Emerging life sciences ventures: The quest for legitimacy

As an emerging life sciences venture, gaining legitimacy (credibility) with external stakeholders (e.g., investors) is a critical challenge in today's environment. This quest for legitimacy relates to issues that focus on the individual, the environment, and the process. Integrating insights gained from interviews with three CEOs of life sciences companies along with the academic literature, we provide guidance for entrepreneurs regarding the unique challenges facing life sciences ventures. We propose that these ventures are driven by a “quest for legitimacy” and that life sciences entrepreneurs therefore must be aware of the strategic issues which impact legitimacy in the eyes of external stakeholders (e.g., investors).     

Wearables in the workplace: The brave new world of employee engagement

Organizations increasingly introduce wearable devices, hoping to improve organizational performance. Wearables provide new and unique opportunities for engaging employees with their work and their organizational environment. The performance-related feedback these devices provide is supposed to help both employees and managers navigate the work environment more effectively. Despite the compelling benefits of wearables, they may prove to be detrimental to organizational performance unless a number of ethical issues are addressed. This article provides an overview of the benefits that certain wearable technologies can provide employees and managers, as well as the challenges they may create for organizations.     

Paperless healthcare: Progress and challenges of an IT-enabled healthcare system

For most Americans, a trip to the doctor's office or a hospital stay necessitates that medical personnel search through paper charts and records as care is administered. This remains the status quo, despite the increasingly large role that electronic communication plays in other aspects of our business and personal lives. The elevated use of information technology (IT) in healthcare settings—primarily via utilization of electronic health records (EHRs), which allow information to be readily communicated and shared among healthcare providers—has been advocated as a means of improving quality of care and helping to control healthcare costs over the long term. Yet, hastened implementation of healthcare IT will require considerable cost incursion in the near term, and will present various other challenges that must be addressed. Herein, we examine the merits and benefits of healthcare IT, as well as the costs and other challenges that may serve as obstacles to its wider implementation and use. We conclude with a set of recommendations designed to increase the likelihood that extensive expansion in the use of healthcare IT will yield the desired benefits.     

How policy is shaping the macro healthcare delivery supply chain: The emergence of a new tier of retail medical clinics

The healthcare industry continues to face substantial pressure to simultaneously improve costs and patient centricity. Much of the focus to date has concerned policy interventions capable of improving these performance measures for traditional healthcare providers, such as hospitals. But recently, nontraditional healthcare providers like Walmart Health and Amazon have made forays into the industry by establishing retail medical clinics (RMCs). These efforts constitute a redistribution of how services are organized across the macro healthcare delivery supply chain. While RMCs stand to bring innovative models of service delivery to patients, the policy environment can both enable and inhibit their involvement in the industry. We develop a framework that explains how structural and conduct regulations have historically influenced demand for and supply of healthcare services. We then describe how these regulatory factors can support nontraditional healthcare providers as they launch innovative service delivery models aimed at efficiency and customer centricity.     

推进国有企业党建工作创新的思考

随着国有企业改革发展的不断深入,企业党建工作也面临着许多新的挑战.在新形势下,企业党建工作必须在继承的基础上不断创新,强化核心把方向,融入中心增效益,深入人心促和谐从而把国有企业独特的政治优势转化为企业的核心竞争力,促进企业更好更快地发展.增强国有企业党建工作创新的使命感、紧迫感和责任感,抓好国有企业党建工作创新的重点和进一步提高国有企业党务工作者队伍素质是创新国有企业党建工作重要途径.     

科技型中小企业技术创新支持体系构建及其力学模型分析

基于要素供给主体的性质是否具有营利性,将科技型中小企业技术创新支持体系要素划分为公益性要素和营利性要素。其中,营利性因素对提高企业创新活动效率的贡献率更高。这些要素在现实中表现出的优劣状态,对创新活动作用方向不同。由此,构建出科技型中小企业创新活动的受力结构模型,基于模型的分析给出相应的对策建议。     

