浅析联合国与世界银行的关系

联合国与世界银行之间关系平行,这不仅体现在法律层面,也体现在实践层面。两组织关系的主要特点是——有限合作,合作的范围广、渠道多,但深度浅,合作基本限于功能领域,世界银行在政治领域一般持有自己的立场。两组织之间既相互合作又相互斗争,这也是南北关系的一种体现。     

市场型交易关系的建立与发展及其运行机制

本文以辽宁普兰店蔬菜流通渠道为案例,全面考察了蔬菜流通渠道中市场型交易关系的建立、发展与终止过程,重点考察了在交易关系发展各个阶段重要的互动行为如何影响了交易关系的发展,并建构了市场型交易关系建立与发展过程的概念模型。研究发现市场型交易关系是在市场价格机制和农村人际关系要素这双重机制影响下的交易关系,这种双重制约机制不仅使得此类交易关系具有一些市场交易的特征,同时还具有长期导向性的内在稳定机制。     

政府与企业及市场的关系

改革开放之前的几十年，我国实行的是高度集中的计划经济体制，在这种体制下，政府对企业统得过死，财政统收统支、产品统购统销、物资统一调拨、职工统一调配，当时的企业缺乏任何自主权，政府对市场片面强调政府职能而轻视、忽视市场机制的调节作用。政府采用高度集权式管理，暴露出了一系列的问题，如政企不分、行政干预、角色错位、效率低下，政府既当裁判员又当运动员。在完善社会主义市场经济的今天，作为WTO成员国，如何处理好政府与企业以及与市场的关系是摆在我国政府面前的一项重要课题，可以说它关系到我国改革开放的成败。一…     

The Borrower of Last Resort: International Adjustment and Liquidity in a Historical Perspective

The stability of the international monetary system hinges on a dominant country acting as an international lender of last resort, injecting liquidity by recycling surpluses to countries facing balance of payments problems. The efficacy of this mechanism does not depend on the dominant country retaining a “creditor” status. Rather it has depended historically, on the dominant country’s ability to continue to borrow, in the face of growing external deficits without undermining the status of its currency as international money. A pivotal role is played by the institutional mechanisms that allow the dominant country to borrow from surplus countries on one hand and lead to increasing fragility in peripheral debtor countries on the other. The paper argues that such triangular adjustment patterns underlay both the gold standard period where Britain was a net creditor and the present “floating dollar regime” where the United States is a net debtor.     

The Relationship Between Saving and Credit from a Schumpeterian Perspective

After 1995, the United States experienced housing and mortgage booms, fuelled by increased lending from less regulated institutions, such as hedge funds. At the micro level, the housing boom may have left families with more wealth, but the mortgage boom may have increased their financial vulnerability. Using the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances, we consider both wealth creation and a select number of financial vulnerability measures of homeowners. The data indicate that the housing boom was not only associated with larger house values, but also moderated wealth gains and substantially greater financial vulnerability of homeowners. Both trends were more pronounced among middleincome and Hispanic families, who saw larger wealth gains, but also greater increases in financial vulnerability than their counterparts. Given the breadth of the spread in homeowners’ financial vulnerability alongside sharply higher house prices, our results support the link between more deregulated financial markets and rising financial instability.     

企业集团内关联方交易价格的确定

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,许多企业通过收购、兼并、参股、控股、重组等形式成长为企业集团,快速扩展其经营规模和经营领域,提高抗御风险的能力。集团内企业如何合理处理相互间的经济业务,在获取集团整体利益的同时,保证从属企业在经济上的独立性,价格上的公平性。内部交易的价格是否公平合理成了当前集团企业、税务部门、审计部门关注的焦点问题之一。     

An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Central Bank Intervention and Exchange Rate Volatility: Some Australian Evidence

Arguably, market stability is one of the primary reasons behind government intervention in the foreign exchange market. Whether or not the authorities achieve this goal is an empirical matter and testing of this issue is made difficult by the fact that government intervention and exchange rate volatility may be jointly determined. In this paper, the extent to which volatility drives intervention is considered using PROBIT analysis. The results suggest that while support for the hypothesis exists, volatility on its own does not to provide enough information to allow us to accurately forecast government intervention. A modified GARCH model is then tested which incorporates the impact of government intervention in the mean and conditional variance equation. The evidence presented suggest that the dynamics of market are different on the days where the central bank is active in the market.     

工业增加值与采购经理人指数关系研究

采购经理人指数作为工业的先行性指标,其发展趋势对工业增加值的发展变化趋势具有很好的预测作用。通过ADL模型和ECM模型的综合应用研究,推导建构了关于经理采购人指数与工业增加值之间的关系模型,并基于Eviews6.0软件工具对近年来的实证数据进行分析和检验,可以证明ADL模型对于预测工业增加值具有良好的预测作用。     

商业银行服务与消费者间的逻辑模型及其借鉴价值

在商业银行中，一种特定项目的服务过程就是一种无形的产品，这一动态化的产品的质量高低以及是否会使顾客满意，取决于银行的服务类型、服务技术、准确有效性、两者的互动效应等。因此，研究商业银行的服务提供行为对提升商业银行的竞争力有着重要的指导意义。服务主体行为逻辑模型对我国商业银行业务实践具有重要的借鉴价值，为此应进一步研究商业银行服务提供所采取的策略。     

The Relationship Between Economic Understanding and the Social Studies Curriculum

Much research is needed to determine the extent to which the high school social studies curriculum, and certain courses within that curriculum, contribute toward economic understanding. Boddy and Tocco report on their attempt to assess the social studies curriculum in Southwest Florida. They also single out one required course, Americanism vs. Communism, which was designed to “emphasize the free-enterprise-competitive economy of the United States,” and measure its impact on a sample of high school seniors. The findings are not encouraging. Although this study applies to one limited geographic area, others may find it interesting because it suggests the need for similar research in other parts of the nation.     

