皖江城市带产业转移背景下高职院校社会服务能力的探索——以安徽财贸职业学院为例

高职教育的目标就是培养为社会服务的高技能人才。面对皖江城市带区域经济发展一体化的趋势,作为高等教育的重要组成部分,高职院校如何开展社会服务显得尤为重要。作为安徽省示范性高职院校,安徽财贸职业学院通过不同的服务模式,体现了地方高职院校服务社会的能力。     

双语教学在商务英语专业国际贸易课程中的实践探讨

国际贸易课是国际商务英语专业必修的一门专业基础理论课。近年来,随着大学生英语水平的不断提高,国际贸易双语教学成为我国高等教育热点。从国际贸易双语教学的特点和规律出发,探索双语教学在专业教学中的应用模式,从教材的选用、教学方法、考核方式等方面入手,为双语教学的推广进行有益的尝试。     

商科院校“五阶段·五主题”教育探索与实践——以安徽财贸职业学院为例

“五阶段·五主题”教育模式的提出与推行,旨在贯彻国家关于深化教育改革,全面推进素质教育的要求。在此背景下,安徽财贸职业学院从学校实际情况出发,因地制宜,制定并实施了这一教育模式,即以“爱心、诚信、责任”为核心,以徽商文化为基础,以财商职业岗位技能培养为依据,促使学生树立从事财贸事业的使命感、责任心并具备相应能力。实践证明,安徽财贸职业学院的具体举措将思政教育与专业教育、学院统一引导与各系部分项实施、入学教育与就业创业指导、校内教育与社会教育有机地结合到了一起,取得了显著成效。     

《国际贸易实务》课程双语教学的实践

《国际贸易实务》课程双语教学是当前商务英语专业教育改革的重要方向之一,应循序渐进进行双语教学,强调师生互动,同时利用多媒体教学、模拟操作系统以实现使学生既学习专业知识又能提高英语运用能力并确保专业知识的准确性的目标定位。     

Institutions and moral hazard in open economies

I investigate the interaction between international trade and national institutional development in an environment characterized by heterogeneous individuals choosing their education levels to maximize their utilities; and institutions alleviating moral hazard by allowing managers to better observe and verify the productive efforts of workers. Liberalized trade allows institutions to serve as independent sources of comparative advantage. In this setting, I examine the effect of trade liberalization on the distribution of income in institutionally developed and underdeveloped nations. Trade affects income via a direct effect on prices and an indirect effect on the incentives to invest in education.     

美国贸易法301条款的修订及其启示

美国贸易法301条款是一项可以单方启动调查并认定他国法律、政策、行为违反协定或者不公平继而实施报复制裁的对外贸易措施,分为普通301条款、特别301条款与超级301条款。301条款最初简明规定了总统的权力和国会的否认权,但其后的修订对301条款的内容进行了扩展并使其更具体化。特别是301条款根据《2015年贸易便捷和贸易促进法》做出重大修改,涵盖了WTO体系尚未涵盖但最近已纳入自贸协定的新领域。然而,这些针对外国贸易活动的单方决定和措施附加等至今备受争议,且已对强调多边贸易争端解决的WTO体系构成严重威胁。美国贸易法301条款的修订主要围绕着美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)的措施、决定、对外国政府相关政策的监督、确认贸易自由化的优先顺序以及知识产权不适当保护的应对等内容进行。针对美国不断启动的301条款调查,我国应与美国积极开展沟通与协商,加强与美国产业界的接触和交流,发挥全球化程度高的企业的作用,力争以谈话和谈判化解矛盾;促进产业转型升级,重新审视“走出去”战略;履行加入WTO时的承诺,完善全方位的开放体制;合理拓展中国企业的海外利益,完善风险防范机制。     

技术性贸易壁垒分析及对策研究

在世界经济一体化成为不可逆转的趋势下，各国之间的贸易往来不断加深。近年来贸易保护主义抬头．以技术性贸易壁垒为主的新兴贸易保护手段日益盛行。超出合理范围的技术性贸易壁垒，人为地给商品的进出口制造障碍，违背了WID自由贸易的宗旨，给广大发展中国家造成了严重的不利影响。本文分析了技术性贸易壁垒产生和发展的背景以及我国遭受技术性贸易壁垒限制的主要原因，并在此基础上探讨了应对措施和方法。     

Sino-Russia Trade,Bearing Confidence in Crisis

Sino-Russia Trade is invariably regarded as the focus of Harbin China Harbin International Economic and Trade Fair （HFT）, and it is no exception for the 20th session. Especially great attention is paid to the impact that the economic crisis brought to Sino-Russia trade and the deals during the HFT.     

