Money demand stability: Evidence from Spain

Using several tests for structural stability in regressions with I(1) variables and for the existence of cointegration in models with regime shifts, the empirical evidence on the existence of a structural break in the Spanish long-run demand for broad money (ALP2) is analysed.The results indicate that shifts affecting the demand for ALP2 in recent years have substantially altered its long-run properties. As to the cause of this structural break, emphasis is placed on the role played by the increasing openness of the Spanish financial system to international markets as obstacles to free capital movements have progressively disappeared.This paper represents the views of the author and should not be interpreted as reflecting those of any institution. I am grateful to J. Ayuso, J. J. Dolado, F. Restoy and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. The data may be obtained from the internet, http://wotan.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/oekonometric/engl/data.html. This paper was written while the author was working at the Banco de España.     

Regime shifts in the Danish term structure of interest rates

Within a bivariate VAR model allowing for two-state Markov regime switching we test and evaluate the Expectations Theory (ET) of the term structure using Danish 1- and 3-months interest rates covering the period 1976–1997. A regime-shift approach is used in order to account for the change in monetary policy and the 1992–93 exchange rate crises that occured during this period. The basic findings are that these episodes did change the term structure, and, although we do find departures from the ET, several of the implications of the theory are consistent with the data, especially in the later part of the sample. First version received: June 1997/Final version received: March 1998     

Pitfalls in estimates of the relationship between stock returns and inflation

Empirical tests of the Fisher hypothesis give conflicting results, regardless of whether income growth is accommodated in the estimates. This paper shows theoretically and empirically that standard methods of testing the Fisher hypothesis give biased results and that the bias depends on the specification of the Fisher equation, the process governing inflation, measurement of inflation expectations, and the time aggregation of the data. Alternative tests show that share markets take several years to adjust to innovations in inflation and therefore that the Fisher hypothesis cannot be maintained. Helpful comments and suggestions from Hans Christian Kongsted, Darrel Turkington and seminar participants at the University of Western Australia, and University of Konstanz and, particularly, two referees, are gratefully acknowledged.     

Consumption and disposable income in the EU countries: the role of wealth effects

We investigate the long run relationship between private consumption and disposable income for a sample of EU countries using recently developed panel cointegration techniques. For the ordinary consumption-income model the evidence on cointegration is ambiguous. In addition, the cointegration vector obtained by efficient estimation methods is not consistent with theoretical reasoning, as it reflects a decline in the savings rate over time. Extending the analysis by financial wealth improves the model fit markedly. In particular, the income elasticity is not different from 1 and therefore in line with the life cycle permanent income hypothesis. The marginal propensity to consume out of financial wealth is in a range of 3–5%, thereby confirming recent time series results.     

金融资产是否具有通胀对冲功能——基于费雪假说的理论与实证述评

介绍国际上股票、商品和黄金等金融资产收益与通货膨胀之间费雪关系的研究经验。一般来说,在长期,股票、商品和黄金收益与通货膨胀正相关,纯粹的货币增长不会侵蚀股票等金融资产实际价值。然而在短期(1年以内),问题则变得非常难解,实证结果往往取决于数据集的特征,比如通胀的度量、时间序列的频度、不同的国家以及使用何种计量方法。     

Simple Statistical Tests Used in Positive Accounting Research： a Thing to be Noted

This paper is concerned with the right use of simple hypothesis tests in the area of positive accounting research. Both the usefulness and the limitations of the technique are dealt with in detail.     

能源循环利用的制度安排与经济的和谐增长——基于政府的机制设计

随着经济的高速增长.我国已经成为全球名列前茅的能耗大国,而近年来世界能源价格普遍上涨使得长期以来处于粗放型增长阶段的我国工业生产逐渐面临能源瓶颈。以高能耗为代价的产值增长不符合科学发展观的要求,也不利于经济保持长期增长的活力。本文通过建立计量模型研究发现,我国工业企业并没有足够的自主激励进行提高能源利用效率的技术投入,进而应用机制设计理论建立博弈模型分析了政府在激励企业加大能源循环利用的技术投入、实现经济的和谐增长过程中所应进行的制度安排。     

Stock prices, inflation and output: Evidence from wavelet analysis

The negative relationship between real stock return and inflation puzzled many as it contradicts conventional Fisherian wisdom. Fama [Fama, E.F. (1981), “Stock returns, real activity, inflation and money”, American Economic Review, 71(September), 545–564.] gave an explanation for this negative relationship with two propositions that links real stock return and inflation through real output. This study revisits Fama's hypothesis for India in the post-liberalized period from a developing country perspective. Examining this relationship on the time-scale decomposition from a wavelet multi-resolution analysis suggests that Fama's hypothesis holds only for the long time scale and remains as a puzzle for the other time scales.     

中国经济增长与煤炭消费结构的关系

基于对我国煤炭供需的基本分析,本文运用协整理论和误差修正模型建立中国煤炭消费的结构需求模型,并将中国煤炭消费的长期均衡引入到短期预测,从而得到经济增长的总量仍然在较大程度上依赖于煤炭资源的消耗.然而,从得到的误差修正模型来看,第二产业在煤炭消费上呈现出集约化和利用效率提高的趋势.利用格兰杰因果关系检验证实了以上结论.     

Are the markets for financial assets efficient? : Evidence for the USA, 1974–1988

The analysis in this paper addresses the efficient markets hypothesis as it pertains to the markets for financial assets. Both weak form efficiency and semistrong form efficiency are investigated for three different financial assets - common stocks, preferred stocks and government bonds. For these assets the markets are indicated to be weak form efficient based on monthly data covering the period January 1974 to June 1988. In the case of semistrong form efficiency, the financial assets markets are efficient with respect to the supply of money for the period after October 1979 but not before. This anomaly is attributed to the different procedures used by the Federal Open Market Committee between the two periods for controlling the growth rate of the money supply.     

长株潭地区金融发展与经济增长关系的实证研究

采用协整检验和因果检验对长株潭地区金融发展与经济增长之间的关系进行了实证研究。检验结果表明长株潭地区的贷款增长率与中介效率增长率对经济增长具有正向促进作用,但是中介效率增长率对经济增长的促进作用不显著;贷款增长率与经济增长率之间具有双向因果关系。在实证研究的基础上,提出了相关的结论和建议。     

Trade-threshold Effect on Inflation in Tunisia: New Evidence Resulting from a Nonlinear Approach

Trade openness is an important determinant of the inflation process. The effect of trade openness on inflation, however, is still an issue of debate at both theoretical and empirical levels. This study tried to provide a contribution to the literature by examining the relationship between inflation and trade openness in Tunisia over the period 1975Q1-2015Q4 using a nonlinear model. The originality of this study stems from the fact that it is the first investigation considering both the Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models with the Regime Shifts and Threshold Regression model. The linear model confirms the existence of a positive relationship between inflation and trade in Tunisia. Yet, considering the nonlinear model, trade openness growth and Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation growth show a statistically significant negative link as long as the trade openness evolution does not exceed the threshold. Nevertheless, if the trade openness growth is higher than the threshold, integrating the trade positively affects CPI inflation. Furthermore, a positive influence of Money supply growth on this type of inflation was noticed in Tunisia in all the considered regimes proving the effect of monetary factors on inflation level. Consequently, trade openness could be used to control inflation in Tunisia.