The promises and constraints of consumer-directed healthcare

Consumer-directed healthcare promises to reduce costs and increase quality by expanding provider choice for prospective patients. High-deductible insurance, employer- or government-subsidized health savings accounts, transparent pricing, and accurate information on clinical performance help generate millions of patients shopping for healthcare. As in any other well-behaved market, when patients shop, there is a link between financial reward and value for the individual patient. Absence of price competition, agency problems, and high barriers to entry in local markets are market failures that currently break this link in U.S. healthcare. Consumer-directed health plans are already popular among many employers and have established a momentum that indirectly shapes discussion of reform by the Obama administration. Complexity of reporting clinical results, dependence of treatment success on at-home patient behavior, and scientific ignorance among consumers threaten delivery of results promised by theory. Successful implementation requires regulator attention to sophisticated data reporting that adjusts for clinical risk, avoidance of patient-focused marketing that leads to over-consumption, and adequate subsidy of health savings accounts. In the end, implementation shifts the locus of healthcare system control from cost-shifting negotiations between employers, providers, and payers to new-found purchasing power of prospective patients.     

论企业理论演进与创新

本文认为,把握企业理论的演进与创新对于企业管理理念和方式的改进具有重要影响。新古典企业理论追求边际效用递减规律下资源利用的最大效率,现代企业理论发展以股东所有权利益极大化为基本目标,而后现代企业理论的创新在于适应知识经济和信息社会的人本主义复归。文章提出,企业作为经济地适应分工和市场的进一步细化的基本单元,差异性塑造是企业竞争力的重要条件;新古典企业理论把生产效率定义在生产技术层面和一般管理层面,没有考虑到两权分离下不同的企业制度对生产效率的影响;现代企业理论深刻揭示了企业的市场替代性,而后现代企业理论则对所有者主权至上进行了修正,揭示了人本主义在企业复归的重要价值;扁平化、无级别、无部门、网络化、多中心等新的组织结构尚未成熟,人们理想中的"自由王国"或许就在其中。     

和谐创新型企业初探

和谐与创新是21世纪中国企业发展的两大主题,和谐创新型企业是立足于社会发展的大平台。营造和谐创新型企业的经济学基础——边际理论和博弈论,在此基础上来构建和谐创新型企业的智慧增值"┸"形模式,从而实现营造和谐创新型企业的三重"和谐双赢"。     

中小企业创新网络对技术创新的影响研究

中小企业在促进经济增长、扩大就业方面发挥着重要的作用,而中小企业创新网络的构建,有助于中小企业在网络中获得技术创新的资源,提高企业的创新绩效。为此,界定中小企业创新网络的概念；具体分析中小企业创新网络对企业技术创新的影响,从而建立中小企业创新网络对企业技术创新的影响模型。     

南方民营经济的发展给黑龙江省的启示

随着市场经济的发展和经济体制改革的深入,民营经济已经成为启动民间投资,拓宽就业渠道,拉动经济增长,优化所有制结构,增强发展后劲,推动城镇化和工业化进程的重要力量。黑龙江省民营经济发展虽然取得了显著的成绩,但与南方经济发达地区相比还有很大差距,存在许多问题。我们应借鉴南方先进经验,改变黑龙江省民营经济现状,提升民营经济在黑龙江省经济发展中贡献的份额,促进黑龙江省经济的飞速发展。     

In the service of the society: The labour management practices of an Australian life Insurer to 1940

This article considers the labour management practices in use in the Australian life insurance industry during the inter-war period. Using the Australian Mutual Provident as a case study, it is argued that the specific human resource management practices evolved to deal with separate sets of problems arising from the functions of the life insurance business and the manner in which the principal/agent problem was manifested. The differing nature of work associated with the sales and management of life insurance fostered the development of primary and secondary labour markets in which the benefits flowing to one were superior to those accruing to the other.     

