美国金融监管改革法案及其对中国的启示

2010年7月,美国出台了意在重塑其金融监管体系、重振其金融竞争力的金融监管改革法案,这将是影响全球金融体系重构的重要变革。该法案对美国金融业和监管架构及全球金融监管改革方向都将产生深远影响。该法案对中国金融监管的启示是:应寻求金融监管与市场力量的动态平衡,在重视防范系统性金融风险的同时,构建宏观审慎监管与微观审慎监管相结合的监管体系,加强对金融消费者的保护,并以客观审慎的态度开展金融综合经营。     

美国国立科研机构资源配置机制及其启示

美国国立科研机构主要是由政府出资设立的科研机构,包括国有国营和国有民营两种。美国国立科研机构是政府研发经费配置的重要载体,得到政府稳定的机构性经费支持,还得到科技计划的经费支持。我国应充分借鉴美国国立科研机构的运作及经费配置方式,在建立较为完善的国立科研机构体系基础上,加强宏观科技资源的统筹协调配置。     

老年社会福利制度:补缺模式与机制模式的比较——以美国和瑞典为例

随着老龄化速度加快、高龄化程度加深,老年社会福利问题愈加凸显.美国、瑞典等国家普遍较早地进入人口老龄化社会,在积极应对老龄化、提供完善的老年社会福利服务方面做出了许多有益的探索.在老年社会福利的发展和改革中,有很多一致性内容和特点,足以体现国际老年社会福利服务体系的发展趋势.本文运用比较分析的方法,重点对两个国家的人口老龄化情况、老年社会福利制度立法情况、养老服务模式和老年福利服务递送机制进行比较分析,总结其重要特征以对中国老年社会福利服务建设提供借鉴.提出我国需要培育发展型的老年社会福利政策理念,加快建设以居家养老为重点的养老服务体系,完善制度建设,形成全社会共同参与的老年社会福利服务递送机制.     

美国次贷危机的成因及对我们的警示

美国次贷危机对全球金融业及股市造成的波动仍在继续，并对全球经济带来即期和潜在影响。文章结合次贷危机的成因，分析了我国房地产贷款的现状，相应提出若干应时性建议。     

The U.S. Banking and Corporate Structure: Some Implications for Industrial Policy

This paper argues that a fundamental aspect of the process of financialization is the transformation and evolution of certain key institutions. In national spaces, these include those that play essential roles in financing economic activity, such as the central bank and the commercial banking sector, and also the institutions that determine the quantity and form of public expenditure. In Latin American countries, these changes have reduced the possibilities of national authorities to influence financial processes.     

Pricing Implications of U.S.' International Settlements Policy

This paper investigates the impact of the U.S.' policy of proportionate return of inbound traffic (PRP) on the prices of outbound U.S. international calls. A quantity-setting model is used to reflect the strategic importance of quantity as a choice variable under PRP. With competitive U.S. carriers, the PRP reduces the total effective costs to U.S. carriers by preventing whipsawing of U.S. carriers by the foreign monopoly carrier—thereby lowering prices. But, the PRP is not effective in lowering prices if U.S. carriers collude. The analysis has important implications for the recent U.S. reform of the International Settlements Policy.     

从美国BIT范本最新修改谈对我国的启示

在经历了为期三年的审查程序后,美国于2012年4月公布了新的双边投资条约范本（以下简称BIT范本）。范本公布之后,中美也开始了进行新一轮BIT谈判。文章从2012年美国BIT范本修正重点和修正方向出发,强调我国应当谨慎对待“投资”定义和投资自由化、积极制定中国版本BIT范本,以期对我国未来参与FTA或与美国BIT谈判有所贡献。     

美国大学校园遗产保护的体系化经验及 启示

大学校园遗产作为一种专类遗产，其保护体系建设 是实现校园遗产法治化、科学化、规范化管理的关键。目前， 中国尚未正式出台任何专类遗产保护标准。因此，如何实现与 现行历史保护大系统“嫁接”，完善自身体系构建，是校园遗 产体系化建设的关键问题。而21世纪初，美国校园遗产面临 类似问题，却在国家、高校以及社会机构的共同努力下，最终 形成一套“政策-研究-实践”相互融合的保护体系，其成功 经验具有较高借鉴价值。回溯美国校园遗产保护的历史进程， 从“价值观念”“保护方法”“管理机制”3个维度剖析其体 系构成。最后，针对国内大学校园遗产保护体系建设的现实 问题，提出5点启示：1)丰富校园遗产保护的尺度层级；2)提 升历史景观概念的法定地位；3)确定校园遗产评估的价值等 级；4)集成校园遗产保护的技术标准；5)建立校园遗产档案 专职管理机构。     

