High skills pay off: the changing wage structure during economic transition in Poland

Economic transition turns the inherited wage structure upside down. Changes are rapid and dramatic. The Polish example shows that even in the first year of market-oriented reforms, there was a marked increase in earnings inequality, a dramatic rise in the wage premium for white-collar skills, and a significant jump in the returns to education. In contrast, skills acquired under the old system lost their value. It is younger workers who are rewarded with higher wages. The changes are spearheaded by the private sector, where inequalities and the educational premium are higher than in the public sector. Privatization, thus, has its social aspects in that it strengthens the incentive for human capital investment. This paper documents these changes and sets out possible explanations.     

台湾公益彩券盈余配额公平性之探讨

本研究收集台湾省2007年1月至2009年5月公益彩券营业报告数据,运用Excel软件内键函数追行统计分析,研究主轴是要探讨各县市获得彩券盈余补助款的公平性．研究结果发现各县市民聚“购买彩券总金额”与“分得盈余补助总金额”两者仅部分相关,但是民泉“平均购买彩券金额”与“平均获得盈余补助金额”两者呈现不相关,换言之多购买彩券县市的民众未必能多获得补助款,彩券计算公式权数不公允,致使同为台湾省国民却有不同之公益补助款。公益补助款关系着地方民众生活质量,以租税公平角度而言,享有基本额度补助款是每位国民都可提出的正当要求,但依据本研究分析结果,发现差距颇大,其中以彰化县民众最为吃亏,综合研究结果,本研究建议公益彩券计算公式有必要进一步修正与改追。     

International co-movements of real and financial economic variables

This study presents a first attempt at investigating whether the international co-movements of real economic activity conform to the same international co-movements of financial activity. This study tests the international co-movements of real economic activity, on the one hand, and financial variables such as stock returns, interest rates, inflation rates and risk premiums, on the other hand. We employ a dynamic correlation model on data from OECD countries for the period 1980–2010. Our findings demonstrate that international stock markets co-react in accordance with the underlying international economic forces. We also document three other results. First, the correlation among countries with respect to real economic activity is statistically positive, but the level of this correlation is lower than that of financial variables. Second, there is a significant increase over time in the international correlation level with respect to the financial variables. Finally, the creation of the Euro Monetary Union and the adoption of an inflation targeting policy in many countries have increased the international correlation of all of the financial variables tested. The article concludes with two implications from these findings: (1) predictions in the context of international portfolio diversification, and (2) policy making at the fiscal and monetary levels.     

Optimal Product Variety and Economic Growth: The Trade-off between Internal and External Economies of Scale

Received July 17, 2000; revised version received February 1, 2001     

因子分析在辽宁省工业企业经济效益综合评价上的应用

因子分析是从多个变量指标中,选择出少数几个综合变量的一种降维统计方法.利用多元统计中的因子分析方法,应用SPSS统计分析软件,从多个与工业企业经济效益相关的指标中筛选了几个代表性的指标,对辽宁省内各城市工业企业经济效益进行综合分析、评价,并对因子的经济含义作了解释,最后运用因子得分法对各个城市的工业企业实力进行了排序.这样不仅了解各城市间企业在行业中的地位及薄弱环节,也为政府决策提供重要依据.     

论西斯蒙第为了所有人生活福利的经济伦理思想

西斯蒙第作为西方经济思想发展史上第一个强调以人为本的经济学家,主张政治经济学应该是研究人们福利的科学。在他看来,经济学的研究目的是为了人,为了人的生活福利;不仅如此,西斯蒙第认为经济学不能只考虑少数人的致富问题,更要关注大多数、乃至所有人的福利问题。西斯蒙第为了所有人生活福利的经济伦理思想对中国当前落实以人为本的科学发展观,构建和谐社会具有重要的现实启示。     

从企业投资效率看盈余管理的经济后果——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

文章以2005--2009年沪深两市上市公司为样本,从投资效率的角度检验了中国现实制度背景下盈余管理的经济后果。研究发现,企业盈余管理程度与未来投资效率显著负相关,上市公司盈余管理程度越高,其未来投资效率越低。文章由此得出结论：盈余管理不仅可能误导外部投资者的判断和决策,也对企业的内部决策产生了不利影响,损害了市场资源的有效配置,因此必须采取措施抑制企业的盈余管理行为。     

中国经济波动可预测性的福利分析

使用一阶自回归随机过程来描述中国的消费波动,并重新估算经济波动福利成本和经济增长福利成本,研究结果表明,经济波动的福利成本和消费波动的可预测性是正相关的,并且在一阶自回归假设条件下计算出的福利成本略低于独立同分布情形。     

Social incidence and economic costs of carbon limits

This paper discusses both distributional and allocational effects of limiting carbon dioxide emissions in a small and open economy. It starts from the assumption that Switzerland attempts to stabilize its greenhouse gas emissions over the next 25 years, and evaluates costs and benefits of the respective reduction program. From a methodological viewpoint, this paper illustrates, how a computable general equilibrium approach can be adopted for identifying economic effects of cutting greenhouse gas emissions on the national level. From a political economy point of view it considers the social incidence of a greenhouse policy. It shows in particular that public acceptance can be increased and economic costs of greenhouse policies can be reduced, if carbon taxes are accompanied by revenue redistribution.     

土地政策调整对经济发展和社会福利的影响

构建了一个土地对社会福利影响的分析模型,并用天津市的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：（1）政府对于土地供应量的控制减少了均衡资本量;（2）严格的土地政策会使单位资本产生的福利量减少;（3）土地政策的适时调整能使经济发展沿着社会福利最大化的路径发展。因此,土地政策的制定应该以社会需求为导向,并通过适时调整以实现社会福利最大化。     

和谐社会的经济学分析

和谐社会构建过程中的公平与效率、选择与激励、资源配置的社会价值总量最大化与社会福利最大化的平衡与协调等问题体现着广大人民群众的根本利益,因此,从经济学的角度上来讲,构建和谐社会就要在实现资源优化配置基础上的社会价值生产总量最大化的同时,实现社会整体福利的最大化。     

中国经济增长模式演进的就业效应

自20世纪90年代初期以来,中国经济从原来的劳动密集的增长模式转变为资本深化的增长模式。前一种增长模式能够实现产出和就业的双重增长,缺陷在于劳动报酬增长滞后于产出增长;后一种增长模式能够促进产出增长和劳动报酬的提高,缺陷是创造就业的能力表现不足。但从现实性来考虑,后一种模式比前一种模式更具可行性。