上市公司财务报告舞弊的识别——基于三角形理论的实证研究

为构建财务报告舞弊识别模型,本文选取2000—2009年发生财务报告舞弊的A股上市公司及其配对非舞弊公司为研究对象,利用配对样本t检验、Wilcoxon符号秩检验、Logistic回归,对描述三角形理论的25个指标研究发现,两类公司之间营业利润—经营现金流量、外部董事比例等指标描述的压力和机会因素存在显著差异;各指标与舞弊可能性的相关关系表明,压力越大、机会越多,舞弊可能性越大。由此建立的识别模型正确识别率达到93.7%,有助于人们识别舞弊,帮助上市公司发现舞弊根源。     

上市公司财务报告舞弊信号的审计识别研究

近年来国内外财务报告舞弊案件频频爆发,已经引起社会各界的强烈反响,如何识别和治理财务报告舞弊问题一直是各方关注的焦点。基于财务报告舞弊的定义和特征,对财务报告舞弊进行叙述分析,然后从公司管理层、关系对象及内部治理结构和控制方面对财务报告舞弊预警信号进行论述,最后提出几点治理对策,以便于财务报告使用者有所借鉴。     

上市公司股权结构与财务舞弊识别关系实证分析

通过选取因财务报告违规而被处理处罚的公司为样本并进行配对,运用逻辑回归法建立模型对股权构成和股权集中度与财务舞弊关系进行识别。结果发现,法人股比例和国有股比例在判别是否舞弊时起到重要作用,模型识别的准确率达80.7%。     

控股股东会计行为异化识别模型的构建

本文收集了2004年至2009年5月因提供与事实不符的财务报告而被证监会处罚,舞弊年度始于2001年以后的上市公司为研究样本,并按照一定的标准为每家受处罚公司选取了配对公司,就其公司治理与财务指标因素进行了回归分析,最后建立了基于公司治理和财务指标的会计行为异化识别模型,并进行了检验,其总体预测正确率达83.8%.     

美国上市公司财务报告舞弊有增无减

继1999年发布1987-1997年舞弊财务报告分析后,美国COSO委员会2010年5月再度推出《舞弊财务报告1998-2007》。该报告全面分析了1998-2007年间美国上市公司的347个舞弊公司案例,揭示了财务报告舞弊的趋势和特征,并得出以下六个结论。     

公司治理与会计信息质量关系的实证研究

本文选取了因财务报告舞弊而被证监会处罚的上市公司作为研究样本 ,从股权结构、董事会特征两方面 ,对公司治理与财务报告舞弊之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明 ,法人股比例、执行董事比例、内部人控制度、监事会的规模与财务舞弊的可能性正相关 ,流通股比例则与之负相关。此外 ,如果公司的第一大股东为国资局 ,公司更可能发生财务舞弊。因此要解决上市公司的会计信息失真问题 ,应该从完善公司治理入手。     

舞弊性财务报告的成因分析与防范对策

财务报告舞弊严重损害了投资者的利益,扰乱了市场经济秩序,可能导致整个资本市场信用体系的崩溃,威胁金融和经济稳定。本文从舞弊性财务报告的识别出发,从利益驱动、财务压力驱动、机会主义驱动、制度因素、道德因素等五个方面分析了舞弊性财务报告存在的原因,最后针对这些原因提出相关的政策建议。     

舞弊性财务报告的成因分析与防范对策

财务报告舞弊严重损害了投资者的利益，扰乱了市场经济秩序，可能导致整个资本市场信用体系的崩溃，威胁金融和经济稳定。本文从舞弊性财务报告的识别出发，从利益驱动、财务压力驱动、机会主义驱动、制度因素、道德因素等五个方面分析了舞弊性财务报告存在的原因。最后针对这些原因提出相关的政策建议。     

会计舞弊方式浅谈

我国上市公司会计舞弊案例频发,会计信息披露质量令人担忧,给投资者造成了重大损失。本文主要介绍了五种会计常用舞弊方法,结合公司案例进行分析,为市场监管人员和广大投资者提供了有效识别上市公司舞弊的技巧,同时对减少企业会计舞弊行为提出了建议。     

