开放存取期刊质量评价方法与相关问题思考

近年来开放存取出版模式因其信息传播的即时性与学术资源的开放性得到了业界广泛关注,其质量评价也成为本领域研究热点.在此背景下,对开放存取期刊质量的同行审议评价法、引文分析评价法和网络计量评价法的利弊作了阐述,提出加强和改进评价工作的对策.     

高校图书馆在开放存取模式影响下的对策

开放存取是一种新的学术交流出版模式,对高校图书馆的职责定位、馆藏政策、服务方式以及图书馆工作人员的素质等方面都具有影响.高校图书馆应积极采取应对措施,多方了解开放存取,深入研究开放存取,稳妥实践开放存取,努力推动开放存取,积极整合开放资源与馆藏资源,提高工作人员素质,变革服务方式、服务手段.     

我国机构库建设面临的几大难题及对策

开放存取成为趋势,国外机构库发展迅速,我国发展缓慢。文章从开放存取、知识产权、资源收集等方面剖析我国机构库建设面临的困难,并给出对策。此外,分析了在新条件下,图书馆所面临的机遇和挑战。     

构建电大远程开放教育有效的评价体系

电大远程开放教育所面临的基本矛盾是开放性与质量控制的矛盾,构建电大远程教育有效的评价体系具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在总结远程开放教育质量体系的特点的基础上,从评价的准备、评价的内容和评价的指标体系设计三方面构建了电大远程教育有效的评价体系。     

小区开放对道路通行的影响研究

本文以层次分析法及熵值法为理论基础,综合运用建立基于熵值法的层次分析模型.首先从控制系统、道路系统、交通条件三个子系统构建了道路通行能力的指标评价体系,运用熵值法及层次分析法确定各指标权重,最终确定小区开放前后的综合评价值.通过在数据的合适范围内假设指标数据进行算例分析,最终解出小区开放前后的综合评价值.研究表明小区开放具有一定的合理性及可行性.选取的8个指标均以一定程度影响小区周边道路通行能力,并给出建议.     

开放大学教学质量监控体系构建分析

在借鉴英、美、日等国家开放大学和高等教育机构质量监控体系的基础上,提出建立以组织保障系统、质量标准评价系统及教学质量评估反馈系统等六大子系统为核心的开放大学教学质量监控体系,旨在整合现有监控评估体系的资源,提升开放大学远程服务质量和服务能力。     

盈余质量在经验研究中的度量方法

盈余质量的评价由单一方面的衡量发展到综合衡量,如何在经验研究中选定恰当的盈余质量度量方法,对于研究结果的有用性起着重要的作用.本文将经验研究中所采用的盈余质量度量方法归纳为市场评价法、应计项目评价法、线下项目评价法、综合度量方法等四类方法.对各类方法进行了分析和评价,以期对进行盈余质量相关的经验研究有所启示.     

江苏沿海经济开放发展水平评价及研究

随着国家沿海开发战略的实施,沿海地区经济的发展水平备受关注。本文为了研究江苏省沿海经济的开放发展,利用层次分析法和改进效用系数法,基于2008-2017年沿海地区经济发展数据,建立起一套江苏沿海经济开放发展的指标评价体系。首先将目标层分成对内开放、对外开放、开放环境3大类,13个具体指标,然后采用组合评价法对江苏省沿海地区的经济发展水平分别进行横纵向比较,得出江苏沿海经济开放发展综合得分与年份并不成正相关,但总体是稳步向前发展的结论。最后结合指标以及研究结果,对沿海经济开放发展水平进行新的评价并提出发展建议,以此促进江苏沿海经济均衡高质量发展。     

开放科学的内涵、特质及发展模式

随着科学范式内外逻辑的生态演化,开放科学范式兴起,世界科学域进入开放科学时代。开放科学内涵包括公众化、民主权、方法论、技术源、评价法5个向度。在开放科学范式下,科学研究表现出全方位高度开放性、参与主体多元全纳性、科研过程高度透明性等时代特质。从目前国际社会开放科学发展模式看,开放科学大致可分为慈善性模式、扩胀型模式和建构主义型模式。     