How Well Do Consumers Protect Themselves from Identity Theft?

Identity theft is a serious and increasingly prevalent crime, and consumers need to take preventative measures to minimize the chance of becoming a victim. In an effort to assess consumer preparedness, this exploratory study measured the self‐reported behavior of 61 college students and 59 non‐students on thirteen identity theft preventative activities that were suggested by the Federal Trade Commission. Consumer education appears to be adequate for several identify theft preventative behaviors, but not for others. In addition, students and non‐students demonstrated some interesting divergencies in behavior. Based on these preliminary findings, areas for increased consumer education and future research are recommended.     

The Fair Trade Idea: Towards an Economics of Social Labels

The concept of Fair Trade is applied to the marketing of a variety of goods. In recent years it has met a continually increasing interest among consumers. Different Fair Trade organizations are trying to accomplish an improvement in working and living conditions in developing countries by means of Fair Trade certificates and by paying a price markedly above world market standard. This is meant to lead to the attainment of basic social standards, especially in agricultural production. The article deals with how Fair Trade works and whether the social aims can be achieved by the application of this trade concept. Our main result is that even though efficiency of redistribution through the Fair Trade institutions is lower than through traditional relief organizations, the Fair Trade concept provides an additional incentive to support better living conditions in the Third World. Moreover, it provides a stimulus for producers to reorganize the production process in a socially more acceptable manner even when this is not rewarded by the Fair Trade company.

Labor versus capital in trade-policy: The role of ideology and inequality

Trade policy depends on the extent to which the government wants to redistribute income as well as on a country's overall factor endowments and their distribution. While the government's desire to redistribute income itself is dependent on asset distribution, it is to a large extent also driven by the partisan nature of the government, i.e., whether it is pro-labor or pro-capital. Using cross-country data on factor endowments, inequality and government orientation, we find that, conditional on inequality, left-wing (pro-labor) governments will adopt more protectionist trade policies in capital-rich countries, but adopt more pro-trade policies in labor-rich economies than right-wing (pro-capital) ones. Also, holding government orientation constant, higher inequality is associated with higher protection in capital-abundant countries while it is associated with lower protection in labor-abundant countries. These results are consistent with the simultaneous presence of both inequality as well as ideology as determinants of protection within a two-factor, two-sector Heckscher-Ohlin framework. Overall, various statistical tests support an umbrella model (that combines both the ideology and inequality models) over each of the individual models.     

Fair Trade: Dynamic and Dilemmas of a Market Oriented Global Social Movement

Fair Trade is analysed as a new economic social movement to the extent that it is based on new forms of collective action and directs its demands primarily to the market rather than to the State. In addition, it is intrinsically a global movement harnessing development goals to new market relations. It differs, however, from similar movements (organics, animal welfare) to the extent that it focuses primarily on traditional issues of redistributive justice rather than a new generation of rights and duties. Fair Trade is understood as having three components: (i) the organization of alternative trading networks; (ii) the marketing of Fair Trade labelled products through licensed conventional traders and retailers; and (iii) the campaign-based promotion of Fair Trade to change both purchasing practices and the rules of conventional trade. As a market oriented movement, Fair Trade relies crucially on the emergence of a new politicization of consumer activity comprising not only “consumer-activists” but also the State as consumer and a new layer of political consumers sensitive to issues of social justice in their daily purchasing practices.

Impacts of tangible and intangible elements of Aid for Trade on the globalisation of developing countries

The Aid for Trade initiative was launched by the WTO in 2005 to help developing countries build their supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure to improve their capacity in the global market. This study investigates the impacts of both the tangible and intangible elements of this initiative on the economic, social and political globalisation of recipient countries. Intangible elements of Aid for Trade (aid for trade policy and regulation) may be considered as the software of Aid for Trade, while tangible elements (aid for economic infrastructure and building productive capacity) are the hardware. Countries that receive Aid for Trade can use both types of elements to succeed in globalisation. This research hypothesises that the tangible elements of Aid for Trade have a singular effect on the overall level of globalisation since they are expected to only increase the level of economic globalisation. Moreover, we expect that the intangible elements of Aid for Trade will have multiple effects on the overall level of globalisation as they have an impact on not only economic aspects but also social and political aspects of it. Using the dataset of Aid for Trade from 2002 to 2015, we find that the intangible elements of Aid for Trade have increased the recipients' level of overall globalisation.     

