公司治理质量、债务期限与投资效率——来自中国上市公司的证据

信息不对称和代理问题是引起公司非效率性投资的主要扭曲因素。基于我国经济转型的治理环境，文章以我国A股上市公司的2012～2014年数据为样本，探讨了公司治理质量、债务期限对公司投资效率的监督机制。研究发现，公司治理质量、短期债务有效改善相关方信息不对称和代理问题，从而提高投资效率，进一步地，公司治理和债务期限对公司投资效率的监督在一定程度上是一种替代机制，在公司治理质量高的公司里，短期债务对投资效率的作用减弱。     

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ANTITAKEOVER PROVISIONS

This paper advances understanding of corporate governance relationships with a longitudinal study of multiple antitakeover options. Prior analyses have been primarily cross-sectional, focused exclusively on a single provision ignoring provisions which require subsequent stockholder approval. The current study uses agency theory, and broadens this perspective by examining the differential impact of institutional investors stockholding, managerial stock ownership, and corporate board characteristics on the rate of adoption of six provisions, including provisions which do and do not require stockholder approval. Results of hazard analyses of the rate of amendment adoption of 185 firms between 1984 and 1988 indicate that the impact of governance variables on antitakeover provisions differ depending on whether these actions require stockholder approval or not. The pattern of differences indicates that institutional investors use their voting power when they are given an opportunity to vote and that substitution between direct shareholder control and managerial stock ownership exists.     

Testing alternative theories of the firm: transaction cost,knowledge-based,and measurement explanations for make-or-buy decisions in information services

Firms boundary choices have undergone careful examination in recent years, particularly in information services. While transaction cost economics provides a widely tested explanation for boundary choice, more recent theoretical work advances competing knowledge-based and measurement cost explanations. Similar to transaction cost economics, these theories examine the impact of exchange attributes on the performance of markets and hierarchies as institutions of governance. These theories, however, offer alternative attributes to those suggested by transaction cost economics or offer alternative mechanisms through which similar attributes influence make–buy choices. Traditional empirical specifications of make–buy models are unable to comparatively test among these alternative theories. By developing and testing a model of comparative institutional performance rather than institutional choice, we examine the degree of support for these competing explanations of boundary choice. Hypotheses are tested using data on the governance of nine information services at 152 companies. Our results suggest that a theory of the firm and a theory of boundary choice is likely to be complex, requiring integration of transaction cost, knowledge-based, and measurement reasoning. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

股权分置改革与上市公司治理的实证研究

股权分置改革是中国资本市场的根本性变革,大量的研究分析都一致肯定了其正面作用。那么,股权分置改革是否提高了上市公司治理水平?本文采用主成分分析法构建了包括控股股东、董事会、经理层、信息披露四个维度的公司治理指数(CGI),并研究了股权分置改革对公司治理指数的影响。实证研究发现:①股权分置改革能够显著提高上市公司的公司治理水平;②在公司治理的四个维度中,股权分置改革对控股股东的影响最显著;③终极产权为国有和股权集中的公司,其改善公司治理的动机更强,公司治理水平得到更大的改善;④考虑股权分置改革进度的影响,进一步控制样本的自选择问题后,本文发现股权分置改革的效应正逐步体现出来,已实施股权分置改革的公司比尚未实施股权分置改革的公司在公司治理水平上有更大的提高。     

公司治理对医药企业创新价值创造率的影响机制与实证研究

通过中国上市医药企业 2012~2015 年间的数据,探索公司治理对医药上市企业创新价值创造率的影响机制,将公司治理划分为控制权分配、科学决策和激励约束三大方面,利用 SFA 测算和非效率项的影响分析,发现公司治理对创新价值创造率的影响集中体现在当期,两职合一、精简高效的董事会规模和高管激励表现出了积极的正向促进作用,表明我国医药企业想要提高创新价值创造率可在公司治理结构调整方面付出努力。     

企业理论的社会资本逻辑

本文在回顾以知识为基础的企业理论的基础上，提出了社会资本不仅是企业战略资源，也是企业的一种有效的治理机制。企业交易复杂性程度越高，社会资本治理存在的价值就越大。按照社会资本治理的逻辑，企业比市场更能有效地创造社会资本，更能充分有效地利用社会资本的价值；与之相适应，本文分析了企业制度安排从资本为基础转向以社会资本为基础的可能性与现实性。     

