The Demand for Constitutional Law

A growing concern in transition economies is the gap between the law on the books and the law in practice. The existence of such a gap has long been recognized even in countries with a long legal tradition and where, by and large, the formal law seems to be observed. In transition economies as well as in many emerging markets and developing countries, this gap appears to be especially pronounced. This paper argues that an explanation for this phenomenon can be found in the process of law development in these countries. They have extensively imported law from other countries in an attempt to stage a catch-up in legal development. This was facilitated by foreign legal advisors preaching the existence and transferability of best practice in other parts of the world. The missing link in this equation has been the demand for law. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of the demand for law in the context of evolving Russian constitutional law drawing extensively from research on legal transplants and the lack of demand for law in other areas of the law.     

Family expenditure data,heteroscedasticity and the Law of Demand

This paper presents some results of a data analysis of Family Expenditure Surveys for the United Kingdom and France. It is shown that these data sets exhibit characteristic features that we call “increasing spread” and “increasing dispersion”. Statistical tools used for analysing the data are discussed. They are based on concepts from non-parametric regression and average derivative estimation. One can show that increasing dispersion supports the weak axiom of revealed preferences of the market demand function. Increasing spread provides empirical evidence for the Law of Demand.     

供需平衡规律作用的再认识

前不久 ,我参加了由广东省委组织部、广东省委党校组织的广东省大型国有企业高层管理人员培训班 ,赴美国培训和考察。虽然时间短 ,培训考察的深度和广度有一定限制 ,但是身临其境实地培训考察 ,印象更深 ,触动更大。尤其是对供需平衡规律作用的问题 ,透过所见所闻 ,深化了认识。１创新供给 ,实现需求我们所到的大跨国公司 ,如麦当劳、西门子、美国联合航空、摩托罗拉、英特尔等公司 ,虽然授课的内容各有侧重 ,但都给人一个强烈的感觉 :争夺需求。他们一刻也离不开社会需求 ,如果市场对他们的产品和服务严重缺乏需求 ,再大的公司也会陷入危机…     

我国循环经济执法保障:现状、需求与对策

我国在循环经济执法过程中存在法律法规执法不具有现实操作性、执法主体林立多头、执法权力没有法律保障等问题。面对完善循环经济法律法规体系、强制权力、公众参与的循环经济执法需求,文章分析了循环经济执法现状与需求存在差距的原因,提出了加大循环经济宣传力度、提高全社会参与意识,提高执法队伍的思想素质和业务素质,明确执法部门权限、改革执法体制等对策建议。     

On the Behavioral Foundations of the Law of Supply and Demand: Human Convergence and Robot Randomness

This research builds on the work of D.K. Gode and Shyam Sunder who demonstrated the existence of a strong relationship between market institutions and the ability of markets to seek equilibrium—even when the agents themselves have limited intelligence and behave with substantial randomness. The question posed is whether or not market institutions account for the operation of the law of supply and demand in markets populated by humans with no role required of human rationality. Are institutions responsible for the operations of the law of supply and demand or are behavioral principles also at work? Experiments with humans and simulations with robots both conducted in conditions in which major institutional and structural aids to convergence were removed, produced clear answers. Human markets converge, while robot markets do not. The structural and institutional features certainly facilitate convergence under conditions of substantial irrationality, but they are not necessary for convergence in markets in which agents have the rationality of humans.     

马克思关于供求决定价格规律的假意识性质的交叉科学诠释

新古典经济学认为,价格由供求决定是达到资源最优配置的必要条件。可是,从交叉科学的观点看,新古典经济学的资源配置的优化性是有限的,因为在不利的工资-私人利润比率条件下,最广大人民群众的消费组合的优化性没有什么意义。而从数学的观点看,所谓供求决定价格是一个伪命题,供求均衡的条件最多不过是规定了一个对应关系,它无法决定价格;价格是由其他变量决定的。对于处于转型期的国家而言,价格是首先由社会根本制度决定的。社会根本制度是因,而价格水平是果。由此,我们论证了马克思在100多年前提出的供求决定价格规律假意识性质理论命题的科学性。     

浅析网络侵权案件中管辖权的确认问题

详细分析了网络侵权对传统的国际私法管辖权原则的挑战，并尝试着结合有关的司法实践对网络侵权案件中管辖权的确认问题进行了探讨。     

重视研究“违法”与“违纪”的界限认定

违反党纪、政纪、政策、规章称“违纪”，应给予党纪、政纪处分，而违反法律、法规，统称“违法”，则要受法律处理。然而，在新形势下，我们也遇到对违法与违纪的界限难以认定的新问题。     

创设违宪审查制度的本土基础

是否创设违宪制度，就必须考量这一制度在价值取向上与中国现行制度系统及其价值有无内在的一致性。另外，也必须考量在社会上有无创设这一制度的需求及其实益，毕竟作为一种集体选择活动，制度变迁只能在预期收益大于预期成本时才会发生。在我国创设违宪审查制度的内生因素业已生成，创设这一制度的本土基础是具备的。     