LSP理念的图书馆管理系统

Google、Baidu等IT公司对图书馆传统业务的渗透，出现新的知识服务模式；以BLOG、WIKI、CSS为核心的WEB2．0出现，产生新的信息交流平台；OpenAccess（开放存取）的方式，使得学术交流和知识交流模式发生变化。随着技术进步和环境的变化，社会和读者提出了许多新的需求。新一代的图书馆管理系统呼之欲出。     

Open access harvesting of the Northeast Atlantic minke whale

The purpose of this paper is to analyze open access exploitation of the Northeast Atlantic minke whale. In particular the question whether open access could lead to stock extinction is addressed. A bioeconomic model of the open access fishery is developed and estimated for data from Norwegian whaling. Numerical analysis shows that open access was not likely to have lead to stock extinction for the minke whale.     

Pricing and Access under National Competition Policy: The Case of the Natural Gas Pipeline Sector

This paper reviews the development of open access and deregulation of trunk pipeline natural gas transportation in Australia and the United States. It investigates Australian policy developments in the setting of reference tariffs for firm service, but argues that the institutional arrangements for granting third party access, and the pricing of that access on a spot or interruptible basis, are at least as important as tariffs for firm service. The paper concludes that, in the absence of an established pipeline network, pipelines may have little incentive to price their excess capacity efficiently. In this case, attempts to promote an efficient allocative outcome through privatisation and open access in Australia are unlikely to be as successful as they have been in North America.     

University patents,R&D competition,and social welfare

Although university patenting has increased dramatically over the past three decades, debates persist regarding the broad economic implications of the phenomenon. This article examines the social welfare implications of university patenting in a model of R&D competition in which firms develop innovations on the basis of the disclosure of a university invention. When such disclosure does not preempt the patenting of downstream innovations, university patenting enhances social welfare only if a regime of open access to university inventions is characterized by excessive aggregate R&D from the viewpoint of social welfare. When the university invention disclosure preempts patenting on firms’ innovations, the nature of the open access equilibrium in the R&D market depends on the threat of imitation ex post. Only when the threat of imitation is sufficiently strong firms will not invest in downstream R&D in the open access regime. In this case, university patenting promotes R&D investment and increases social welfare.     

Groundwater management under heterogeneous land tenure arrangements

We develop a groundwater extraction model that considers the Marshallian inefficiency associated with sharecropping and use data from Pakistan to simulate the impact of an open access regime and of optimal management on groundwater extractions, the state of the aquifer, and annual net benefits through time. We also evaluate a price instrument as a mechanism of inducing optimal extractions. Under both open access and optimal management, we observe notable differences in groundwater extractions and the water table level between the tenure model (which considers the behavior of both owner cultivators and sharecroppers) and the baseline model (which includes the behavior of only owner cultivators). We also find a modest difference in the aggregate net benefits generated by the two models. The results offer new insights—vis-à-vis land tenure heterogeneity—into the evaluation of more effective policies for groundwater management and aquifer sustainability.     

欧盟促进科学资源开放共享的政策措施

欧盟极为重视科学资源的开放共享,积极制定科学信息开放获取政策,采取了一系列行动措施,把推动科学信息的快速传播作为建设欧洲研究区、加速创新的关键手段之一。2007年,欧盟出台了"数字化时代科学信息的开放、传播和保存"建议,积极推动科学信息的开放、扩散和保存,提高欧洲知识竞争力'让科研成果尽快惠及欧盟经济和社会。2012年,欧盟再次提出"更好地获取科学信息,促进公共研发投入产生更好的效益"建议,进一步采取措施,加大力度推动公共资金资助的科研成果广泛传播和有效利用。通过对欧盟科学资源开放共享政策和措施进行分析研究,希望为我国相关机构和科技人员借鉴欧盟科学资源开放共享的理念和经验、探索适合我国国情的科技信息系统提供参考。     

Politically Motivated Fiscal Deficits: Policy Issues in Closed and Open Economies

In this paper we reconsider the trade-off between rules and discretion in fiscal policy in the presence of politically motivated fiscal deficits. We present a model of political bias in the budget process appropriately developed to allow for tax-smoothing-motivated deficits as well as for the consideration of deficit biases in open economies. We find that endowing politically-biased governments with the ability to respond to economic shocks with deficit finance will not exacerbate the existing biases. In an open economy, the ability to borrow abroad will significantly increase the deficit. However, restrictions to public foreign borrowing will not reduce the political bias as long as the private sector has access to international capital markets at the same terms as the government.     

