The effect of task experience on assessments of auditor expert potential

This paper proposes a model and methodology for studying the effect of experience on an auditor's expert potential. Expert potential is defined as an increase in the expected level of expertise at which an auditor will perform in an arbitrary future task. An auditor's behaviors during performance of a current task are treated as probes of that auditor's knowledge base. From an analysis of the responses thus obtained, inferences are made concerning the effects of task experience on the underlying properties of the knowledge driving task behaviors and on the probability of greater expert-like task behavior in the future. Application of the model is illustrated by evaluating the effects of experience on the expert potential of four first-year auditors who performed audit-related tasks in simulated auditing environments.     

环境知识学习、绿色创新行为与环境绩效

基于长三角地区367家制造企业有效样本,分析环境知识学习、绿色创新行为与环境绩效三者之间的内在关联。结果表明,环境知识学习对绿色创新行为和环境绩效均具有正向影响;绿色创新行为对环境绩效具有正向影响;绿色创新行为在环境知识利用性学习与环境绩效间发挥完全中介效应,而在环境知识探索性学习与环境绩效关系间发挥部分中介效应。结论揭示了环境知识学习与环境绩效之间的内在作用机制,拓展了组织学习与环境管理等领域的理论空间,对企业实施绿色发展战略具有启示意义。     

Relational Contracts, Multitasking, and Job Design

This article analyzes optimal job design in a repeated principal-agentrelationship when there is only one contractible and imperfectperformance measure for three tasks whose contribution to firmvalue is nonverifiable. The tasks can be assigned to eitherone or two agents. Assigning an additional task to an agentstrengthens his relational contract. Therefore, broad task assignmentsare optimal when the performance measure strongly distorts incentivesfor the two-task job. This is more likely to be the case ifthese two tasks are substitutes.     

知识隐藏的发展逻辑：一个文献综述

知识隐藏是一种由特定前因变量触发并对员工工作行为、团队绩效和组织长期发展构成威胁的知识行为。鉴于此,依托“触发条件—影响机制—弱化机理”分析框架,以知识隐藏国内外文献为研究对象,运用文献计量与归纳相结合的研究方法,界定知识隐藏概念并厘清知识隐藏测量手段及其维度,从员工个体、组织情境、知识特性3个视角对知识隐藏触发条件进行梳理,揭示知识隐藏对个体工作、任务和组织绩效的影响机制,阐述现有国内外文献对知识隐藏弱化机理的研究并对国内知识隐藏研究提出5条发展路径,对于深入研究知识隐藏相关理论具有一定借鉴意义。     

In search of parents’ knowledge for joint venture’s innovation

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of dynamic capabilities from the knowledge-based perspective, including knowledge relatedness and knowledge learning, and to investigate the dynamic capabilities on innovation performance in joint venture. Negative binomial regression is used to test the hypotheses in a panel data of 183 joint venture cases. Significant relationships are found between dynamic capabilities and innovation performance. Moreover, the moderating roles of parent patents granted before, parent knowledge diversity and joint venture knowledge diversity are recognised and are hypothesised as positively moderating the effect of knowledge relatedness on innovation performance, but parent patents granted before and joint venture knowledge diversity are hypothesised as negatively tending to moderate the effect of knowledge learning on innovation performance. The findings support our prediction and policy implications are discussed.     

Effects of Technology Absorptive Capacity and Technology Proactivity on Organizational Learning, Innovation and Performance: An Empirical Examination

Technology is crucial for organizations in the knowledge society, but little empirical research has been conducted on technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity. Based on existing theoretical studies, this article formulates a global model to analyse how technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity influence organizational learning and organizational innovation, and how these dynamics capabilities affect organizational performance. The model also shows how organizational learning affects organizational innovation. The hypotheses are tested using data from 246 Spanish technological firms. The paper discusses the findings and provides several implications for future research. The findings are important for management practice, especially for firms where technology is the main strategic element.     

Effects of Technology Absorptive Capacity and Technology Proactivity on Organizational Learning,Innovation and Performance: An Empirical Examination

Technology is crucial for organizations in the knowledge society, but little empirical research has been conducted on technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity. Based on existing theoretical studies, this article formulates a global model to analyse how technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity influence organizational learning and organizational innovation, and how these dynamics capabilities affect organizational performance. The model also shows how organizational learning affects organizational innovation. The hypotheses are tested using data from 246 Spanish technological firms. The paper discusses the findings and provides several implications for future research. The findings are important for management practice, especially for firms where technology is the main strategic element.     

