地区差异对农村金融发展影响的实证研究——基于单因素方差分析

以新疆农村信用社为例,运用单因素方差分析方法,从市级地区视角考察省内地区差异对农村金融发展的影响。研究发现,地区差异对农村信用社的不良贷款率没有产生显著影响,但是对农村信用社的存贷比产生了显著影响。农村金融发展失衡导致农村经济发展不均衡。因此,应构建区域农村金融协调发展机制,向经济欠发达地区给予更多的税收优惠措施,缩小区域农村金融发展差异,提高经济欠发达地区农村金融运行效率,促进区域农村经济协调发展。     

数字金融发展对企业"脱实向虚"的影响研究

在数字经济时代,数字金融对传统金融格局带来了新的冲击,其究竟是加剧还是抑制实体企业“脱实向虚”成为重要议题。本文借助北京大学数字普惠金融指数及A股上市公司的面板数据,考察数字金融发展对企业“脱实向虚”的影响。研究结果表明,数字金融显著促进了企业实业投资,同时抑制其金融资产配置倾向。进一步研究发现,相对于长期金融资产,数字金融对企业短期金融资产投资的抑制作用更显著。本文研究表明,数字金融能有效抑制实体企业“脱实向虚”,应在合理的金融监管约束下,支持并推动数字金融发展。     

Reaping digital dividends: Digital inclusive finance and high-quality development of enterprises in China

The digital economy is progressively emerging as a new driving force for high-quality development in China and has been paving a new avenue for enterprise development through the progress of the digital inclusive finance (DIF) system. Under this paradigm of development, this research examines whether and how DIF exerts an influence on the China's economy which is currently experiencing a transition development of enterprises (HQDE). Using a sample of China's listed companies from 2011 to 2019, the results demonstrate that DIF has a significant favorable impact on HQDE. Furthermore, our analysis finds that reducing financial leverage and alleviating financial constraints are intermediary mechanisms of the effect. Moreover, the beneficial effect of DIF varies in terms of different regions, enterprise property rights, and industrial nature—it is observed to be more pronounced in the eastern region, non-state-owned enterprises, and tertiary industry enterprises. Our results provide empirical evidence that DIF enables enterprises to achieve high-quality development.     

中国农村金融改革中的问题研究

在回顾我国农村金融体制改革历程的基础上,对农村金融改革中出现的问题进行分析,试图为今后经济较发达地区和基础薄弱地区的农村金融改革提供一些思路。     

Technological change,completeness of financing microstructures,and impact on well-being and income inequality

Financing microstructures are increasingly recognized as critical for promoting financial inclusion and improving overall well-being in developing countries. In practice, the digital transformation in finance has the potential to accelerate the optimal functioning of financing microstructures, including households' access to microfinance and microinsurance. Increased access to finance can lead to a reduction in income inequality and overall well-being for households. This paper investigates the impact of access to digital finance and financing microstructures on household well-being and the reduction of income inequality. To achieve this, we use a combination of propensity score matching, double difference, and smooth instrumental quantile regression as estimation methods with two periods of survey data. Specifically, the paper uses the FinScope consumer data (2016) and the Harmonized Living Standards Measurement Study (2018) from Togo in a comparative perspective. The results suggest that access to both digital finance and financing microstructure is a cultural game-changer that significantly improves overall household well-being and contributes to reducing income inequality.     

我国农村非正规金融探析

目前,在我国广大农村地区,现代正规金融和传统非正规金融并存,非正规金融规模甚至超过了正规金融。在我国农村经济发展中,非正规金融起着越来越重要的作用。文章分析了我国非正规金融活跃发展的现实原因。从而提出促进我国农村金融发展建议。     

Different paths to universal access: The impact of policy and regulation on broadband diffusion in the developed and developing worlds

The authors examine the broadband digital divide by analyzing the impact of policy and regulation on broadband Internet diffusion. Their multiple regression analysis shows factors that determine broadband diffusion in technologically developed countries do not necessarily have the same impact in less developed countries. They show that in technologically developed countries, there is greater broadband diffusion in countries that make a higher financial investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs), have effective governing practices at the national level, have higher levels of education, and are more urban. In technologically developing nations, a competitive telecommunications sector and higher investment in ICTs lead to greater broadband diffusion, with investment having an even larger impact in the developing world than in the developed world. In addition, stronger democratic political institutions, higher levels of national income and lower levels of income inequality increase diffusion, but the presence of a national telecommunications regulatory authority has a negative impact. These results suggest that the path to widespread availability and use of broadband requires different strategies depending on a nation's level of technological development.     