公司治理评价、治理指数与公司业绩--来自2003年中国上市公司的证据

本文基于2003年的评价样本，从中国上市公司治理指数（CCGI^NK）及其所涉及的六个维度进行实证研究发现：上市公司治理指数对总资产收益率、每股净资产、加权每股收益、每股经营性现金流量、总资产周转率、总资产年度增长率、财务预警值均有显著的正面影响．这表明拥有良好的公司治理机制有助于提升企业的盈利能力、股本扩张能力、运营效率、成长能力，有助于增强财务弹性和财务安全性。公司治理中所涉及的控股股东治理、董事会治理、经理层治理、信息披露、利益相关者治理、监事会治理机制，在很大程度上决定了上市公司是否能够拥有一套科学的决策制定机制与决策执行机制。而这将对公司业绩和公司价值产生直接而深远的影响。     

国企改制：基于治理与管理内涵职能的深化分析

公司治理是公司“依法管理”的重要体现。它为维护所有者权益和公司各利益主体间的权益制衡从而规范化行使其权能，为公司外向型决策机制的形成和市场化战略营运发展亦即企业家的选拔造就提供了必要的体制保障。作为公司治理战略意向实现方式的公司管理。在实际上成为企业家才能或企业家精神导向下的管理创新过程中。反过来又有力推动公司治理和战略构想的创新发展。从公司治理与公司管理内涵职能深化分析的视角，考察我国国企改制现实，可看到当前国资管理中“国资委模式”，存在诸多应予以关注的问题。     

中国上市公司经理层治理评价与实证研究

本文在对国内外经理层治理评价研究进行述评的基础上,构建了中国公司经理层治理评价系统,并对中国上市公司经理层的治理状况进行了指数化评价。评价结果显示,经理层治理状况总体偏低,且行业间和各主、子因素指数间的得分有较大差异。通过对经理层治理评价指数与公司绩效关系的实证分析发现,经理层治理水平的提高,有利于改善企业的绩效。最后,我们提出了完善中国上市公司经理层治理的一些建议。     

公司治理与企业价值的实证研究

为探索公司治理与企业价值的相关关系,文章构建了中国上市公司治理指数(CGI),包括了上市公司受到外部机构的审核意见、股权结构、董事会治理机制、经理人员激励四个主要方面。通过运用实际数据进行实证研究,发现我国上市公司的治理水平确实对企业价值有高度显著的正向促进作用,并随着改革的深入和证券市场的规范化,呈现出逐年强化的趋势。     

Corporate governance and Asian companies

While prominent differences in corporate governance exist across the Asia Pacific region, there are common concerns about controlling shareholders expropriating wealth from minority shareholders at the expense of overall wealth creation, as well as about the roles and qualifications of managers in Asian companies. The contributors to this Special Issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Management address these concerns and provide new evidence on their empirical relevance, as well as the factors conditioning that relevance. They also provide cautionary insight into the merits of specific proposals to reform Asian corporate governance. An important theme emerging from this Special Issue is that one needs to understand the institutional framework in which organizations operate in order to understand the rationale for and consequences of specific corporate governance models, as well as the likelihood that specific governance reforms will be adopted and prove effective. In this context, informal institutions are often more important than formal institutions. In addition to advancing our understanding and appreciation of the linkages between formal and informal institutions, corporate behavior, and performance, as well as the prospects for corporate governance reform, the papers in this Special Issue also suggest challenging and potentially fruitful areas for future research.     

Environment, governance, controls, and radical innovation during institutional transitions

Researchers pay only limited attention to the problem of drive force of radical innovation in institutional transitions, especially in China. Drawing on both institutional theory, managerial control theory, and innovation theory, this study examines the roles of external and internal drivers to firms?? radical innovation. Specifically, we examine the effects of external institutional environment and internal corporate governance on radical innovation by introducing management control systems. Based on data from a sample of 585 firms in China, this study finds that the effect of institutional environment uncertainty on radical innovation is significant but formal corporate governance is not. These results suggest that firms facing an uncertain institutional environment emphasize both financial control and strategic control, and firms that have adopted formal corporate governance prefer strategic control to financial control. The implications of these findings for research during institutional transitions are discussed.     

