随机现金流模型在国库期初最佳库存预测中的应用分析

近年来,我国国库现金管理工作稳步推进,但从工作实践看,中央国库现金管理的操作规模并不大1,国库库存始终较高,地方国库现金管理只有北京2等6省市纳入试点。虽然全面放开地方试点、大幅扩大操作规模还面临政策上的争议或矛盾,但技术上的困难也是不容忽视的问题,比如在确保未来支付需要的前提下如何根据现金流量来准确确定国库期初最佳库存。在分析国库支付需要及现金流基本特征的基础上,借鉴企业随机现金流模型来预测国库期初最佳库存。     

关于国库现金流量预测工作方法改进的探讨

目前,我国的国库现金管理工作已在省级国库层面全面开展,但作为其基础的国库现金流预测工作的水平却相对滞后。本文从历史原因和改进难点这两方面分析了国库现金流预测工作存在的问题,并以未来国库现金管理工作的需求和发展方向为出发点,提出不同情况下改进国库现金流预测工作的整体设想,同时对国库现金流预测的模型运用、误差评价机制等方面提出了合理化意见和政策建议。     

地方国库现金管理的现状与对策

近年来,我国多数省级财政部门加大了地方政府国库现金管理改革的力度,其中部分省份已通过设立专项财政资金积极探索结余现金的管理,并建立政府现金流收入和支出的省级数据库,开展对政府现金流的初步预测和分析工作。一、地方国库现金管理的现实意义(一)国库单一账户改革实现了财政资金的集中管理,国库库存逐年攀升。国库库存余额的集中化管理是开展国库现金管理的前提和基础,而在国库单一账户下实现现金余额的集中化,可以认为是一种现金管理的最优选择。益阳市财政     

我国地方国库现金管理的风险及对策

2012年3月,国务院办公厅下发了《国务院办公厅转发财政部关于进一步加强财政专户管理意见的通知》,提出＂在省级财政适时开展地方国库现金管理试点＂的要求,为各地稳妥、规范推进地方国库现金管理试点提供了政策支撑,地方政府和相关部门开展地方国库现金管理的现实需求日趋强烈。但是,当前我国地方国库现金管理起步较晚,法规制度尚不完善、操作管理有待规范、预测机制仍处于理论研究阶段,地方国库现金管理面临着诸多的问题和风险。本文结合各地地方国库现金管理实践,分析了制度风险、操作风险、道德风险和系统性风险,并试图从完善制度体系、健全操作模式、严格市场准入、规范货币市场四个方面提出切实可行的风险防范措施,为地方国库现金管理的开展提供可借鉴依据。     

国库库存余额波动与货币政策协调探讨

近年来,随着社会经济总量的增加以及国库单一账户体系的建立,我国国库库存余额呈现上升趋势,而且库存季节性波动明显。本文通过分析国库库存余额的变动与货币供应量、货币乘数的关系以及对货币政策的实施效果产生的影响,提出了增强国库现金流预测,逐步建立现金流逐日预测机制;增加国库现金管理规模,达到平抑库存的作用,减少库存波动对货币政策的干扰;加强地方国库现金管理与货币政策的被动协调等建议。     

地方国库现金管理路径的探讨

近年来,我国经济高速发展,地方财政收支规模不断扩大,由于国库收入和支出的现金流存在时间差,地方国库现金余额持续增高。随着地方政府“效率财政”理念的不断强化,在中央国库现金管理不断深化完善的情况下,如何开展地方国库现金管理,已成为当前中央与地方政府普遍关注的一个重大课题。     

基于Baumol扩展模型的地方国库现金管理路径研究--以甘肃省白银市为例

文章介绍了我国地方国库现金管理发展现状,从国库库存余额规模逐年增长、国库收支时间上的不同步性、地方国库开展现金管理的理论支撑分析了地方国库开展现金管理的可行性,提出了针对地方国库开展现金管理的建议,包括优化地方现金管理的投资工具、提高财政预算执行质量、提高国库管理信息化水平、实现地方国库现金管理的宏观政策协调。     

对焦作市国库库存的波动性研究——基于度量波动性的GARCH模型

地方国库库存的波动为开展国库库存预测和实施现金管理提供了条件和操作空间.利用GARCH模型对焦作市国库库存波动性研究的实证结果表明,国库库存波动具有集群性和非对称性.这就要求地方财政部门加强财政预算的科学编制和执行,努力实现财政收支的均衡,从而减小国库库存的波动,为开展地方国库现金管理创造更好的条件.     

地方国库现金管理的动因分析与政策建议

<正>近年来,伴随着我国经济的高速发展和国库集中收付制度改革的不断深化,地方国库现金余额持续增高,迫切要求开展地方国库现金管理。国库现金管理指的是在确保国库现金正常支出的情况下,按照安全性、流动性和收益性三大原则,通过商业银行定期存款或国债回购等方式运作国库现金,实现国库闲置现金余额最小化和投资收益最大化的管理活动。国库现金管理对于提高财政资金运转效益,减少国库现金流波动对货币政策的影响具有十分重要的意义。2006年开展中央国库现金管理后,关于开展地方国库现金管理的探讨,已     

"十三五"时期基层国库现金管理路径探析——以云南省罗平县为例

近年来随着国库集中收付管理制度改革不断推进促进了国库现金管理试点工作的开启,国库现金管理能力显著增强.但试点覆盖面窄、基层国库库存现金用效率低的问题仍然存在.如何在风险可控的范围内将基层国库资金纳入规范的现金管理操作平台,从保值到增值过渡成为"十三五"时期的当务之急.本文以罗平县为例,利用tmis国库管理信息系统整合了2006年到2016年的国库数据,分析了最优库存余额,预测了现金流变动,最后对基层国库现金管理提出了意见.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.