探寻破解农民贷款难"金钥匙"

农民贷款难问题,是当前阻碍＂三农＂发展的重大问题,也是农村金融面临的难点问题。需要国家从宏观层面上加强制度建设,通过农村金融制度的创新加以解决。本文以海南为例,剖析了农民贷款难问题成因,探寻破解农民贷款难问题的金钥匙。     

少数民族地区农户贷款难与农村信用社难贷款现象的成因

农户贷款难的成因分析 在少数民族地区农村经济发展中，农户贷款难是农村金融工作的突出问题。大量农村资金流向城市和非农产业是农户贷款难的直接成因。农户贷款难，并不是农村资金缺乏，而是由于大量资金外流造成的。农村经济发展中的金融资源配置本来就十分稀缺，     

缓解中小企业贷款难措施的评价

一、对缓解中小企业贷款难的几种措施(制度)评价:治标不治本 对缓解中小企业贷款难,社会上有几种制度安排,但我们认为,这几种制度(措施)安排均是从治标上着手,无法解决中小企业贷款难的本源问题.     

流动性过剩条件下农村“贷款难”与“难贷款”问题的解决

长期以来，社会各界一直认为农村资金不足是农民“贷款难”问题出现的主要原因。有关部门在解决农民“贷款难”问题时也一直借助于支农再贷款、引导邮政储蓄资金返还农村等增加农村资金供应的政策手段。但是，自2006年以来，随着全国普遍的流动性过剩现象出现，长期困扰农村的资金不足的状况也得到了好转。然而，农村地区“贷款难”的现象却没有因此而消失，反而有进一步加剧的趋势。由此我们认为，在现有市场环境下，单独从金融供给角度已无法全面解释和解决农村金融领域存在的困难和问题，而必须转换角度，结合金融需求和金融供给两个方面共同加以研究。     

深化农村金融改革努力解决农民贷款难

推动农村经济发展,深化农村金融改革,努力解决农民贷款难问题具有重要意义。农村金融改革是一项系统工程,既要着力扩大增量、也要着重存量的金融机构改革,二者不能偏废。因此,用办城市金融的思路来经营农村金融是行不通的,对于农村金融改革与发展而言,市场化应该是大方向,需要建立以需求为导向的农村金融服务体系。     

我国中小企业贷款难的原因分析

目前,我国80%以上的中小企业面临贷款难的问题,贷款难已经成为制约我国中小企业发展的严重"瓶颈"之一.本文比较全面地分析了我国中小企业贷款难的原因.     

关于哈尔滨市涉农贷款难问题的研究

哈尔滨市农村金融还处于比较落后的状态,涉农贷款难的问题长期未得到很好解决,导致农村地区资金供求不平衡,制约了农村经济的快速发展.要从根本上解决这一难题,必须尽快提高涉农贷款服务水平,创新贷款服务方式,制定和完善支持农村金融加快发展的政策,发展多种形式的新型农村金融组织.     

臧景范：着力解决“贷款难”“难贷款”

银监会合作金融机构监管部主任臧景范曾就农村金融改革问题多次接受本刊的采访，是本刊读者熟悉的“老朋友”，他曾有过多年丰富的农村基层金融管理经验，在农信社改革、农村小额贷款等方面拥有独到的监管思路。日前，就农村金融改革中存在的“贷款难”和“难贷款”的问题，臧景范接受了媒体的采访。     

浅析中小企业贷款难问题

在当前我国的经济快速发展过程中,中小企业经济的发展起到了重要的作用。但是中小企业的发展一直受到融资难的问题困扰,其中以贷款难的问题最为突出。本文从中小企业贷款难的原因出发,阐述了解决贷款难问题的相应对策。     

浅析中小企业贷款难问题

在当前我国的经济快速发展过程中,中小企业经济的发展起到了重要的作用。但是中小企业的发展一直受到融资难的问题困扰,其中以贷款难的问题最为突出。本文从中小企业贷款难的原因出发,阐述了解决贷款难问题的相应对策。     

浅析农户个人信贷业务拓展中的障碍和对策建议

中国经济长期以来呈现出“重城轻乡”的二元制结构特点,在这种经济结构背景下的城乡个人信贷政策却没有实行差别化,这是造成我国农村个人信贷业务难以推进的主要障碍。目前银行在针对个人办理贷款时都有一些硬性条件,包括面临风险时贷款利率会适当上浮,个人贷款期限以年为单位,要求借款人一定时间内支出与收入比不得超过50％,这些政策和限制性条件对农户贷款并不适用,在为农户办理贷款时应适用新的信贷政策,使其更贴近农户的实际信贷需求。     

县域资金供给存在的结构性问题及建议——吉林省通化市为例

通化县域金融机构在农村地区的资金吸纳能力与金融供给数量存在不平衡的现象。具体来说,有的金融机构在农村地区吸收存款数量较多,但信贷投放相对较少;有的机构信贷投放力度较大,但资金吸纳能力有限。本文提出通过政策手段调整县域资金供给结构,即让支农力度较大的县域金融机构占有更多的资金,这将有效增加支农资金的供给总量,进而推动通化县域地区＂三农＂经济的快速发展。     

农户联保贷款不良率高的成因分析——以吉林省德惠市农村信用社为例

农户联保贷款是农村金融产品的一个创新,为农户贷款难开辟了一条新途径,然而实际运营过程中,由于管理不到位及一些客观原因,致使农户贷款中出现大量的不良。本文通过对德惠市农村信用社农户联保贷款的调查,深入分析农户联保贷款的成因。     