浅谈新形势下我国高等教育收费改革

随着高等教育规模的快速增长,政府的投入已远远不能满足高等教育发展的要求,实行高等教育收费制度成为必然。高等教育收费对我国经济、社会公平和社会稳定产生了积极和消极两方面影响。高等教育收费改革应合理确定收费标准,完善助学制度,实行投资多元化,以拓展经费来源。     

The Evolution of Japan's Aggressive Legalism

Japan's recent trade policy is sometimes characterised as ‘aggressive legalism’ in the sense that it aggressively utilises the multilateral trade rules embodied in the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation in dealing with disputes with its trade partners. This policy may appear to be a marked departure from Japan's past practice of favouring bilateral, non‐legal settlement of trade disputes. Upon closer examination, however, while Japan has been moderately active in using the WTO dispute settlement process for resolving its trade disputes, it behaves more like a country that resorts to surgical strikes on selected targets (usually the United States) under a powerful cover of the European Community. Compared to Japan, Korea's attitude in the WTO is more aggressive. While the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) is not content with the status quo and is seeking to expand its aggressiveness in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, it faces an uphill battle. One of the difficulties facing trade officials in Japan may be the lack of a national system for lodging WTO complaints, open to any citizens or firms, like Section 301 of the US Trade Act of 1974 or the European Trade Barriers Regulation. Nonetheless, in the historical context, Japan is far more aggressive than in the past in utilising the rules of the GATT/WTO to advance its national interests. It will never revert to the infamous practice of bilateralism and grey area measures.     

Trade credit and bank finance: Financing small firms in russia

This paper argues that Russian financial markets are more developed than typically supposed. I show that non-financial firms, suppliers of credit to other firms, support the role of financial intermediaries in helping to surmount problems of information asymmetries. Trade credit works as a signal; firms receiving it obtain access to bank loans. I test this hypothesis using data from my survey of 352 firms in Russia in 1995. Firms using trade credit are shown to have a higher probability of acquiring bank credit.     

中国工业制成品贸易条件影响因素探析

当前,我国工业制成品贸易条件不断走低.贸易条件的变化由进出口商品价格的变动决定,而价格变动除受供给和需求变动支配外,还直接受汇率、关税水平的影响.此外,国家的货币和财政政策、对外贸易政策、经济周期及通货膨胀率、世界市场需求的变化及世界经济周期的波动、各种非关税壁垒等,也会影响贸易条件的变动.其中,经济增长、外商直接投资、产业结构、关税及汇率是影响我国工业制成品贸易条件变动的主要因素.而经济增长、产业结构、外商直接投资通过影响供求关系来影响贸易条件;产业结构、关税及汇率通过价格机制直接影响贸易条件.改善贸易条件必须从多方面入手,才能有效与长久.     

论美国对华特保措施调查中的行政惯例

美国国际贸易委员会发起的对华特别保障措施调查以1974年贸易法第421条为法律依据。由于421条款内容简略,国际贸易委员会必须通过法律解释和创立行政惯例的方式才能对案件作出裁决。在美国的行政领域,行政惯例虽然不是法的渊源,但由于行政程序中"正当法律程序"的要求,行政惯例对行政机关的裁决仍有一定拘束力。针对行政惯例受到行政机关高度尊重和确信但又并非法源的特点,中国企业应区分不同类型的行政惯例并准备相应的对策。     

Consumer Perceptions of Health Claims in Advertisements and on Food Labels

It has been hypothesized that consumers are more skeptical of health claims made in food ads than of health claims made on food labels. Therefore, the current research explores consumers' skepticism of health claims when the source of such claims is identified as a food ad or a food label. The study also examines whether consumers' beliefs are affected by nutrition information on food labels and whether health claims that have been challenged by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and by consumer groups are more likely to affect consumers' beliefs than are unchallenged health claims. The findings have implications for understanding the role of education in reducing consumer misperceptions of health claims.     

Are Stated Preferences Confirmed by Purchasing Behaviours? The Case of Fair Trade-Certified Bananas in Switzerland

As the market share of Fair Trade food products in countries of the North grows, understanding consumer preferences with regard to this recent label is becoming increasingly important. This article reports on a test of the consistency of consumers’ stated preferences, for which a survey was conducted at the place and time of actual purchase decisions. The aim of the survey was to further improve the understanding of consumers’ stated motivations for buying ‘Fair Trade’ and ‘organic Fair Trade’ bananas in Switzerland. Hypothetical questions with double dichotomous choices were used to compare two types of bananas – conventional and labelled – and to assess the average stated willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Fair Trade-labelled bananas. The results show that Fair Trade is largely accepted in Switzerland and that the premium for purchasing such products is influenced by age, the number of young children and the perception of the Fair Trade label. I then used a comparative test of field observations and stated preferences for bananas to measure inconsistency in choices. This comparison reveals that less than one-fifth of the answers are in principle inconsistent. These results point to the importance of confidence in the Fair Trade labels if consumers’ purchases are to increase.