习惯形成、信息鸿沟与异质福利--基于中国地区层面居民信息消费数据的数值模拟分析

本文尝试将消费习惯引入信息消费增速提升的福利效应模型,并以此模型为基础,运用1992～2012年中国城镇居民家庭信息消费数据,测算了信息消费增速提升给中国不同区域城镇居民带来的差异福利影响。研究发现：第一,内部习惯特征对中国城镇居民信息消费的福利效应具有显著影响。引入习惯特征后,信息消费增速提升1%相当于在其未来无限生命期界内每年补贴0.27%-26.05%信息消费产品或服务;第二,无论是同质性偏好还是异质性偏好假设,四大板块中的东北和中西部地区城镇居民信息消费的福利效应均高于东部地区,区域间信息鸿沟转化为福利差异。因此,在稳步推进收入分配和社会保障体制改革的同时,应当加大对中西部地区信息基础设施政策支持力度。     

城镇居民消费区域差异的影响因素及其效应——基于中国省份面板数据的实证分析

本文利用我国1990年至2009年的省份面板数据,探讨城镇居民消费区域差异的影响因素及其效应,按照收入水平将省份分为高收入、中等收入和低收入三类地区,进行实证分析后发现:从全国整体来看,城镇居民收入水平、地区开放程度、金融发展和基础设施完善等是引起城镇居民消费区域差异的重要影响因素;分地区来看,这些影响因素对不同收入水平地区的城镇居民消费的影响效应存在差异性。     

影响我国城镇居民消费因素的计量分析

文章结合影响居民消费因素的相关理论,选用了四个相关因素(城镇居民人均可支配收入,地区生产总值,城镇居民消费价格指数,中国人民银行整存整取一年期利率),对其进行计量分析,得到了相关模型。并得到了人均可支配收入和地区生产总值是影响我国城镇居民消费的重要因素的结论,提出了以增收促消费和优化消费结构等对策建议。     

经济转型期我国城镇居民信息消费问题研究

文章运用Panel data模型,对我国城镇居民2005—2012年间的信息消费的差异性进行了分析,认为我国东、中、西部城镇居民的信息消费整体水平及边际消费倾向均差异明显,城镇居民信息消费的地区差异效应和时间差异效应较大。针对研究结论,提出改进建议,以缩小差异促进区域平衡发展。     

中国城镇居民服务消费需求弹性研究——基于QUAIDS模型的分析

随着收入的上涨,我国城镇居民家庭的消费水平日益提高,消费结构不断改善。本文通过运用非线性近似完美需求系统(QUAIDS模型)模拟中国城镇居民家庭服务消费需求弹性特征。实证结果表明,以"交通、通信、医疗保健、文化娱乐"为代表的服务消费富于弹性,而以"家庭服务、教育、居住"为代表的服务消费缺乏弹性。这说明,随着收入水平的提高,城镇居民家庭在交通、通信、医疗保健和文化娱乐领域的支出会明显增加。从区域比较来看,我国东中西三大区域的服务消费支出弹性存在一定差异,并且这种差异主要体现在"家庭服务、教育和居住"领域。此外,价格是影响城镇居民服务消费的重要因素,特别是家庭服务和医疗保健服务类支出的价格敏感性最强。结合我国城镇居民服务消费需求特点与变动趋势,建议未来扩大内需、提高居民消费水平的重点应从增加购买力、完善社会保障、改善消费环境等方面来着手。     

我国城镇居民消费结构变化的影响因素及发展趋势

分析了城镇居民消费结构变化的特征,并在此基础上对城镇居民未来消费结构的变化趋势进行展望。我国居民消费结构的基本演变方向是持续的消费升级。居民的消费在从重视生活水平的提高向重视生活质量的提高转变,从追求物质消费向追求精神消费和服务消费转变,从满足基本生存需要向追求人的全面发展转变。我国城镇居民的消费结构发生着巨大的变化,居民消费结构的变化受到收入等级变化、地区差异变化、物价上涨变化、消费观念变化等诸多因素影响。通过扩大内需来刺激消费,更好地推动我国经济的可持续发展。     

广东省城镇居民消费函数的实证分析——基于1980—2008年实际数据的协整检验

本文应用协整理论对广东省城镇居民的消费函数构建了一阶差分误差修正模型,并运用1980—2008年的实际数据进行了实证分析。通过选取了影响消费的诸多指标,计量分析了影响广东省城镇居民消费的诸多因素。结论表明:从长期来看,影响广东省城镇居民消费的最重要的因素还是持久性收入,而且上一期的消费对本期的消费具有较大的负影响,而实际利率水平和广东省通货膨胀率对城镇居民消费也是有着微弱的负影响,但是预期价格水平对居民的消费则起了推动作用。     

中国的价格差异及其成因

本文以购买力平价理论为基础,研究我国各地区价格水平差异问题及其成因。我们的结论是:各地区城镇居民消费商品和服务的价格差异非常明显,但是总体价格水平和消费水平之间并没有明显的相关性,全国范围内城镇居民的恩格尔系数和食物价格呈现出一定程度的正相关关系。在市场定价商品价格地区间差异巨大的同时,政府定价服务价格差异也很大。     

试析国内城镇居民旅游消费结构

新时期背景下,旅游业作为第三产业的重要组成部分,对于地区经济发展和文化交流作用重大,随着旅游业的不断发展,其在促进人民群众生活水平提升方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。此外,随着我国市场经济及社会发展的成熟度日趋提升,旅游消费对于经济增长作出了卓越贡献。在此基础上,本文对国内城镇居民旅游消费结构进行了综合分析,主要从现阶段城镇居民旅游消费呈增长趋势着手,从三个方面提出了影响国内城镇居民旅游消费结构的因素：地域差异因素、收入等级差异因素和思想差异因素,并提出完善城镇居民消费结构的相关对策,以期能够更好地指导国内旅游市场的发展。     

豫东地区城镇居民体育消费现状研究

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对豫东地区城镇居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有较深认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费水平有所提高,但涨幅不大。     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Injuries in different socio-economic groups in Finland

Introduction. Suicides are a hidden and unrecognized epidemic in the Indian region, affecting predominantly younger age groups. Information on causative risk factors and mechanisms is not available in the country, which is crucial for designing intervention programmes.

Objectives. To identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in the city of Bangalore.

Methods. A case–control study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods.

Results. The study has shown that several factors in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides. The cumulative and repetitive interaction of several factors in a complex manner results in suicides. The significant factors were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio (OR) = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (OR = 27.98), alcoholism in self (OR = 23.38), presence of a mental illness (OR = 11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR = 7.1), domestic violence (OR = 6.82) and unemployment (OR = 6.15). Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem-solving approaches and coping skills.

Conclusion. The observed findings are at variance with suicidal causation in the West in some areas operating in a different sociocultural and economic environment. The intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society.