缔约过失责任的价值思考与制度完善

本文以缔约过失责任的理论基础为着手点,分析缔约过失责任存在的理论基础,并结合缔约过失责任理论与制度产生于对缔约过失事实的研讨和规制这一事实本身,就缔约过失责任的理论基础、契约自由、人性与正义等方面予以分析,并对我国缔约过失责任的立法现状进行评述,提出了设立缔约过失责任的立法方案。     

浅谈缔约过失责任

本文拟从缔约过失责任的理论基础着手,对缔约过失责任作一研讨。对完善我国合同理论及立法中缔约过失责任制度提出了自己的见解,以求在司法实践中正确适用缔约过失责任。     

缔约过失责任论

缔约过失责任制度是合同法现代化发展的一个重要标志。对缔约过失理论的讨论有利于正确把握和运用这一理论。本文介绍了缔约过失责任的发展历史,探讨了缔约过失责任的理论基础,并对缔约过失责任进行了法律定义,界定了其赔偿范围,最后结合我国有关缔约过失责任的立法,对其的进一步完善提出自己的一点建议。     

论缔约过失责任

缔约过失责任是对处在缔约过程中的双方当事人信赖利益的保护,是诚实信用原则在缔约过程中的适用。我国《合同法》规定了缔约过失责任,完善了我国的合同责任制度。缔约过失责任是一种赔偿责任,是缔约一方当事人对他方信赖利益损失的赔偿,但只有在符合承担缔约过失责任的构成要件时,缔约当事人才能承担缔约过失赔偿责任。     

浅谈合同缔约过失责任

本文在简要阐述了承担缔约过失责任的几种情形之后,阐述了缔约过失责任与其他的相关法律责任的区别,提出了缔约过失所应承担的具体责任。     

浅谈合同缔约过失责任

本文在简要阐述了承担缔约过失责任的几种情形之后,阐述了缔约过失责任与其他的相关法律责任的区别,提出了缔约过失所应承担的具体责任。     

浅议合同法中的缔约过失责任

缔约过失责任,又称先契约责任,有的学者直接称为缔约过失。随着时间的推移,这一理论已逐渐完善,并为各国判例、立法所肯定。虽然我国民法通则和合同法均未规定缔约过失责任的具体概念,但我国现行《合同法》也以一般规定和具体规定相结合的方式明确规定了这一制度。缔约过失责任作为民法理论问题在许多方面仍存在较大的理论争议。本文从缔约过失责任的概念着手,对缔约过失责任的主观要件、过程界定、适用范围试着进行了一些尝试性的探讨。     

浅析我国缔约过失责任的构成要件和类型

缔约过失责任,是指在订立合同过程中,当事人一方因违反依据诚实信用原则产生的先合同义务,而致另一方信赖利益损失时所应承担的损害赔偿责任。本文叙述缔约过失责任理论在国际上的发展,以及我国缔约过失责任制度的现状。笔者将通过对学界不同观点的分析,详细阐述我国缔约过失责任的构成要件,并根据《合同法》的相关规定,结合其他法律规范,具体分析我国缔约过失责任的四种不同类型。     

试论缔约过失责任

近年来，缔约过失责任问题受到我国理论界及司法界人士的普遍关注，新合同法中确立了缔约过失责任制度，正确理解缔约过失责任对于司法实践是十分有益的。研究对缔约过失责任的含义、法律特征、构成要件、表现形式及赔偿范围等几方面对其进行了探讨。     

试论我国的缔约过失责任制度

缔约过失责任作为一项法律制度在我国合同法中已得到正式确立 ,这对于促成交易和维护交易安全具有重大的现实意义和实践意义。缔约过失责任既不同于违约责任 ,也有别于侵权责任 ,是一种独立的责任。所以有必要将缔约过失责任的概念、适用范围、构成要件及其与其他民事责任的关系诸方面对缔约过失责任制度的几个问题进行分析和了解     

The Autonomy of the Contracting Partners: An Argument for Heuristic Contractarian Business Ethics

Due to the domain characteristics of business ethics, a contractarian theory for business ethics will need to be essentially different from the contract model as it is applied to other domains. Much of the current criticism of contractarian business ethics (CBE) can be traced back to autonomy, one of its three boundary conditions. After explaining why autonomy is so important, this article considers the notion carefully vis à vis the contracting partners in the contractarian approaches in business ethics. Autonomy is too demanding a condition for the realm of CBE. But a less stringent version of the contract may be possible, a version which uses the contract as a heuristic device, which merely requires moral responsibility. Furthermore, it is argued that views of (human) agency and the moral subject should be made explicit in such a theory.     

Contracts,the Spot Market Wage and Unemployment Benefits

This paper presents a model of the labour market with a contract and a spot market sector. Contracts are binding and enforceable, but unemployed contract workers are free to work in the spot market. The contracting wage is shown to be constant across states. A non‐trivial result shows that the spot market wage is increasing with product price. An increase in product price has an ambiguous effect on contract employment. An increase in unemployment benefits increases the contracting sector wage whilst stabilizing the spot market wage, and may have ambiguous effects on unemployment.     