中国新型公司治理结构模式及其绩效评价--以中国水电集团为例的研究

公司治理结构理论必须对企业组织结构和管理系统及其规制进行研究,这是公司治理结构理论研究和国有企业改革不能回避的重要问题。目前,在国有大型企业改制中自发形成的新的公司治理结构存在着因产权一元结构而控制权相对分散形成的所有者权益不到位、控制不力和管理系统不匹配等诸多问题。本文总结了20多年来我国国有大型企业改制的经验和问题,在此基础上提出了“中国模式”的混合公司治理结构的新理论,并对混合公司治理结构在资源配置与绩效的产生及评价方面进行了数理模型分析,以期对国有大型企业深入改革的实践提供理论支持和制度规范,使之走出制度障碍,在相互支撑的基础上实现制度创新和管理创新,提升整体经营绩效。     

Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions

Do outside directors on corporate boards make a difference in firm performance during institutional transitions? What leads to the practice of appointing outside directors in the absence of legal mandate? This article addresses these two important questions by drawing not only on agency theory, but also resource dependence and institutional theories. Taking advantage of China's institutional transitions, our findings, based on an archival database covering 405 publicly listed firms and 1211 company–years, suggest that outsider directors do make a difference in firm performance, if such performance is measured by sales growth, and that they have little impact on financial performance such as return on equity (ROE). The results also document a bandwagon effect behind the diffusion of the practice of appointing outsiders to corporate boards. The article not only highlights the need to incorporate multiple theories beyond agency theory in corporate governance research, but also generates policy implications in light of the recent trend toward having more outside directors on corporate boards in emerging economies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alternative Corporate Governance Systems in Japanese Firms: Implications for a Shift to Stockholder-Centered Corporate Governance

In Asia, the recent catastrophic decline in regional stock markets, continuing currency crisis and failures of major financial institutions and industrial corporations have increased domestic and international interest in corporate governance. Nowhere is this greater than in Japan where financial institution reform has catapulted this to the fore. In this paper, we use agency theory and institutional theory, together with comparative case examples, to derive some propositions on the dynamics of changing corporate governance systems in Japanese firms. We argue for the co-existence of stakeholder and shareholder-centered corporate governance systems in Japan. This argument has an important implication for corporate governance research and agency theory. Namely, changes in ownership structure and institutional expectations would force firms to focus on maximizing shareholder value even where the interests of stakeholders are more emphasized. It suggests an environmental selection mechanism to ensure the emergence of appropriate corporate governance mechanisms to solve the agency problem. Further, the loss of competitiveness and the prolonged poor performance of firms can change the institutional norms to emphasize asset efficiency and transparency rather than stability and business ties.     

燃气行业国家控制型公司治理模式分析

对燃气行业中的国有独资及国有控股两种国家控制型公司治理模式进行了问题分析和对策研究,认为中国燃气行业应从从政企分离,董事会、监事会、经理层等方面进行公司治理模式改革。     

团队氛围、董事会内部沟通与战略绩效

本文在理论分析的基础上提出研究假设,通过问卷调查的方式搜集数据,以47家企业董事会454份有效问卷为样本进行实证研究,结果表明,团队氛围中的团队信任对董事会内部沟通具有显著的正向影响;团队氛围中的情感冲突对董事会内部沟通具有显著的负向影响;董事会内部沟通对企业战略绩效中的团队学习力、决策有效性和战略一致性均具有显著的正向影响。研究不仅丰富了董事会团队过程理论,而且能够有效地指导公司治理实践。     

外部治理环境与公司内部治理结构效应比较

本文以深沪两市1039家上市公司2001—2005年的严格平衡面板数据作为样本.实证分析了外部治理环境的不同程度和公司内部治理结构的不同安排对公司价值的影响效应,并分行业细分了这种影响效应的差异。实证回归的结果发现。在外部治理环境当中只有法治化水平对总体样本的上市公司价值有显著的影响作用.而在公司内部治理结构当中则证实了正U型的股权结构效应。此外.外部治理环境与公司内部治理结构对公司价值的影响效应会因行业而有所差异。然而。从整体上看.前者的效应都明显地小于后者。研究结果表明。对于中国特殊的证券市场环境而言。同样存在着公司内部治理结构的合理安排可以作为公司价值保护机制的可能性。