The Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash

We model a firm's demand for liquidity to develop a new test of the effect of financial constraints on corporate policies. The effect of financial constraints is captured by the firm's propensity to save cash out of cash flows (the cash flow sensitivity of cash). We hypothesize that constrained firms should have a positive cash flow sensitivity of cash, while unconstrained firms' cash savings should not be systematically related to cash flows. We empirically estimate the cash flow sensitivity of cash using a large sample of manufacturing firms over the 1971 to 2000 period and find robust support for our theory.     

管理层业绩报酬敏感度、内部现金流与企业投资行为——对自由现金流和信息不对称理论的一个检验

本文考察了业绩报酬敏感度对企业内部现金流与投资行为之间关系的影响。文章发现投资现金流敏感度不仅受到内外部信息不对称导致的融资约束的影响,而且受到了股东-经理代理问题的影响,但是信息不对称理论的解释力度相对较强。另外,投资现金流敏感度和管理层业绩报酬敏感度之间的关系受到公司控股股东所有权性质的影响。     

Determinants of Investment Cash Flow Sensitivity

I classify firms into groups of high, low, and negative sensitivity. I find that investment-cash flow sensitivity is nonmonotonic with respect to financial constraints, cash flows, and growth opportunities. Firms classified as negative cash flow sensitive have the lowest cash flows, highest growth opportunities, and appear the most financially constrained. Cash flow insensitive firms have the highest cash flows, lowest growth opportunities, and appear the least financially constrained. To a large extent, the negative relationship between cash flow and investment is driven by the opposite trends followed by investment and cash flow, as firms grow through stages of their life cycle.     

管理层激励与投资的现金流弹性

本文利用1998-2004年上市公司关于管理层持股的数据信息和年报中财务状况信息,考察了管理层持股份额对企业投资决策的影响.和Hadlock(1998)的文章一样,本文试图从一个侧面看到我国上市公司中内部现金流是如何影响上市公司投资决策. 和Had-lock的结论正好相反.文章的结果表明我国上市公司的滥用内部现金流情况严重,尤其当管理层不持有公司股票的情况时.同时,外部资金不存在系统合理的溢价,资本市场上的投资存在严重的盲目性.     

管控“现金流”

目前我国企业的现金流量管理还处于极低的水平。绝大多数企业实行的还是根据国家规定的现金开支范围和银行结算制度办理往来收付结算,以经验和内部牵制制度为主体的管理办法。可以采取     

Cash Flow Estimation and Cost of Capital for Overseas Projects

Several issues concerning foreign project evaluation are critically examined. The paper suggests that the point of view for analysis, cost of capital and cash flow estimation be internally consistent. Three points of views of analysis, local, global, and parent specific, are identified and various inconsistencies in the estimation of the initial outlay and project cash flows are identified. The elimination of the inconsistencies is discussed. It is argued that the treatment of blocked funds is relevant only from the parent specific point of view. A number of alternatives for the estimate of the terminal value is also suggested. The differences between the parent specific point of view and the global and local views are sharply drawn. An integrated scheme is also presented to underscore the need for consistency in evaluating foreign investments.     

Cash Flow Accounting and Liquidity: Cash Flow Potential and Wealth

The persistence of a minority interest in ‘cash flow accounting’ alongside the dominant financial reporting pattern that gives cash flow statements a distinctly secondary role in the line-up of flow statements suggests that something is missing from the analyses of the interested parties. The major theme of this paper is that users rely on historical cash flow reporting for information relevant to projecting enterprise liquidity in the short run, and on financial statements based on accrual-deferral accounting for information relevant to their interest in wealth and income. An explicit distinction between the two accounting objectives (providing information for use in assessing future enterprise liquidity and providing information for use in assessing enterprise wealth and income and performance against investors' augmentation-of-wealth objective) is recommended as a basis for clarifying the issues. That distinction suggests the value of two quite different, but related, sets of data: historical cash flows and stocks and flows of cash potentials.     

论现金流量管理假设

随着市场经济的发展 ,现金流量管理在企业管理中的地位越来越重要。本文分五部分对现金流量管理理论体系的重要组成部分———现金流量管理假设进行了探讨 ,并认为现金流量管理假设体系由管理主体假设、持续经营假设、管理分期假设、时间价值假设、理性管理假设、信息不对称假设、管理有效性假设、现金资源稀缺假设和不确定性假设九个假设组成。     

商业银行经济资本管理理论和实践探索

经济资本管理基于资本的稀缺性和高成本性,具有效益约束和风险约束的双效应。近年来,银行管理领域发生的最为显著的变化是,其管理重点逐渐过渡到以风险度量和资本优化配置为核心的全面风险管理。经济资本是贯穿风险度量和资本优化配置这一过程的关键概念,不仅可以提高商业银行的资本管理水平,而且通过发挥经济资本在商业银行经营管理中的预算管理、资源配置和绩效考核作用,推动我国商业银行向现代商业银行转变。从长远看,推行经济资本管理将对商业银行和金融监管当局产生重大的深远影响。     

Investment‐Specific News Shocks and U.S. Business Cycles

We provide robust evidence that news shocks about future investment‐specific technology (IST) constitute a significant force behind U.S. business cycles. Positive IST news shocks induce comovement, that is, raise output, consumption, investment, and hours. These shocks account for 70% of the business cycle variation in output, hours, and consumption, and 60% of the variation in investment, and have played an important role in 9 of the last 10 U.S. recessions. Our findings provide strong support for shifting focus to IST news shocks when investigating the role of news in driving U.S. business cycles.     