美国经济崛起过程中的城市化及对中国的启示

纵观美国经济崛起历程,经济快速增长期与城市化加快推进期同步,即城市化与工业化高度协调,城市化从早期发展小城镇到大城市进而再向城市群(带)、城市精明增长方向演变,基础设施与公共服务在城市间均衡发展,这些都是美国崛起的关键所在。进入大国博弈新时代,我国也将进入新型城镇化建设的关键期,应积极借鉴其发展经验,逐步解决城镇化与工业化不协调、城镇化发展滞后问题,加快解决地区、城乡、城镇之间基础设施和公共服务不均衡问题,在资源高度稀缺的条件下尽早实施城镇"精明增长"计划。     

Welfare under friction and uncertainty: General equilibrium evaluation of temporary employment in the U.S.

Temporary contracts usually fall outside of employee protection litigation, thus they are often cheaper than permanent contracts and are offered on-demand by firms. In the last two decades, there has been a sharp growth in such contracts in the U.S. labor market. This paper investigates the welfare consequences of offering temporary contracts in the U.S., an environment with low employee protection litigation and high production risk for firms. Employee protection litigation creates firing rigidity in regular labor markets. Pairing firing rigidity with high production risk, firms reduce employment and output, which generates welfare loss. The inexpensive and flexible nature of temporary contracts offers firms a buffer strategy in making employment decisions under risk and navigating the firing rigidity of the regular labor sector, thereby reducing welfare loss. However, temporary contracts cannot fully compensate for the efficiency cost from rising firing rigidity and risk.     

美元本位制、美元霸权与美国金融危机

美元本位制下,美元霸权表现为中心一外围框架体系.在该体系下,中心国美国与外围国家的权益和义务不对称,地位不对等,而且框架体系本身具有内在的不相容性,这些特征决定了美元本位制的内在脆弱性,由此也使美国落入美元本位制的陷阱,造成美国国内利率下降、消费信用过度扩张、制造业陷入衰退等经济失衡,最后当信用泡沫破灭时,金融危机爆发.     

The Welfare Effects of U.S. Most-Favored-Nation Tariff Treatment of Exports From China: An Empirical Inquiry *

This Study provides estimates of the elasticities of the U.S. import demand for Chinese goods and of China's export supply to he U.S. and China of granting Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) tariff treatment for China's exports. In general, if Washington denies MFN status to Beijing, Sino-American commercial as well as political relations world be seriously harmed. [F13, F14]     

U.S. farm dynamics and the distribution of U.S. agricultural subsidies

The persistent instability of the agricultural sector is the fundamental premise of most agricultural policy. Yet no research has ever quantified the aggregate dynamics of individual farms in the US. This article is the first to combine the US Census of Agriculture with the Agricultural Resource Management Survey to observe the dynamics of nearly 1.5 million farms. The data reveal substantial variation in farm size expansion and contraction. Most of this variation is unobservable in the sector totals reported by the US Department of Agriculture each year. The distribution of agricultural subsidies suggests that subsidies become more important as farms get smaller and may play a role in slowing farm size contraction.     

美国预算和财政管理改革的演进及对中国的启示

一直以来,美国公共预算和财政管理的改革都是务实的、政治的、演进的,有时也不乏创新性。通过对美国公共预算和财政管理改革的历史进行回顾,可以得出一个理解公共预算和财政管理改革的理论框架,这将有助于理解美国现行预算和财政制度体系。这些改革经验对于包括中国在内的世界各国均具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。     

The U.S. immigration crisis

A review of the factors affecting immigration to the United States is presented. The authors develop the argument that present levels of immigration, particularly illegal immigration, are detrimental to U.S. interests, and that current global population trends will make this situation progressively worse. Stricter controls on immigration are considered.     

Assessing the Welfare Impact of Tax Reform: A Case Study of the 2001 U.S. Tax Cut

This note acknowledges a programming error in our paper, “Assessing the Welfare Impact of Tax Reform: A Case Study of the 2001 U.S. Tax Cut” (Review of Income and Wealth, 58(2), 233–56, 2012). Correcting the error primarily has the effect of scaling the calculated family welfare impact of 2001 U.S. Tax Cut. The primary conclusions from the analysis, however, are unaffected.     

The Welfare Economics of Water Resource Allocation over Time

An operational stochastic capacity expansion model for a survival conscious firm is developed and applied to shrimp fishing in which the entrepreneur evaluates all the information known to him at the time of decision. The results show the effect of survival considerations on the growth in net worth of a firm making sequential and irreversible purchases of physical capital with uncertain future yields. The survival model is applied to shrimp fishing on the Texas Gulf Coast and the reults are compared with those of a simple model in which survival is not considered. Bankruptcy could clearly result from use of the simple model; survival of the firm is guaranteed by use of the survival model.