FDI对我国电子信息产品制造业国际竞争力影响研究

基于FDI对我国电子信息产品制造业生产要素、需求状况、相关产业状况和竞争状况产生影响的理论分析,获得八个解释变量;选取显示性比较优势为被解释变量;利用1998至2008各年统计数据,实证分析FDI对我国电子信息产品制造业国际竞争力的影响。结果表明：内资研发投入、内资的产业集中度、外资资本投入、国内对电子信息产品制造业需求量、我国半导体硅单晶生产额、外资企业销售量占产业销售总量这六个变量显著影响我国该行业国际竞争力,内资资本密集度和外资人力资本强度没有通过显著性检验。     

生产性服务业FDI对工业效率影响的实证研究——基于行业的动态面板模型分析

在考虑知识流动和制度变迁效应的情况下,采用动态面板数据分析方法,利用2004-2009年分行业的数据,估算了生产性服务业外商直接投资对工业生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:在控制知识流动和制度改善对生产效率的影响之后,信息传输和计算机软件服务业、交通运输和商务服务业、科学研究和技术服务业3个细分行业的FDI与工业生产效率的提升存在显著的正相关性;尽管金融业的FDI增长在统计意义上能显著影响工业生产效率,但效果比较微弱;交通运输和仓储业的FDI对工业生产效率的影响并不显著;知识流动的增强与制度的改善能有效提高工业生产效率。     

Economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from CIVETS countries

ABSTRACT

This paper examines whether a long-run relationship exists between CO₂ emissions and selected variables: real gross domestic product per capita, inward stock of foreign direct investments, gross fixed capital formation, industry, value added and energy use per capita for Colombia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa countries in the period of 1989–2016. We used panel unit root testing, followed by panel cointegration tests and panel causality. The results clearly prove the existence of a bidirectional long-run causal relationship between all the variables except between CO₂ emissions and GDP and CO₂ emissions and GFCF. Major finding of the short-run causality analysis is that CO₂ emission in the short run does not result in changes of other variables. On the other hand, all variables except foreign direct investments (FDI) cause the changes in the CO₂ emissions, and there is a positive bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and FDI, between GFCF and FDI, and between GFCF and IVA. Finally, positive unidirectional causal relationship also exists, running from GDP to IVA, GDP to ENUSE, IVA to FDI and ENUSE to FDI.     

Do regional trade agreements stimulate FDI? Evidence for the Agadir,MERCOSUR and AFTA regions

The integration of emerging markets into the global economy is heavily promoted by foreign direct investment (FDI ) inflows. Among the factors explaining the location of FDI , regional trade agreements (RTA s) can be relevant for emerging markets, as they can promote economic integration and increase the attractiveness of the region for foreign investors. This paper investigates the impact of South–South trade agreements on the FDI decision of multinationals, where the Agadir, mercado comun del sur (MERCOSUR), and ASEAN free trade area (AFTA) agreements are considered. Three panels of countries are defined, where the members joined a specific agreement or not. Non‐Gulf Arab states are compared to better performing regions in Latin America and Southern and Eastern Asia. The analysis provides evidence that openness to foreign trade and financial markets are among the main catalysts to attract FDI , provided that business‐friendly institutions exist in the host country. Other variables, like the size of the industrial sector, urbanization rates, and external debt appear to be important in some cases. The integration of China into the world economy is a specific trigger for FDI to Asian destinations. Since RTA s influence the market size by reducing barriers to trade, their impact operates via GDP growth and openness. Gains from the agreement are striking for Latin America and Asia, but not for Arab states. To attract more FDI , business‐friendly institutional reforms and mechanisms to support new firm foundation should be implemented in this region.     

FDI对GDP增长的影响评价——基于山东省产业的实证研究

关于FDI对中国经济发展的贡献,引起了很大的关注。以山东省为考察对象,选用科学的模型和变量,定量分析FDI对不同产业GDP增长的贡献。分析结果证明,山东省利用FDI在不同产业取得了不同的效果,基于这一点,最后提出了今后在不同产业利用FDI的对策建议。     

Foreign Direct Investment,Financial Development and Their Impact on the GDP Growth in Low-income Countries

ABSTRACT

This essay empirically studies the effects and causal links between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD) and economic growth. The sample consists of the main economies of low-income countries and the study covers the period 1990–2015. The results of the estimate show that, under certain specific economic conditions, FDI affects positively the level of long-term economic growth; it thus makes it possible to improve the economic situation of these countries. Using Johansen’s cointegration technique, the results find that FD; FDI and GDP growth are cointegrated, that shows the pursuit of the long-term equilibrium relationship between them. The error correction model confirms the existence of a double causal relationship between FDI and GDP growth, and between FD and FDI and between GDP growth and FD.     