企业现金流量管理研究

现金流量是通过现金流入和流出,反映企业在一定时期内的经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动.因此,要从现金流量管理内容和目标入手,分析企业现金流量管理在财务管理中的地位及其重要性.研究现金流量在企业财务管理中的作用,为企业加强现金流量管理提供重要的依据.     

An Empirical Test of Ross's Cash Flow Beta Theory of Capital Structure

This paper empirically investigates Ross's cash flow beta theory of capital structure. Ross hypothesizes that, for firms of similar cash flow variance, there will be an inverse relationship between financial leverage and cash flow beta. This paper provides empirical support for Ross's theory, though the extent of the support depends upon the sample period and the leverage specification.     

Investment–Cash Flow Sensitivities: Constrained versus Unconstrained Firms

From the existing literature, it is not clear what effect financing constraints have on the sensitivities of firms' investment to their cash flow. I propose an explanation that reconciles the conflicting empirical evidence. I present two models: the unconstrained model, in which firms can raise external funds, and the constrained model, in which firms cannot do so. Using low dividends to identify financing constraints in my generated panel of data produces results consistent with those of Fazzari, Hubbard, and Petersen; using the constrained model produces results consistent with those of Kaplan and Zingales.     

经济资本管理:理论分析及我国实践

近年来,经济资本管理作为优化资源配置、提高风险调整收益的核心工具,在国际先进银行中得到广泛应用。通过经济资本可以量化各类业务敞口的风险水平,计算抵御风险所需的资本金额,银行决策层可据此调整风险偏好与发展战略,制定更为科学、合理、清晰的政策组合,确保银行价值最大化目标的实现。本文阐述了经济资本管理的基本理论、国内外实践情况,分析了我国银行业实践中存在的问题,提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国上市公司营运资金管理调查:2010

本调查分别以2010年1945家上市公司、2009-2010年1586家可比上市公司和2008-2010年1306家可比上市公司作为研究对象,进行了营运资金管理绩效的行业分析、企业分析、地区比较分析和外向型行业专题分析,从渠道和要素两个视角对上市公司营运资金管理状况进行了全面调查和透视,得到以下结论:2010年中国上市公司营运资金平均管理绩效与2009年相比有所提高,但提高幅度不大;上市公司各要素单独管理水平相对成熟,协同管理水平较差;从地区视角来看,我国各地区上市公司的营运资金管理水平的差距仍然较大;对于那些外向型程度较高的行业(如纺织服装和电子信息产业等)来说,金融危机后行业的营运资金管理绩效正在逐步回升。     

The Free Cash Flow Anomaly Revisited: Finnish Evidence

Abstract:  This paper examines the performance of an investment strategy based on free cash flows using financial statement data of Finnish companies during the period 1992-2002. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the so-called free cash flow anomaly previously documented e.g. in Hackel, Livnat and Rai (2000) . Using annual financial statement information, we identify large-capitalization companies with positive free cash flows, low free cash flow multiples, and low financial leverage. Since a portfolio of these companies is found to consistently outperform the market index, our results suggest that the free cash flow anomaly also exists in the Finnish stock market.     

On the Relative Performance of Investment‐Grade Corporate Bonds with Differing Maturities

We find that short‐maturity investment‐grade corporate bonds perform better, controlling for risk differences, than similar bonds with longer maturities. Our results are at least partially attributable to insurance companies’ trading behavior and align with the preferred‐habitat theory of the term structure. We find that insurance‐company purchases create a strong demand for long‐term bonds and that their rebalancing activity results in sales of short‐term bonds. As documented by extant literature, such demand‐supply imbalance is not easily resolved by arbitrageurs or firms seeking to time the market with bond issuance.     

The Information Content of Cash Flow Figures

This paper investigates the link between earnings and share prices for a sample of UK companies for the years 1961 to 1977. Three measures of earnings were used: the traditional historical cost accounting return and two which were closer to cash flow measures. The strength of the link between earnings and cumulative abnormal returns was investigated relative to the level of inflation. The results indicate that, while there is substantial information content in the traditional historical cost rate of return, there is very little information conveyed by the measure closest to pure cash flow. No support was therefore found for the use of cash flow based reports. Evidence was found showing substantial changes in the nature of the relationship between accounting and stock returns, but this could not be explained by the effects of inflation.