Technological diversity,knowledge flow and capacity,and industrial innovation

ABSTRACT

This article examines the effect of technological diversity, knowledge flow and capacity on industrial innovation performance. We suggest that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between technological diversity and industrial innovation performance. Moreover, knowledge flow and knowledge capacity are hypothesised as negatively moderating the effect of technological diversity on industrial innovation performance. We use negative binomial regression to test the hypotheses in a panel data of 360 industry-year cases and the findings support our prediction. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

互依性、知识获取与员工创新行为关系研究：一个有调节的中介模型

信息化与知识经济时代,创新成为个体获得竞争优势的关键因素之一。以中国情境下上海319位企业成员为调查样本,基于资源依赖理论和知识管理理论,构建一个有调节的中介模型。运用结构方程模型,考察任务互依性、目标互依性、奖励互依性影响员工创新行为的机制路径,检验知识获取的中介作用和任务冲突的调节作用。结果发现：任务互依性、目标互依性、奖励互依性对知识获取有显著正向作用;知识获取对员工创新行为有显著正向作用;知识获取在任务互依性、目标互依性、奖励互依性与员工创新行为之间起中介作用;任务冲突在目标互依性与知识获取的关系中起调节作用;任务冲突调节知识获取在目标互依性与员工创新行为关系中的中介作用,在高任务冲突情境下,该中介作用更显著。研究结果拓展了中国情境下员工创新行为理论体系,能够为企业管理者寻求更多管理策略提供指导。     

团队跨边界行为与新产品开发绩效：设计创新能力的中介效应

设计驱动创新逐渐成为企业竞争中除市场创新和技术创新之外的第三种致胜方式，设计创新能力较强企业往往在市场上占据独特优势地位。基于团队学习理论，构建一个“行为-能力-绩效”双调节模型，探讨团队跨边界行为对于新产品开发绩效的作用机制和边界条件。结果表明：①团队跨边界行为对新产品开发绩效具有正向影响；②设计创新能力在跨边界行为对新产品开发绩效间起中介作用；③团队知识共享在跨边界行为和设计创新能力间起调节作用，团队知识共享越强，跨边界行为对创新设计能力的正向影响越大；④团队监督在设计创新能力与新产品开发绩效间起到调节作用，团队监督越强，设计创新能力对新产品开发绩效的正向影响越大。     

渐进式抑或突破式：个体创新幅度对众包绩效的影响——基于计算仿真的分析

结合TCPE框架和NK模型，构建一个模拟众包问题解决过程的仿真模型，引入个体创新幅度表征个体创新搜索行为，引入个体有限理性水平和有限理性偏差表征个体认知能力，探讨个体创新幅度对众包绩效的影响机制,以及个体有限理性和任务复杂性的调节作用。结果发现：个体创新幅度与众包绩效存在两种影响模式：当任务非常简单时，个体创新幅度与众包绩效呈负相关关系；当任务复杂性较高时，个体创新幅度与众包绩效呈倒U型关系；两种影响模式不会受到个体有限理性水平和有限理性偏差的调节。在相对复杂的任务中，任务复杂性与个体有限理性偏差会调节实现最优众包绩效对应的个体创新幅度，任务复杂性越高、个体有限理性偏差越大，对应的个体创新幅度随之增加。个体创新幅度会削弱个体认知能力对众包绩效的影响，当个体认知能力较强时，需要采用渐进式创新；当个体认知能力较弱时，需要采用突破式创新。该结论可为企业在众包过程中营造平台创新氛围提供理论依据。     

审计机关机构设置与审计质量:基于分权制衡理论视角的分析

政府审计机关履行审计职能的权力可分解为审计立项权、审计取证权、审计报告权及处理处罚权等。然而受制于审计机关内部机构设置的现状,当前多种审计权力的行使主要集中于业务部门。由于分权制衡的有效性不足,机会主义行为很有可能发生,审计机关内部机构设置方式已成为当前影响政府审计质量的关键性因素。因此,通过机构改革与创新,形成审计权力的相对分离与制约机制,增加审计透明度和审计权力监督效果,减少审计合谋与过滤行为,对保障审计质量具有十分重要的现实意义。     

