行间市场和交易所市场)、股票市场指数(上证 A 股市场)之间的长期均衡和短期互动关系。我们发现,货币市场与债券市场的内部都存在相当稳定的长期均衡和短期互动关系,银行间市场和交易所之间长期分割的现象已经基本得到解决,但是,货币市场与债券市场之间的均衡关系却比较脆弱。股票市场与其他市场不存在长期均衡关系,短期互动效应也比较弱。就市场参与者而言,这意味着当前尚没有充分的套利机制来规避系统性风险;就货币政策而言,意味着即使在以市场化的金融市场利率体系中,也没有稳定、有效的利率传导渠道。因此,在当前汇率制度已经开始改革的背景下,加快金融市场建设,尤其是加快远期利率市场的发展,显得极其迫切。     

中国的自然利率与经济增长、通货膨胀的关系

本文利用新凯恩斯动态模型对中国长、短期自然利率进行估计,并利用估计结果计算出实际利率缺口。通过对中国自然利率的研究发现,实际利率高于长期自然利率时,投资处于受抑制状态,阻碍经济增长;实际利率等于甚至低于长期自然利率时,对经济增长起促进作用。另外,实际利率缺口与 GDP 偏移率呈明显的负相关关系。实际利率缺口减小使得 GDP 偏移率增大,而GDP 偏移率的增大又引起通货膨胀率的上升,反之则相反。因此,为了在稳定通货膨胀的同时继续保持适度的经济增长速度,应采用稳健的财政政策和货币政策,缩小实际利率缺口。     

我国资本账户开放进程中的价格水平相关性分析:1990——2009

本文使用协整和误差修正分析技术,考察了1990-2009年间我国资本账户开放程度与价格水平之间的长期关系和动态关系。结果表明,代表存款利率的无抛补平价偏移量和代表贷款利率的无抛补平价偏移量与价格水平之间长期来看都存在稳定的关系。但是两种无抛补利率平价偏移量与价格水平之间存在着截然相反的关系。     

Divisia monetary aggregates and money demand for Malaysia

Divisia M1 and M2 are constructed for Malaysia. Unlike M1, Divisia M2 shows significant differences in both level and growth rates from its simple sum counterpart. We also compare these Divisia measures to simple sum M1 and M2 in a money demand function. Using error correction models, we examine short-run dynamics between these monetary aggregates and money demand determinants such as inflation, domestic and foreign interest rates, financial wealth, and income. We find that Divisia M2 is the most appropriate monetary aggregate of the four candidates to track money demand in Malaysia and should be used when conducting monetary policy.     

On the disappearing money-to-inflation connection

Recent failure to observe significant relationships between price-level changes and lagged money growth, when both are measured on a quarter-to-quarter basis, has been called the disappearing money-inflation phenomenon. By examining only short-run, dynamic adjustments, regression models of quarterly price-level changes may have a tendency to non-rejection of the null hypothesis of insignificant coefficients on past-lagged money. Using the techniques of unit root and cointegration testing, the evidence uncovered in this paper suggests that a longer-run link between inflation and money, variously defined, has not disappeared.     

A dynamic model of inflation of Kenya, 1974-96

This paper analyses the dynamics of inflation in Kenya between1974 and 1996, a period characterised by eternal shocks andinternal disequilibria. By developing a parsimonious and empiricallyconstant model, we find that the exchange rate, foreign pricesand terms of trade have long-run effects on inflation, whilemoney supply and interest rate only have short-run effects.Inertia is found to be important up until 1993, when about 40%of the current inflation was carried over to the next quarter.After 1993, inertia drops to about 10%. Moreover, inflationis also influenced by changes in maize-grain prices, indicatinga non-negligible role for agricultural supply constraints inthe inflation process.     

DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION IN GHANA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the factors accounting for inflation dynamics in Ghana using the bounds test and other econometric approaches. We find that real output, nominal exchange rate, broad money supply, nominal interest rate and fiscal deficit play a dominant role in the inflationary process in Ghana. To the extent that output growth by far has the strongest impact on inflation, targeting supply‐side constraints will help moderate price inflation. The paper concludes that inflation in Ghana is explained by a combination of structural and monetary factors consistent with prior studies.     