General Equilibrium Tragedy of the Commons

Many poor economies depend on open access resources for their livelihoods. Households in resource-based economies allocate their time and other factors between resource extraction and other activities. As a result, factors may shift from one sector to another as marginal returns change. This has two important implications. First, it implies potentially strong linkages between resource and non-resource sectors. Second, it means that unmanaged resources cause inefficient allocations of inputs across all sectors, and the effects of resource management spill into other sectors. We construct a local general equilibrium model that accounts for inputs that over-allocate to an open access resource and create a general equilibrium tragedy of the commons. This model describes resource rent dissipation more adequately in economies with mobile factors than a model with slowly dissipating rents. Perfectly mobile factors dissipate rent in every period, but endogenous wages cause labor and capital allocations to change with the resource stock. We use the model to illustrate medium-run impacts of a limit on capital in an artisanal fishery in Honduras. Simulation results reveal that fishery management has economy-wide impacts on prices and wages. Managers in developing countries thus should consider these linkages when implementing policies to conserve fish stocks.     

The moderation effect of workplace experience on innovation motivation: a study of STEM faculty in Singapore

While the topic on drivers of innovation has been intensely studied, most of the literature tends to examine motivators at a point in time with the assumption that they are stable. However, shifts in social and environmental contexts may change motivators of behaviour. In light of the discrepancy, this study uses the person–environment fit theory and examines innovation-stimulating work climate from the perspective of workplace experience. With a sample of 276 faculty members in two major universities in Singapore, we test the moderating effect of workplace experience on three motivators – peer influence, performance evaluation and resource access, and found that with increased workplace experience, the effectiveness of these environmental motivators diminished. Resource access and co-worker influence become less salient with the exception of evaluation, which remains important. The implications for university administration and academic training programs are discussed.     

虚拟组织网络规模、网络结构对合作创新绩效的作用机制——知识资源获取的中介效应

基于开放式创新视角,以231家企业作为样本,实证检验虚拟组织网络规模、网络结构通过知识资源获取路径对合作创新绩效的作用机理。结果表明,网络规模对显性知识资源获取、合作创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络中心性对显性知识资源获取、隐性知识资源获取与合作创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络规模对隐性知识资源获取的影响不显著;显性知识资源获取在网络规模与合作创新绩效关系中发挥完全中介效应;隐性知识资源获取在网络中心性与合作创新绩效关系中发挥完全中介效应。结论可为丰富和完善虚拟组织持续创新理论及创新绩效理论奠定重要基础,具有实践应用价值。     

Is the Current Regulation of the VIII Division European Anchovy Optimal?

This paper sets out to assess the workability of the regulation currently in force in the European anchovy fishery of the VIII division. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the institutional regime in the allocation of natural resources. The study uses a bio-economic approach and takes into account the fact that, not only the European Union and the individual countries involved, but also some of the resource users or appropriators intervene in its management. In order to compare the effectiveness of the rules which, at the various levels, have been set up to restrict exploitation of the resource, the anchovy fishery is simulated in two extreme situations: open access and sole ownership. The results obtained by effective management will then be contrasted with those obtained from the maximum and zero profit objectives related with the two above-mentioned scenarios. Thus, if the real data come close to those derived from the sole ownership model it will have to be acknowledged that the rules at present in force are optimal. If, on the other hand, the situation more closely approach the results obtained from the open access model, we will endeavour in our conclusions to provide suggestions for economic policy measures that might improve the situation in the fishery.