从自然资源经济学到可持续经济学

随着物质生活水平的快速提高,人类也面临着诸如森林退化、土地荒漠化、物种多样性丧失以及温室效应恶化等生存环境问题。可持续发展问题日益受到人们的关注,通过经济学的视角来研究可持续发展的可持续经济学得到了快速的发展。本文从经济学的角度界定了自然资源的概念,回顾了经济学对自然资源的研究历程,对自然资源经济学的起源、发展进行了评述;论证了自然资源经济学和可持续经济学的关系,指出在可持续发展问题研究中融合自然资源经济学和环境经济学的必然性,以自然资源经济学和环境经济学为重要元素的可持续经济学是可持续问题经济研究的高级阶段,文章进一步探讨了可持续经济学的分析框架、发展现状及存在的问题。     

资源配置：政治经济学研究对象新论

研究对象问题既是政治经济学理论问题,又是创新构建政治经济学体系的基本问题。传统观点认为政治经济学的研究对象是生产关系,是阐明人类社会中支配物质资料生产、交换、分配及消费的客观规律的科学。但政治经济学必须随时代的发展而发展,其研究对象绝不能仅仅局限于生产关系,政治经济学从本质上要求研究资源配置问题,将资源配置纳入政治经济学研究对象,是体现政治经济学与时俱进,开拓创新的重要标志。     

循环经济与主流经济学的分歧与统一

关于自然资源和环境的观点,循环经济与主流经济学并不矛盾.早在古典经济学时代自然资源和环境就被视作同土地和劳动一样具有稀缺性的生产要素,资源价值补偿一直是主流经济学研究的内容之一,而且循环经济的理论发展和实践推广也依赖主流经济学的研究方法和计量工具,因此二者的一致性远远大于分歧.     

环境经济学与生态经济学学科体系比较

环境经济学与生态经济学是两门具有姐妹血缘关系、但不能相互替代的新兴学科。本文通过分析环境经济学与生态经济学的研究范畴,阐述其学科体系的差异性,从而界定各自的研究内容。     

Applying Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to Environmental and Resource Economics

Many of the analyses undertaken byenvironmental and resource economics areintimately concerned with spatial variations.This article examines the contribution whichGeographical Information Systems (GIS) mayprovide in incorporating the complexities ofthe spatial dimension within such analyses. Thepaper introduces the reader to the types ofdata handled by a GIS and overviews thepractical functionality offered by suchsystems. A brief literature review issupplemented by a number of more detailedapplications illustrating various GIStechniques which may be of use to the appliedenvironmental or resource economist.     

Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Accounting

In this paper, we develop atheoretically consistent framework to incorporate theenvironmental effects of agricultural production andthe depletion of natural capital caused byagricultural production into the existing incomeaccounts. We apply the framework and adjust theincome attributed to the agricultural sector andeconomy-wide net national product (NNP) for the UnitedStates. Estimated adjustments to the incomeattributed to agriculture are in the range of $4billion and have declined as a percentage of net farmincome since 1982.     

自然经济体系、食物链与禽鸟病毒传染

本文在自然经济的基础上,创建并论证了由草木、禽鸟和细菌组成的食物链及其微观和宏观经济影响.并将其应用于分析当前由H5N1类型病毒传染引起的禽鸟死亡现象可知:第一,具有双向前级让渡(级中投入)交换优势的自然市场短暂性的失去了平衡;第二,超级"自然王国"已经为全部生物种群按其信息与其适应性作出了持续性反应,以克服负面冲击;第三,生物种群的进化将跃上一个新的高度.     

比较经济学文化学派的“历史研究”和“实证研究”

本文综述并对比了比较经济学文化学派的两个研究范式,即以罗斯菲尔德为代表的历史研究和基尔索、津加莱斯等的实证研究。两个范式都是静态视角,都认为文化是通过经济体制和个体行为来影响经济绩效。历史研究把文化看作一个复杂系统,而实证研究把文化局限于宗教和地域;历史研究重在比较各国文化影响各自经济体制的不同结果;实证研究用实证方法证明文化影响经济绩效的一般机理。经济绩效对文化的影响以及实验研究是主要发展方向。     

论生态经济学与环境经济学的区别与联系

生态经济学与环境经济学既有区别又有联系。本文对二者进行了全面比较,并进一步阐述了对生态经济学与环境经济学学科地位和发展的一些观点和建议。     

Untested Hypotheses in Non-Renewable Resource Economics

The present paper reviews the literature on the empirical implications of the Hotelling rule and suggests directions for further research in this area.     

Research Ethics Education in Economics

Abstract

In this paper, we report the findings from the data we collected from a survey in order to measure how common research ethics education in economics is. We have found out that (1) research ethics is taught in only a very few economics departments around the globe; (2) topics related to research ethics are not taught in courses on economics and ethics; and (3) the number of papers published in specialised peer-reviewed journals on economics education is only a tiny fraction of the number of papers published in these journals. There has been no evidence in economics showing that economics departments have taken strong initiative on teaching research ethics to undergraduate and graduate students.     

The Rejection of Qualitative Research Methods in Economics

Abstract:

The article analyzes the status quo of qualitative methods in economics. While a majority of economists consider knowledge of empirical research methods to be of considerable importance, it must be noted that qualitative research methods are scarcely implemented in economic publications. Given all the advantages of qualitative research methods, the reasons and processes responsible for the rejection of qualitative research methods in economics must be empirically identified and further discussed. To gain insights into the perception and application of qualitative research methods in economics revealing the status and representational patterns in qualitative social research. I addressed professors, editors of economic journals, and postdocs from Germany to access economists’ functional orientations and interpretative patterns, in order to establish preliminary indicators with regard to the subject-specific perspectives and the underlying scientific conceptions of economists. My findings reveal a fundamental rejection of qualitative research methods in economics due to methodological critique, a nomothetic world view and missing career opportunities. The article intends to initiate a discussion about the missing opportunities of the methodological contraction in the economic profession.     

Trends in Undergraduate Economics Degrees, 1991 to 2001

The author reviews and recommends Alan S. Blinder's Hard Heads, Soft Hearts: Tough-Minded Economics for a Just Society.     

International Trends in Economics Degrees During the 1990s

Australia, Canada, Germany, and the United States experienced a substantial decline in undergraduate degrees in economics from 1992 through 1996, followed immediately by a modest recovery. This cycle does not conform to overall degree trends, shifts in the gender composition of undergraduate populations, or changing interests of female students in any of the four countries. There is no evidence that changes in the “price” of a degree to students, tightened marking standards or degree requirements, or changes in pedagogical methods caused the cycle.

Jobs for economics graduates declined in the United States between 1988 and 1990 and thereafter recovered. With a two-year recognition lag, the pattern of employment prospects fits the U.S. slump in economics degrees perfectly. Unfortunately, employment patterns in the other three countries are inconsistent with the degree cycle. The explanation that fits the economic degree pattern best is interest in business education.     

中部地区自然资源有序开发的环境约束及化解

中部地区具有明显的区位优势和综合资源优势，是我国重要的农产品基地、能源基地和重要的原材料基地。中部地区崛起战略的顺利实施须有赖于作为以人为本的社会经济可持续发展的两大基本要素之一——自然资源的有序开发。基于中部地区自然资源现状及其有序开发的环境约束，针对各类自然资源提出相应的化解策略。