人地关系认知路线图

人地关系是地理学研究的核心问题.结合作者对人地关系20多年的研究,提出地理学人地关系认知首先要区分其研究的特殊性——建立人地关系“三元论”,从此出发探讨地理学人地关系的认知结构路径,包括“文化生态”与“生态文化”路径,“生态经济”与“经济生态”路径,文化经济与经济文化路径,从空间方面,要区别于经济学的劳动地域分工,建立地理学人地关系地域系统空间分异—全息地域分工理论.     

中国美学与古典文学关系二三谈

"和"与"善"影响了中国早期文学的风貌;"言志"与"缘情"孕构了光辉灿烂的中国文学.文学和美学携手并进,推动了审美意识的转变,也推动了中国文学的发展.     

机构投资者持股和企业银行借款关系研究

近年来,机构投资者在中国资本市场蓬勃发展。通过分析机构投资者持股变化对公司治理的影响,可以发现机构投资者持股和企业新增银行借款比例呈倒U型关系:机构投资者持股比例的增加有助于企业获得银行借款,但当机构投资者持股达到一定比例后,机构投资者持股的增加又会抑制企业银行借款的增加。机构投资者持股对于企业获取银行借款的影响依赖于持股比例的变化。     

The Emotional Relationship Between The Teacher And Student

The emotional relationship between the teacher and student becomes more and more sensitive,and the active relation is good for teaching,but the passive is opposite.As a teacher,how deals with this relation is very important,because the teacher just play the vital role in class.The teacher also should know the principle that is how get along well with the student.So long as the teacher know about these,the collectivity will become more and more harmonic,and the emotional relationship would get more and more harmonious as well.     

论组织管理与组织中人的全面发展的关系

组织中的人通过管理与组织密切联系。从组织管理的内涵、管理的知识体系、管理的目标、管理理论的发展阶段、组织文化及道德作用等几个方面阐述了组织管理与组织个人全面发展的关系,表明二者是相辅相成,共存共荣的关系。组织目标涵盖环境层次、组织层次和个人层次三个层面,将社会发展、组织赢利和个人完善有机的结合起来。而不能忽视的是,在任何一个组织目标得以顺利实现的过程中．,管理都在其中发挥着十分关键的作用。     

The Relationship Between Education and Adult Mortality in the United States

Prior research has uncovered a large and positive correlation between education and health. This paper examines whether education has a causal impact on health. I follow synthetic cohorts using successive U.S. censuses to estimate the impact of educational attainment on mortality rates. I use compulsory education laws from 1915 to 1939 as instruments for education. The results suggest that education has a causal impact on mortality, and that this effect is perhaps larger than has been previously estimated in the literature.     

论开证行与受益人之间的法律关系

信用证已成为当今国际贸易中使用最为普通的一种支付方式,但无论是在国内还是在国外,对信用证的法律研究都不够深入,许多法律问题亟待解决,本文根据有关国家国内法和国际惯例,对可撤销信用证和不可撤销信用证项下,开证行与受益之人之间的法律关系作了探讨。     

产业结构演变与职业教育的互动关系

主要从三个方面论述了产业结构演变与职业教育的互动关系：（1）从职业教育的纵向发展来看,得出产业发展引起职业教育的产生,随后两者呈现出互动发展的态势;（2）从部分国家的横向比较来看,得出由于不同的国家之间产业结构的特点不同,其职业教育的特色亦存在差异;（3）从两者与技术变动、就业结构的联系来考察,得出产业结构演变与职业教育之间存在着密切的互动关系。     

传教士和近代中国的科学发展

中国在封建社会末期几乎断绝了与外界的一切联系,而其原本辉煌灿烂的科学文化也早已陷入故步自封的境地。正是在这种情况下西方传教士的到来给原本沉闷的中国科学界带来了一丝生气。他们向中国人介绍的西方现代科学在一定程度上推动了当时中国科学的发展,并对之后中国科学的艰难发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

Exchange Rate Effects of Central Bank Interventions: An Analysis of Transaction Prices

The impact of sterilised interventions by the Swiss National Bank on the Swiss franc/U.S. dollar exchange rate is examined for the 1986–94 period. The paper extends results from earlier studies by using the actual prices of interventions. Based on the fact that all Swiss National Bank interventions are announced, our test exploits the informational differences between interventions and customer transactions. A key finding is that only initial interventions matter; customer transactions and subsequent interventions have no influence.