FDI and domestic investment in Germany: crowding in or out?

This paper estimates the effects of outward FDI on domestic business investment in Germany at the industry level for a panel of 19 industry and 10 services sectors. We pay particular attention to the different motivations behind FDI, and distinguish between FDI to high-versus low-wage countries, to Europe versus the rest of the world, and FDI in services and industry sectors.We find that, in industry, FDI to low-wage countries crowds out domestic investment, whereas FDI to high-wage countries outside Europe crowds in domestic investment. In services, FDI to Western Europe crowds in domestic investment.     

The determinants of foreign direct investment in Malaysia: A case for electrical and electronic industry

This study attempts to analyse the determinants of inward FDI in the electrical and electronic (E&E) industry in Malaysia using bounds test approach for the 1980–2008 period. It is found that GDP, real exchange rate, financial development, corporate income tax, macroeconomic uncertainty and social uncertainty factors significantly affect inward FDI in E&E sector in Malaysia. Empirical results indicate that GDP, real exchange rate, financial development and macroeconomic uncertainty are positively related to inward FDI in E&E sector in the long run. However, corporate income tax and social uncertainty have a negative impact on inward FDI in E&E sector. Furthermore, the Granger causality results also indicate that all explanatory variables Granger-cause FDI in the long-run, but in the short-run only macroeconomic and social uncertainties Granger-cause FDI. The impact of social uncertainty is found to be greater than macroeconomic uncertainty. Thus, foreign investors in E&E sector seem to be more concern about the level of social security and safety when choosing their investment destination.     

跨国公司生产性服务业FDI地理集聚因素研究——基于中国1997—2009年的数据分析

信息壁垒的存在及高质量服务购买时的经验性特征,使跨国公司生产性服务业FDI在最初进入时往往会追随制造业。实证研究表明:除了制造业FDI,生产性服务业FDI往往和东道国制造业表现出很大的关联度;一国受教育程度、开放度等都是影响因素之一;东道国生产性服务业种类的上升会降低东道国制造业的生产成本。     

Foreign direct investment in services and manufacturing productivity: Evidence for Chile

This paper examines the impact of substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in producer service sectors on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chilean manufacturing firms. Positive effects are obtained in firm fixed effects instrumental variables regressions and show that forward linkages from FDI in services explain 7% of the observed increase in Chile's manufacturing users' TFP. Our findings also suggest that service FDI fosters innovation activities in manufacturing. Moreover, we show that service FDI offers opportunities for laggard firms to catch up with industry leaders.     

结构变化、效率改进与能源需求预测——以中国电力行业为例

本文利用宏观经济学的方法提出一个长期电力需求模型以分析影响中国电力需求的主要因素。如预期的一样 ,当各种因素受市场力量的进一步约束时 ,影响需求的各项变量之间的关系在中国经济改革以后更加稳定也更为显著。一个误差修正模型为预测中国电力总需求的短期波动提供了适合的框架。 1 978年经济改革以后 ,需求的GDP弹性估计为 0 .8左右 ,低于改革前 (1 978年以前 )。结果表明 ,虽然GDP仍是影响电力需求的最重要因素 ,但电力需求与中国的结构变化及效率改进是负相关的。这意味着对于一个快速增长的经济来说 ,GDP的高速增长并不总是伴随着高的电力需求 ,并解释了为什么 1 998年经济增长率为 7 8% ,但电力消费却只增长了 2 8%。     

发展中国家外向型产业集群与跨国公司定位决策——以苏州IT业为例的实证研究

外商直接投资理论强调跨国公司的垄断优势和东道国的区位优势决定外商直接投资的区位分布,跨国公司的定位决策取决于因产业地理集群所形成的竞争优势.作者讨论发展中国家外向型产业集群的经济优势对跨国公司定位决策的影响,并采用1997～2004年苏州IT业数据建立回归模型,引入外资产业集群规模、平均工资及地区开放度等变量来研究影响跨国公司定位的因素.统计分析表明,内部联系较紧密的产业集群能够吸引更多的外商直接投资,前期已经存在的外商投资对于后进的投资者在同一地区定位起到了较强的诱导作用.     