我国上市公司财务报告舞弊特征分析

上市公司财务报告舞弊是我国资本市场的一大顽疾,其长期存在不仅严重损害了投资者的利益,也阻碍了我国资本市场的良性发展.选择2000～2011年因财务报告舞弊被处罚的主板A股非金融类上市公司122家,共计237个统计样本,从行业特征、舞弊类型、舞弊并发性和持续性方面对上市公司财务报告舞弊特征进行统计分析,发现进行财务舞弊的上市公司在行业分布上多集中于制造业,在舞弊类型上以推迟披露为主并具有并发性,在舞弊时间上具有持续性.     

上市公司舞弊性财务报告及其防范与监管——基于中国证券监督委员会处罚公告的分析

舞弊性财务报告是全世界经济社会和会计职业界关注的重大问题。我国目前也面临其挑战。本文以中国证券监督委员会2002—2006年处罚公告中涉及的上市公司舞弊性财务报告为依据,对我国上市公司舞弊性财务报告的主要类型、手段等进行了统计分析。分析发现,舞弊公司表外舞弊严重,所占比重大;同时存在多种舞弊类型,典型的是虚假利润表和虚假披露;虚构销售业务、虚增资产、隐瞒对外担保分别成为虚假利润表、虚假资产负债表和虚假披露的最主要舞弊手段;舞弊公司同时采用多种舞弊方法,且舞弊行为持续年限在两年以上,最长的达9年。本文最后提出了相应的防范与监管建议。     

Corporate social responsibility and financial fraud: evidence from China

This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporate financial fraud in China. We find that CSR scores are negatively associated with fraudulent financial activities, suggesting that CSR firms are less likely to engage in financial fraud. The results also indicate that the negative relation is more significant for CSR performance than CSR disclosure. Additionally, we demonstrate that the negative effect of CSR is more pronounced for firms with voluntary CSR practices, continuous CSR engagements, financial pressure and internal control weaknesses. Overall, we find that CSR is an ethical behaviour that reduces financial misconduct.     

Fraudulent financial reporting in China: Evidence from corporate renaming

Using a sample of listed Chinese companies during 2010–2019, we examine whether corporate renaming is associated with fraudulent financial reporting. We find that companies that change their corporate names without making underlying changes to business fundamentals are more likely to commit financial reporting fraud. The positive association between corporate renaming and financial reporting fraud is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises and companies with a lower ownership concentration. There is further evidence that corporate renaming is more likely to be associated with disclosure-related fraud (e.g., failure to disclose or delayed disclosure) and that the likelihood of fraudulent behavior increases with the frequency of corporate renaming. Overall, the findings of this study provide evidence of a new red flag for regulators and investors investigating financial fraud. This study is timely and has policy implications for market regulators hoping to establish and improve emerging capital markets in which the information environment is generally considered weak and opaque.     

The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud

This paper provides new evidence on the characteristics of firms that commit financial statement fraud. We examine how previous earnings management impacts the likelihood that a firm will commit financial statement fraud and in doing so develop three new fraud predictors. Using a sample of 54 fraud and 54 non-fraud firms, we find that fraud firms are more likely to have managed earnings in prior years and that earnings management in prior years is associated with a higher likelihood that firms that meet or beat analyst forecasts or that inflate revenue are committing fraud. We further find that fraud firms are more likely to meet or beat analyst forecasts and inflate revenue than non-fraud firms are even when there is no evidence of prior earnings management. This paper contributes to the fraud detection literature and the earnings management literature, and can help practitioners and regulators develop better fraud detection models.     