The multidimensional effect of financial development on trade in Africa: The role of the digital economy

The issue of how financial development affects international trade has gained much attention in the literature, both theoretical and empirical, without investigating the various transmission channels of financial development on international trade. Significantly, how the digital economy modulates the effects of financial development on trade remains unexplored. Our study addresses these research gaps using panel data from 47 African economies spanning 1990 to 2019. Our findings based on the dynamic system GMM approach show that the direct impacts of financial development and the digital economy have been crucial in driving international trade in Africa in the short and long runs. Second, in the short and long runs, the digital economy serves as a vital channel through which financial development has the most significant impact on trade in Africa. Third, the robustness checks by excluding countries endowed with natural resources in Africa provide robust evidence that digital technology and finance matter for trade. Further, the study discloses an important novelty in that the marginal effects on trade increase when financial development in Africa interacts with the digital economy. In light of these findings, we conclude that policy reforms should focus on policies that encourage the development of the digital economy and its use in the financial sector in Africa.     

国外农村金融支持的经验及启示

现代农村经济发展的一个重要特征就是经济与金融的关系日益密切,农村金融在农村经济发展中也逐步处于核心地位。通过阐述日本、韩国和孟加拉三国各自农村金融支持的特点及经验,总结出相应的五点启示。     

CO2 reduction through digital transformation in long-haul transportation: Institutional entrepreneurship to unlock product-service system innovation

Industrial firms seek to develop offerings that can reduce their negative ecological impact while still being economically viable. Initial studies of these offerings focused on the what and the why. Only recently have studies addressed how to pursue these efforts. The literature generally ignores the underlying mechanisms of how such offerings are created and operated. This paper reports a longitudinal case study of an industrial firm's innovative offering. This offering combines heavy duty vehicles and related services for long-haul transportation. It enables road transportation firms to reduce fuel consumption by one quarter and thereby cut CO₂ emissions and fuel costs. A multi-theoretical investigation of that offering contributes to the literature by providing: (i) a rich characterization of an industrial organization's offering that combines economic viability with a much lower negative environmental impact; (ii) a chain of underlying mechanisms that enable such an offering to emerge, including activation of institutional entrepreneurship for industrial entrepreneurship; and (iii) an articulation of the value of using multi-theoretical inquiries of ecological industrial offerings instead of seeking a new isolated theory.     

Proposals for a digital industrial policy for Europe

A digital industrial policy should take into account the new opportunities for industrial policy arising from digitalisation for tackling the sluggish economic growth performance in the Europe. The structural problems and potential market failures related to the adoption of digital technologies are identified. Apart from incentives to invest into digital infrastructure, the policy measures should strengthen the intangible asset base along the value added chain of the digital economy, fostering the related R&D activities, along with the skills of researchers and of workers. Public and private sector financing, combined through financial instruments, should focus on furthering entrepreneurship and implementation of innovative business plans.     

Entrepreneurship, technology, and the university

In recent years, the small technology-based enterprise ('spin-off') has had a significant impact on regional economic development. As a source of new technology and entrepreneurs, the university has made an important contribution to the formation of new enterprises. This article focuses on the role of the university as an incubator organization and the special problems of academic entrepreneurs and their firms. Guidelines are given to improve the academic entrepreneur's corporate performance and suggestions are offered to enable the university to facilitate the entrepreneurship process. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the future prospects for academic entrepreneurship.     