中国服务业外商直接投资的区位选择因素分析

随着服务业开放程度的加深,服务业外商直接投资(FDI)流入的规模正在迅速增长。由于服务企业的经营活动具有自身的特点,其区位决策也必然不同于制造企业。文章试图从服务业的特征出发,探讨服务业跨国投资的区位选择动因,并在此基础上对服务业FDI在中国的区位影响因素进行实证检验。在前人研究的基础上,本文系统整理了服务业外商直接投资区位选择的影响因素,并建立了初步的理论分析框架,从需求因素、供给因素和市场环境因素三个方面分析服务业跨国公司的投资区位选择行为。随后,利用1998-2004年中国大陆15个省市的面板数据进行计量检验,结果发现:(1)从全国来看,基础设施和政府干预程度是影响我国服务业FDI区位选择的关键因素;(2)在东部地区,服务业FDI体现出较强的追随客户的特性,而中西部地区需要加大基础建设投资才能吸引更多的服务业FDI;(3)分时期的检验结果表明,服务业FDI追随客户的特性有逐渐加强的趋势。此外,服务业跨国公司在投资时一直对经济开放程度高的地区有所偏爱。     

Correlates of economic growth in developing countries: a panel cointegration approach

The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been found to play a crucial role in the economic growth of receiving countries. Using panel cointegration techniques, this perception was found to be mitigated by an empirical approach that yields different results from previous studies. While the growth in real FDI has an influence on real GDP growth across developing countries in the short-run, year-to-year periods, it does not explain real GDP in the long-run. Rather, it appears to be the economic factors internal to a country that have the most influence on real GDP over time: human capital (measured by literacy rates), export trade, and monetary and fiscal policy.     

Expectations and the Dynamic Feedback between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth

This paper seeks to analyze the dynamic feedback between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth – larger FDI promotes higher GDP, while higher GDP can be achieved with higher levels of FDI. We use panels and a sample of 19 Latin American countries to estimate a dynamic FDI and a dynamic GDP equation that jointly characterize the evolution of both variables. We find that the dynamics of GDP and FDI are mostly driven by the expectations. Shocks of GDP or FDI were found to play no role affecting the dynamics.     

The determinants of economic growth of transition economies: Economic reform versus initial conditions

Abstract

This study analyzes factors for economic recovery of transition economies in Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States for the period of the 1990s. Covariance structure analysis is employed to estimate the structural equation system, and exploratory factor analysis is conducted to measure initial conditions and economic policy as latent variables. The result of analysis shows that the effect of initial conditions is negative and the impact of economic reform on growth is positive. However, the negative effect of initial conditions had overridden the positive impact of economic policy as of 2000. The reason that transition economies could not recover their pre-transition GDP level (even after ten years of transition history) seems to stem from the negative influence of initial conditions on growth rather than the slow speed of economic reform.     

Causal relationship between apparel exports and macroeconomic factors

Apparel exports make a significant contribution to economic growth in major apparel exporting economies such as Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between apparel export growth and its determinants such as GDP growth, infrastructure, financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI) and labour productivity using panel data from 11 major apparel exporting countries for the period 1996 to 2013. The results confirm a long-run equilibrium association among the variables and reveal that GDP growth, infrastructure, financial development, FDI, and labour productivity have a significant positive influence on apparel export growth. Furthermore, the heterogeneous panel non-causality test results suggest that GDP growth, infrastructure and labour productivity contribute to apparel export growth in the short-run. These findings have several policy implications for the governments of the countries under study.     

外商直接投资对武汉区域经济的影响分析

以中国中部省会城市武汉市为例,对外商直接投资的投向产业、投资方式与国内生产总值的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明武汉市的外商直接投资与国内生产总值之间存在显著的正相关关系,并且外商直接投资是国内生产总值的葛兰杰原因。特别是投向第二产业和第三产业的外商直接投资和采用外资企业形式的外商直接投资对国内生产总值增长有显著正影响。     

江浙沪地区FDI与城市化关系初探——基于2009年横截面数据的分析

2009年江浙沪地区城市化率与FDI、人均GDP、第三产业比重等变量的横截面数据,显示了外商直接投资与城市化的运行轨迹。据此对FDI和其他因素与城市化的关系作了线性回归分析,并实际测算了FDI对该区域城市化的贡献。结果表明,外商直接投资对江浙沪地区城市化的贡献是显著的,但其显著程度不及第三产业比重和人均GDP对城市化的影响。     

中国财政竞争与地方公共支出结构分析

This article examines the impact of intergovernmental fiscal competition on local public expenditure in China under current performance assessment system in which GDP is a critical factor. First, we present the assignment of public goods and tax burden and the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) of 30 provinces, and we find that current fiscal competition in China has taken the form of public expenditure improvement accompanied by preferential tax policies. Second, we regress the share of FDI on different components of provincial public expenditure, and find that the share of FDI is correlated negatively with the public service, tax burden and health care service while positively with infrastructure development. Therefore, FDI-based infrastructural investment crowds out public services investment, which fails to support the view that fiscal competition improves social welfares.