基于心理契约违背的顾客行为

基于营销学领域的心理契约理论,界定了顾客心理契约违背的内涵。以餐饮业为例,实证检验了顾客心理契约违背与顾客感知自身义务、抱怨行为倾向和转换意向之间的关系。研究结果表明:顾客心理契约违背对顾客的自身义务感知、直接抱怨倾向、间接抱怨倾向、私下抱怨倾向、第三方抱怨和转换意向等具有负向影响。     

经济利益背景下的侵犯知识产权犯罪刍议

知识产权制度的产生存在着深刻的利益背景,侵犯知识产权犯罪是利益权衡下的结果。法网的相对严密并不意味着侵犯知识产权犯罪就可以得到有效制止,控制这种犯罪行为的制度设计,应当是能促使市场主体为了自身的最大利益理性地选择尊重知识产权。从本源上控制犯罪的发生,保证在侵权后犯罪人能够受到法律迅疾且严厉的惩罚才是解决问题的关键。     

上市公司违规动因研究——基于管理层权力理论视角

本文基于上市公司管理层权力理论视角,对2006～2009年间受到中国证监会或交易所处罚的违规上市公司进行实证分析,探讨高管人员薪酬、薪酬-业绩敏感性与公司违规行为之间的关系.研究发现,高管薪酬与公司违规发生概率之间存在负相关关系,过低的年度薪酬会增加公司违规的概率;与配比公司相比,业绩较差的违规公司有着较低的高管薪酬-业绩敏感性,高管可以依据公司的业绩选择利已的薪酬-业绩敏感性.     

生物间相互影响致害法律规制研究

一起典型的生物间相互影响致害案件的出现突显了我国现行相关法律尤其是侵权法拓展的现实需要.文章通过对生物间相互影响致害的法律特征剖析,从担责主体、归责原则、责任形态、责任承担方式等方面对这一法律制度进行架构,主张将惩罚性损害赔偿引入该制度中.     

货币需求弹性决定因素的实证研究

文章从企业和家庭层面的货币需求异质性,对传统货币需求函数进行修正,分析货币需求收入弹性和利率弹性的决定因素。实证结果表明,产业结构和经济开放度不但直接影响货币需求规模,而且通过货币需求弹性间接影响货币需求的变化,产业结构主要对货币需求收入弹性显著影响,而经济开放度对货币需求收入弹性和利率弹性均有显著影响。产业结构升级将弱化对货币需求收入弹性的影响,而加剧对货币需求规模的影响。经济开放度对货币需求的影响将逐渐由正转负,并最终导致货币需求下降。     

扩内需背景下投资需求影响因素实证分析——以1979—2009年为例

投资需求是内需的重要组成部分。基于扩大内需的现实背景,运用1979—2009年的宏观数据,从国内市场角度实证分析了中国投资需求的主要影响因素。结果发现,从全国范围来看,只有产出对投资需求存在显著的正向影响,消费、物价水平和利率水平的影响却并不显著;而对以浙江省为代表的东部发达地区来说,除利率变量之外,产出、消费、物价水平都与投资需求存在显著的正相关关系;全国与浙江省投资需求影响因素的差异也在一定程度上反映了收入差距、市场化水平与投资结构等因素会对投资需求的形成产生潜在的间接影响。     

充分发挥消费需求的拉动作用

需求是经济增长的根本动力 ,启动消费是关系到“建设社会主义新社会的本质要求”的大问题。我国近年来消费需求不旺的主要原因是大部分居民收入水平偏低 ,商品供给方面也存在问题。住房、农村家电、轿车、信息与网络、旅游、文教等消费已经或正在成为我国的消费热点。进一步扩大消费需求 ,需要提高职工工资和农民收入 ,大力发展消费信贷 ,增加消费品的有效供给。     

Colonization and the Rule of Law: Comparing the Effectiveness of Common Law and Civil Law Countries

The rule of law is one of the most important components of any explanation of cross-national differences in economic well-being. But what leads to better rule of law in a country? Using an institutional approach this paper probes the effect of legal systems in influencing the rule of law. There has long been speculation that the countries adopting English common law are better at providing legal dispute resolution than those adopting the continental forms of civil law. That speculative assessment is found to be true only in those countries that have been colonized, further analysis demonstrates that it is the effectiveness of the protection of property rights in common law systems rather than the institutions themselves that influence rule of law statistics. The paper calls for a more refined examination of legal systems which takes into consideration whether law is organically developed or transplanted.     

我国外需与内需对经济拉动的失衡探析

外需与内需拉动失衡的主要原因在于出口导向政策数十年不变、国际产业转移推动我国外贸出口的发展以及传统经济增长模式的根本影响。该文针对外需与内需拉动失衡的现象与原因,提出以下矫正二者失衡的路径:摒弃传统的经济增长模式,加强自主创新,提升经济增长质量;实行稳步对外开放政策,增强外贸资源的合理配置,保证适度的外需拉动力;从分配源头入手,积极拉动居民消费需求;加强公共财政建设,推进公共消费水平提升。