A nonlinear ARDL model of inflation dynamics in the Philippine economy

This study investigated whether global oil price changes, exchange rate, interest rate, and economic output exert symmetric or asymmetric pass-through effects on inflation in the Philippines. A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model was fitted to the observable data using quarterly observations from 1998 to 2019. Knowledge of these relationships is important in monetary policy setting in achieving targeted inflation; the Philippines adopted inflation targeting in 2002. The finding shows that world oil price shocks are still prominent and the most important determinants of inflation variations in the country. There is prima facie evidence on the short-run asymmetry of oil price changes to inflation. Exchange rate pass-through to inflation was very minimal in the short-run, and there is no long-run effect. Evidence that interest rate and demand shocks have a long-run asymmetric effect on inflation was found. These findings imply that monetary policy setting should account for the asymmetric effects of inflation determinants. Study results provide a deeper understanding of how positive and negative changes of inflation determinants affect actual inflation, which aids policymakers in achieving targeted inflation.     

开放经济条件下我国货币需求研究

文章引入股票流通市值、汇率等变量对开放经济条件下我国货币需求函数进行全面研究。协整和误差修正模型结果表明：汇率是除社会消费品零售总额外影响我国长短期货币需求稳定的最重要的变量,并且对我国货币需求的影响很大;股票市场发展对我国长期和短期货币需求的影响很小。这一发现可为我国当前反通货膨胀的货币政策的制订提供重要的参考。为控制货币供应量,我们应该重点关注汇率波动。     

Does Money Have a Role in Monetary Policy for Price Stability under Inflation Targeting in Thailand?

This paper deploys Thai quarterly data for the study period 1999q1–2014q4 to econometrically investigate the proposition that money growth is an important, if not the sole, determinant of inflation under inflation targeting and that the money growth-inflation relation is not conditional on the stability of the money-demand function. The autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) bounds-testing results suggest that, across the study period, the Thai money stock (narrow or broad), real output, prices, interest rates and exchange rates maintained a long-run equilibrium relationship. The associated error-correction model of inflation confirms the cointegral relationship among money (narrow or broad), real output, prices, interest rates and exchange rates. It also suggests that money growth has a significant distributed-lag impact on inflation. The presence of this money growth-inflation relationship was associated with a stable narrow money-demand function, whereas the broad money-demand function remained unstable. These results for the study period are consistent with the view that the causal relationship between money growth and inflation holds in Thailand under inflation targeting when the Bank of Thailand deploys a short-term policy interest rate, rather than a monetary aggregate, as the instrument of monetary policy and that this relationship is not conditional on the stability of the money-demand function.     

Has Greater Competition Restrained U.S. Inflation?

This paper shows how increased goods market competition affects the behavior of inflation in a multisector economy. By raising the price elasticity of demand, increased goods market competition theoretically lowers inflation and makes the aggregate price level less sensitive to aggregate demand shocks. We find that proxies for the aggregate degree of goods market competition are statistically and economically significant in short-run Phillips curve models of core inflation. Evidence indicates that heightened goods market competition has flattened the slope of the short-run, expectations-augmented Phillips curve and slightly lowered the nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU).     

Evidence on the Effects of Money Growth on Inflation with Regime Switching

Since the latter half of 2010, a new round of inflation has gradually been manifesting in China. The debate regarding whether excess money supply is responsible for this inflation has attracted scholars to investigate the effects of money growth on inflation. In this paper, we use correlation analysis to confirm the comovement between growth of monetary aggregates and inflation. We explore the asymmetric effects of monetary policy on inflation using the Markov regime‐switching model. The empirical results show that monetary policy can be more effective in curbing inflation in a high inflation state than in boosting the price level in a low inflation state. However, simply tightening the money supply might not be sufficient to suppress the price level. To this end, the Chinese Government should adopt other policies, such as supply stabilization policies, to help suppress the price level. Our study can help policy‐makers to determine the actual economic state and provides some policy implications for the current inflation.