基于经济学视角的合同的违约责任分析

违约责任是《合同法》中一项非常重要的制度,是基于合同而发生的经济责任,其形成具有经济方面的原因。从经济学角度分析违约责任问题,结合效率违约理论,提出完善《合同法》的相关举措。     

农村土地承包纠纷解决的研究

我国农村是当今社会矛盾最集中和突出的地方,土地问题是农村社会矛盾冲突的根源。近年来,由于我国农村土地承包纠纷不断,其表现形式是先弃后取、毁约、土地分配不公、新生儿的不断出生、自然灾害增多、村委会单方随意提高承包费标准等。导致土地承包纠纷的关键因素是农村土地家庭承包经营制度不完善。我国应在不断深化农村经济改革的前提下,进一步明确土地公有、稳定家庭承包,保护土地资源、促进社会经济的可持续发展以及平等保护等原则。各级政府和相关部门要进一步提高思想认识,加强对土地承包、土地流转工作的组织领导;搞好调查摸底,把握工作方法;全面落实政策,兼顾各方面利益;落实好管理制度,对可能出现的纠纷做到超前防范。     

农村土地上的契约经济:从家庭联产承包到退耕还林

家庭联产承包与退耕还林是两种不同的土地契约安排。从家庭联产承包到退耕还林,农户根据土地契约安排在所承包的土地上做出了土地用途变更。随着这一变更,农户所受的激励也有所削弱。运用委托代理理论证明,农户的风险态度对土地契约安排变更的激励作用变化有显著影响。因此,探讨影响农户风险态度改变的因素将为调整和优化政策补偿提供理论依据。     

基于契约理论的会计信息失真分析

信息对于监督合同的遵循情况是必需的,而信息生产的契约性动力可以推及任何相关的契约当事人。投资者需要有关投资期望回报和风险的信息,管理当局也需要以此来规定公司未来现金流量、财务状况等方面信息的恰当数量。由于信息不对称条件的机会主义行为所导致的逆向选择及道德风险等问题,带来了严重的会计信息失真,关于会计信息可靠性的指责也此起彼伏。     

对外承包工程风险问题探讨

进行国外项目的承揽在带来较大经济效益的同时,也会带来一定的风险,本文着重从筹资、资金往来、利率以及税收等方面对国外承揽项目可能存在的经营风险和财务风险进行了分析,并从机构设置、成本控制、资金管理、合同签订等方面对企业如何控制风险方面提出了一些建议.     

To agree or not to agree: Legal issues in online contracting

E-commerce for merchants and consumers is more than just establishing or visiting an attractive Web site to conduct business over the Internet. For companies and consumers alike, conducting business in cyberspace entails not only the traditional risks of sales and contracting, but also a new set of risks related to the electronic environment. For entities of all sizes, important components of those risks involve legal issues: jurisdiction, contract formation, contract validity, contract changes and errors, authentication and attribution, message integrity, and non-repudiation. Becoming familiar with these issues can help avoid costly disputes in e-business.     

数字化平台企业网约工心理契约：内容、测量与服务绩效影响验证

传统企业员工的心理契约研究日益丰富，数字化平台企业网约工心理契约的内容和测量尚处于探索阶段。结合现实需求和研究缺口，以心理契约理论为基础，运用质性研究方法探索网约工心理契约的内容，在此基础上开发并检验网约工心理契约量表。以珠三角地区网约工为被试回收3组数据，通过项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等方法，获得由平台责任和网约工责任共同构成的网约工心理契约概念模型以及具有良好信效度的测量量表。有别于传统组织，平台企业网约工的心理契约呈现出单维度的交易型心理契约特征。实证研究进一步发现，网约工心理契约正向影响服务绩效，表明心理契约是影响网约工态度和行为的重要变量。平台企业、网约工、政府和其他利益相关者必须重视网约工心理契约的认知和管理。     

Ordinary Jurisprudence and the Democratic Firm: A Response to David Ellerman

David Ellerman has proposed an argument for the democratic firm based on a principle of ordinary jurisprudence, the principle of responsibility. The responsibility principle says that people are to be held legally responsible for the results of their intentional deliberate actions. Ellerman contends that laborers ought to constitute the firm and appropriate its whole product, because production is the intentional deliberate action of laborers. The employment contract is thus invalid, and every firm ought to be reconstructed as a partnership of all those who work in the enterprise. This article argues that there are two flaws in his argument. The first flaw is Ellerman's focus on a distinction between people and things, rather than on the varying forms of participation in an action, including participating by contributing tools. An analogy with the concept of criminal accomplices shows that those who contribute capital to an enterprise could share responsibility for production along with laborers. The second flaw is that while responsibility is inalienable, when responsibility produces a property right, that property right is alienable. The employment contract could be reconceived as a type of futures contract, selling a claim on the eventual whole product in return for something like a fixed wage.