Securitization without adverse selection: The case of CLOs

In this paper, we investigate whether securitization was associated with risky lending in the corporate loan market by examining the performance of individual loans held by collateralized loan obligations. We employ two different data sets that identify loan holdings for a large set of CLOs and find that adverse selection problems in corporate loan securitizations are less severe than commonly believed. Using a battery of performance tests, we find that loans securitized before 2005 performed no worse than comparable unsecuritized loans originated by the same bank. Even loans originated by the bank that acts as the CLO underwriter do not show under-performance relative to the rest of the CLO portfolio. While some evidence exists of under-performance for securitized loans originated between 2005 and 2007, it is not consistent across samples, performance measures, and horizons. Overall, we argue that the securitization of corporate loans is fundamentally different from securitization of other assets classes because securitized loans are fractions of syndicated loans. Therefore, mechanisms used to align incentives in a lending syndicate are likely to reduce adverse selection in the choice of CLO collateral.     

The bank loan distribution effect of government spending expansion: Evidence from China

Rather than focusing on the spread of enterprises' bank loans, we focus on the impact of government spending expansion on the amount of bank loans obtained by enterprises. We first build a theoretical model to show that there are the demand effect and loan cost effect of government spending expansion on the bank loans and then use the fixed effects approach to analyze the bank loan distribution effect of government spending expansion by using the data of enterprises listed on the China Stock Exchange between 2003 and 2019. Empirical results show that the demand effect plays a leading role for the central government state-owned enterprises (SOEs), helping them obtain more bank loans from banks. In contrast, for private enterprises, the loan cost effect plays a leading role, hurting them in obtaining bank loans from banks. Further research shows that government spending expansion's crowding-in or crowding-out effect differs from Neoclassicism and (new) Keynesianism. This paper provides a new explanation for why the financing problem of private enterprises is getting worse in China. The policy implication is that when the government implements expansionary fiscal policies, it should also provide convenience for private enterprise financing through window guidance to prevent the expansionary fiscal policies from crowding out private enterprise bank loans.     

涉农贷款边际成本的测算及影响因素分析——基于湖南省87个县（市）农商行的经验数据

涉农业务边际成本过高是农村金融机构目标偏移的根本原因.依据2011-2014年湖南省87家县(市)农商行(含农信社)的经营数据,考量涉农贷款边际成本及影响因素.结果显示:微观方面,农商行的涉农贷款比重增加推高了涉农贷款的边际成本,提升资产中的贷款比重有助于降低涉农贷款边际成本,农商行的风险管理能力越强,涉农贷款的边际成本越低;宏观方面,县域金融发展水平的提升有益于降低涉农贷款的边际成本,城乡收入差距较大的县域,涉农贷款的边际成本也越高,提升县域融资市场的流动性有助于降低涉农贷款边际成本.     

Fairly priced deposit insurance,incentive compatible regulations,and bank asset choices

This article provides incentive compatible regulations that support fairly priced deposit insurance in a competitive banking industry. If informational asymmetry exists between the regulator and banks regarding loan quality, but the regulator can observe actual loan rates charged, then imposing a capital requirement schedule that leads market loan rates to decrease in loan quality is shown to be incentive compatible. Competition in the loan market induces banks to be indifferent to all loans that satisfy a minimum acceptable quality and reject all riskier loans. The regulator could reduce the banking industry's riskiness by imposing stricter capital requirements that increase this minimum quality.     

新形势下金融支持“三农”的对策建议

西安地区金融支持＂三农＂面临贷款需求大额化、长期化、信贷支持领域多元化、金融服务方式多样化的新形势。但农村信贷市场存在涉农贷款难以满足需求、金融机构进入农村信贷市场的意愿不强、金融机构与农户之间的信息不对称等问题。应坚持统筹兼顾,进一步完善农村金融组织体系;贴近＂三农＂实际,优化农村金融的功能定位与服务;减少资金分流,有效增加农村信贷资金投入。     

Ability of accounting and audit quality variables to predict bank failure during the financial crisis

We examine the ability of selected accounting and audit quality variables measured in a period prior to the financial crisis (i.e., the four quarters of 2006), to predict banks that subsequently failed during the financial crisis. We employ two sets of samples from the US: a troubled banks sample that includes banks that failed in or after 2007 as well as banks classified as being troubled based on profitability, loan quality, and balance sheet position in 2007, and a full sample that includes all banks with available required data. Using the troubled banks sample, we identify six reliable predictors of bank failure: auditor type, auditor industry specialization, Tier 1 capital ratio, proportion of securitized loans, growth in loans, and loan mix. For the larger full sample of banks, we identify the following ten predictors of bank failure: auditor type, Tier 1 capital ratio, proportion of securitized loans, nonperforming loans, loan loss provisions, growth in commercial loans, growth in real estate loans, growth in overall loans, loan mix, and whether the bank is a public bank.     

Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage,business and consumer loan portfolios

This paper uses dynamic panel data methods to examine the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) in the Greek banking sector, separately for each loan category (consumer loans, business loans and mortgages). The study is motivated by the hypothesis that both macroeconomic and bank-specific variables have an effect on loan quality and that these effects vary between different loan categories. The results show that, for all loan categories, NPLs in the Greek banking system can be explained mainly by macroeconomic variables (GDP, unemployment, interest rates, public debt) and management quality. Differences in the quantitative impact of macroeconomic factors among loan categories are evident, with non-performing mortgages being the least responsive to changes in the macroeconomic conditions.