基于GONE理论的上市公司财务报告舞弊识别研究

本文基于GONE理论,剖析了财务报告舞弊诱因的影响机理和舞弊行为的决策权衡机理,并选取2006～2009年因财务舞弊受处罚的上市公司为样本,实证分析了贪婪、机会、需要和暴露四因素与财务报告舞弊的关系,结果发现:在控制了一系列因素以后,管理层的风险偏好和剩余索取权引发的个体贪婪程度越高,治理结构不完善制造的舞弊机会越多,增发配股引发的组织需要程度越高,舞弊的可能性越大;审计意见类型和会计师事务所变更代表的发现机制越完善,暴露的可能性越大,舞弊的可能性越小。     

Top executives’ early-life experience and financial disclosure quality: impact from the Great Chinese Famine

This study investigates the impact of top executives’ Great Chinese Famine experience on firm financial disclosure quality. We find firms led by top executives who experienced the great famine in early life are less likely to conduct fraudulent financial reporting. The famine effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), smaller-cap, lower-profitability level firms and firms with weaker external monitoring. Further evidence suggests that top executives with great famine experience show greater tendency to implement secured debt structure, effective internal control and spend less on entertainment and travel costs, which in turn reduce the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting.     

Cooking the books: Recipes and costs of falsified financial statements in China

We examine the causes and consequences of falsified financial statements in China. Using bivariate probit regression analysis, we find that firms with high debt and that plan to make equity issues are more likely to manipulate their earnings and thus have to restate their financial reports in subsequent years. We also find that corporate governance structures have an effect on the occurrence and detection of financial fraud. There are significant negative consequences to fraudulent financial statements. Restating firms suffer negative abnormal stock returns, increases in their cost of capital, wider bid-ask spreads, a greater frequency of modified audit opinions, and greater CEO turnover. We also find that firms located in highly developed regions suffer more severe consequences when they manipulate their accounts.     

有效预警上市公司违规的递延所得税异动指标和人工智能模型

2000-2017年,3434家A股上市公司样本中的47.79%至少有一次违规记录,每年平均有17%的公司违规,而监管机构平均需要2.7年查证并通告违规行为。我们用当年数据构建递延所得税异动指标,可有效预判违规,并发现监管机构未能识别这一指标的警示作用,实际激励了违规公司通过操纵递延所得税提高财务指标以规避稽查。进一步构建决策树模型,对违规事件实现样本外精准判别。本文揭示了A股公司大面积违规而稽查过程冗长迟缓这一重要现象,并分析了违规机制,指出了所得税数据在稽查违规中可以发挥的预警作用,为监管者和投资者提供有效预警上市公司违规行为的新指标和方法。     

Perceived importance of red flags across fraud types

The purpose of this study is to examine whether internal auditors, external auditors and economic crime investigators perceive the importance of red flags as significantly different across two fraud types: fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets, as well as across within-subject categories. A total of 471 useable responses were collected using a web-based survey. The findings indicate that significant differences exist on both single and aggregate mean levels among the participant groups. Internal auditors report a higher perceived importance of the red flags related to detecting misappropriation of assets than of those related to fraudulent financial reporting, whereas the opposite is true for economic crime investigators. For external auditors, only small differences in aggregate means between misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting were found. As the sensitivity to fraud type may affect professional planning, procedures and techniques with regard to fraud prevention, detection and investigation, the results may have both practical and theoretical implications. Further, the focus on both fraud types adds to prior literature on fraud.     

有效预警上市公司违规的递延所得税异动指标和人工智能模型

2000-2017年,3434家A股上市公司样本中的47.79%至少有一次违规记录,每年平均有17%的公司违规,而监管机构平均需要2.7年查证并通告违规行为。我们用当年数据构建递延所得税异动指标,可有效预判违规,并发现监管机构未能识别这一指标的警示作用,实际激励了违规公司通过操纵递延所得税提高财务指标以规避稽查。进一步构建决策树模型,对违规事件实现样本外精准判别。本文揭示了A股公司大面积违规而稽查过程冗长迟缓这一重要现象,并分析了违规机制,指出了所得税数据在稽查违规中可以发挥的预警作用,为监管者和投资者提供有效预警上市公司违规行为的新指标和方法。