金融生态演进作用于实体经济增长的机制分析——透过资本配置效率的视角

本文通过建立金融生态演进作用于实体经济增长的分析模型,对金融生态演进影响资本配置效率与经济增长的内在作用机制与传导渠道进行了数理分析。研究结果显示,金融发展对经济增长促进作用的有效性受其所在外部金融生态环境的影响。政府对经济的干预有助于增加资本积累,但会削弱法制因素和金融发展改善资本配置效率的作用;法制环境的改善有助于资金更多的流向集约型产业,减轻政府干预对资金配置的扭曲;一个企业家精神盛行、勇于创新的文化信用环境可以弥补法制环境的不足,约束资金使用者的道德风险,优化金融资源的配置效率。     

我国产业结构调整对外部财富的影响机制研究

为研究我国产业结构调整对外部财富的作用影响及其影响机制,本文从贸易传导渠道及金融传导渠道出发,建立理论模型,分析并阐述了双渠道传导下,产业结构调整影响外部财富的作用机理,同时运用时变参数状态空间模型进一步验证。研究结果表明,我国产业结构调整通过贸易传导渠道对外部财富起正向积累作用,并从金融传导渠道对外部财富进行负向削减,两者存在抵消效应。且我国第二产业产值比及第三、二产业产值比的扩大对外部财富存在区别影响。当下正处于全球产业链重构关键时期,本文期望从调整外部财富角度助力于我国产业结构的优化。     

丝绸之路经济带物流产业、金融发展对经济提升的驱动作用研究

文章选取丝绸之路经济带9个省市1990～2015年的数据,在梳理物流产业、金融发展与经济提升的作用机理的基础上,运用面板数据模型,研究物流产业、金融发展对经济增长的驱动作用。研究表明：丝绸之路经济带物流产业、金融发展对经济增长均有提升作用,且货运周转量、物流业增加值、金融发展规模和金融发展效率等因素对经济提升的贡献度因地区不同而存在差异,物流产业和金融发展均呈现出非均衡特征。据此提出建设丝绸之路经济带物流基地和金融核心城市以及推动物流和金融的均衡发展,共同驱动丝绸之路经济带经济提升等相关建议。     

江西省农村金融生态发展滞后现状、成因及其破解

良好的金融生态可以促进农村经济结构调整和经济增长方式的转变,增强资金的使用效率。文章结合相关的金融生态水平指标对江西省农村金融生态状况进行了一般性描述,并分析其发展滞后的原因,在此基础上演绎出相应的政策选择。     

Economic growth and broadband access: The European urban-rural digital divide

This paper estimates the regional effects of high-speed broadband coverage on economic growth in a panel of 1348 regions across all European Union Member States between 2011 and 2018. We distinguish between different connectivity speed levels by aggregating the available regional data across all existing broadband technologies, and investigate how regional differences in the contribution of broadband coverage to real economic growth can quantitatively explain the persistence of the European urban-rural digital divide. In order to make our results robust to endogeneity and disaggregated data availability issues, we employ a bootstrap-based bias correction for the dynamic fixed effects estimator. We find that expansions in the provision of lower-speed broadband access accelerated annual per capita growth in both urban and rural regions through diminishing returns to scale, but that the effects were weaker in those regions characterized by larger ruralization. High-speed broadband coverage, on the contrary, could only be significantly related to rural economic growth and had no impact within their urban counterparts. We find evidence that the costs of these high-speed rural connectivity expansions had not yet been offset, but that they exhibit increasing returns to scale with cut-off levels nearing full coverage. These results indicate that the high-speed digital expansion of rural Europe is a potential gamechanger for further rural development policies through its role as a general-purpose infrastructure, and consequently argue in favour of increased efforts to close the urban-rural digital gap.     

农民增收长效机制：金融视角

农民增收问题不仅仅是一个收入问题，而是由一系列相关因素交织在一起的错综复杂的多元问题。文章作者从金融发展视角提出构建农民增收长效机制的思路，主要包括：加大支农贷款力度，改进支农方式；加大金融对农村教育，尤其是职业教育的支持；加大金融对农村企业的金融支持等等。     

“以民为本”与我国农村公共财政体系的完善

农村公共财政在“三农”问题中是一个重要的瓶颈问题。本文在“以民为本”思想指导下,分析完善我国农村公共财政体系的必要性,并提出完善我国农村公共财政体系的具体建议。