高新技术民企的阳关道

2004年全国电子信息百强企业的评选于近日揭晓,评选结果显示,本届百强中国有及国有控股企业54家,民营企业46家,民营企业几乎占据了百强企业的半壁江山。这一结果也表明,民营企业自身规模不断增长,整体实力不断壮大,企业的运行质量和效益不断提高。并且,百强企业中的民营企业十分重视高新技术产品的出口,坚持"走出去"战略,不少企业在国际化的     

基于客户旅程地图的第四方物流企业引领战略勾勒

首先界定第四方物流、引领战略和客户旅程地图等概念的内涵,进而针对第四方物流模式、物流企业发展战略及相关的工具模型予以理论溯源;在此基础上分析了中国社会经济(全供应链)、物流行业及企业的总体发展概况,并对中国第四方物流的发展进行扫描;然后从供应链(纵向)发展与管理效能、物流行业(横向)发展与服务效能、物流企业(自身)发展与运营效能三个维度设计了第四方物流企业引领发展的评价指标体系;据此揭示了当前中国第四方物流企业发展现存的主要问题;最后基于客户旅程地图,从"一纵"(供应链发展引领战略)、"一横"(物流业发展引领战略)、"一点"(自身运营发展战略)3个层面构建了中国第四方物流企业"三位一体"引领发展战略,同时提出了加强信息管理、提供品牌服务、提升运营能力等对策措施。     

新形式下的企业发展管理架构

由于社会经济飞速发展,市场经济迎来了一个新的局面,企业如何在这新形势下更好的发展,如何做到是企业生存时间更长,知名度更大。这就迫使各大企业在新形势下,如何转变政策,转变战略,转变管理方式。以最快的速度适应新环境,促进企业经济效益以及市场竞争力。本文主要从企业的发展趋势、专业化水平以及企业的战略目标来论述的,为各大企业的发展战略提供参考。     

The sensitivity of U.S. multinational enterprises to political and macroeconomic uncertainty: A sectoral analysis

This paper confronts two alternative approaches for explaining U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) pattern in developing countries. According to the real options (RO) approach, FDI in capital-intensive industries should be particularly deterred by political and macroeconomic uncertainty. On the other hand, the supply chain risk management (SCRM) approach puts forward that multinational enterprises in vertically integrated industries are unlikely to locate their foreign activities in risky countries. Thanks to the use of sectoral data, it is demonstrated that the SCRM approach explains much better the pattern of U.S. FDI in developing countries than the RO approach.     

The adoption of human capital services by small and medium enterprises: A diffusion of innovation perspective

While lack of scale economies have traditionally limited the use of human capital programs among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), outsourcing models have recently emerged to provide cost-effective access to these programs. Drawing on the diffusion of innovation literature, we apply the rational accounts model and institutional theory to examine why SMEs differ in their willingness to use newly available human capital programs. We specifically examine the impact of SME size on the adoption of human capital innovations. Using survey and archival data from over 400 SMEs, we found broad support for the integrated approach we propose.     

Outward internationalization of private enterprises in China: The effect of competitive advantages and disadvantages compared to home market rivals

This study uses the resource-based view of a firm to examine the outward internationalization of private firms in China. We investigate the extent to which advantages/disadvantages of resource endowment and organizing capability of Chinese private enterprises (relative to both state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises at home) may drive outward internationalization and affect their risk-taking tendency when going international. Our analyses of 553 Chinese private enterprises show that a Chinese private firm's likelihood of venturing abroad is associated with resource endowment advantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises, organizing capability advantages vis-à-vis state-owned enterprises, and organizing capability disadvantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises. These same advantages (or disadvantages) in organizing capabilities also increase a firm's likelihood of choosing a high-risk entry mode. We also find that a firm's resource endowment and organizing capabilities interact with each other and mutually enhance each other's effect on the likelihood of outward internationalization.     

新企业所得税对高新技术企业的影响及对策

高新技术产业决定一个国家的经济、政治地位,现代国家之间的竞争核心是科学技术,我国将把提高自主创新能力作为贯彻落实科学发展观的重大原则,并且已被提高到国家战略的高度,而政府调节经济发展、促进高科技产业腾飞的重要手段是税收政策.本文就新企业所得税法对高新技术企业的影响进行了重点分析,同时提出了相应的对策,以此期望给企业带来新的发展契机和发展动力.     

传统企业开展电子商务的风险评价与防范

随着信息技术的发展,电子商务将成为企业的发展方向,给传统企业带来巨大的发展机遇,但也存在诸多风险因素,只有很好地防范风险,才能使效益得以实现。本文通过分析传统企业开展电子商务所面临的风险,用模糊综合评价法对其进行评价并进行了实例验证,从内生风险、外生风险和内外协同风险三方面分别构建了风险防范体系。