员工创新行为缘何不同：成就目标导向对员工创新行为影响的双路径研究

目标导向会对员工行为产生指引和影响作用。基于目标导向理论和知识管理理论，引入知识共享和知识隐藏两个变量，考虑情境因素的影响，构建多类别成就目标导向通过双路径影响创新行为的理论模型，研究成就目标导向对创新行为的影响机制。实证发现：不同成就目标导向对创新行为的影响存在差异，其中，学习目标导向和绩效趋近目标导向正向影响创新行为，知识共享起中介作用；绩效回避目标导向负向影响创新行为，知识隐藏起中介作用；心理安全氛围调节成就目标导向对创新行为的影响。     

超网络嵌入、边界拓展与集群企业知识学习绩效

当前，集群企业知识学习是理论和实务界共同关注的热点议题，但现有文献较少从超网络嵌入视角对这一议题进行实证研究。选取软件集群企业为调研对象，实证研究超网络嵌入、边界拓展与知识学习绩效三者间的关联，结果表明：组织边界拓展和知识边界拓展对于知识学习绩效具有正向影响，并且知识边界拓展的影响更为显著。此外，验证了边界拓展在超网络嵌入与知识学习绩效之间的部分中介效应，丰富了知识管理理论，并对知识学习实践具有指导价值。     

LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION: MICRO CREDIT IN CHIAPAS, MEXICO

Micro credit programs provide institutional arrangements for low-income people to transit from nonmarket to market-oriented settings. This article develops a data set of payment records to determine micro credit participants' behavior on repayment performance. The findings shed new light strongly supporting micro credit as a feasible alternative to successfully provide financial resources to the poor, when controlling for asymmetric information. The empirical evidence indicates that learning by association through peer mentoring is a significant determinant in explaining high repayment rates, whereas peer monitoring is not. (JEL O1 , O17 , L31 , J15 )     

信息深度加工中介作用下知识团队任务冲突与团队绩效关系研究

基于信息决策视角,探讨了知识团队任务冲突与团队绩效的关系。通过对74个知识团队455名员工数据进行分析发现,团队任务冲突与信息深度加工和团队绩效均呈倒U型关系;信息深度加工在团队任务冲突与团队绩效的关系中起完全中介作用;共享领导在团队任务冲突与信息深度加工倒U型关系中起正向调节作用。     

Margins for Survival : Edward Wenk,Jr., Pergamon Press,Elmsford, New York, 1979.

Anticipating decision makers' attitudes (and behavior) in new decision situations (DS) is an essential prerequisite for realistic forecasting, but surprisingly enough there are still few methodological tools available for this purpose. Our aim is to describe a presumably new approach by using extensions of the so-called Hurwicz optimism-pessimism index criterion [9] for dynamic decision-making processes. Such a combination of searching, learning and subjective evaluative, and judgmental aspects of decision-making seems to offer a realistic framework for anticipating the intuitive attitudes of decision makers when faced with complex tasks in an unstable environment.     

多重知识网络嵌入性对团队创新绩效的“双刃剑”效应——失败学习的中介作用

基于网络嵌入理论和经验学习理论,遵循“资源―行为―绩效”框架,从团队视角探讨多重知识网络嵌入性对创新绩效的影响机制。采用PROCESS宏程序和MEDCURVE宏程序分析技术,对多时点收集的277套创新型团队领导―成员配对数据进行分析,研究发现多重知识网络嵌入性转化为团队创新绩效的4条路径：①内部和外部知识网络嵌入性均对团队创新绩效存在倒U型影响;②利用式失败学习在内部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的正向关系中具有显著中介作用,在外部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用;③探索式失败学习在两个维度的知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用;④两个维度的知识网络嵌入性顺次通过利用式失败学习、探索式失败学习对团队创新绩效发挥间接作用,利用式失败学习和探索式失败学习在其中起链式中介作用。     

关于绩效审计的探讨

绩效审计已成为许多国家政府审计关注的焦点和主要工作内容，对其重视和运用的程度是衡量一个国家或地区审计发展水平和审计是否具有活力的主要标志。我国对绩效审计的理论研究尚处于初步阶段，还未形成一套系统、完整的理论框架。国外的绩效审计是各国根据自己的特点和需要展开的，没有形成一套固定的审计模式。因此，我们不能照搬他国模式，而应在借鉴他国模式的基础上创建具有中国特色的绩效审计模式。