共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
区域服务贸易安排的不断蔓延标志着世界服务贸易的管理模式正在发生变化。本文基于与多边服务贸易自由化安排相对照的视角,对区域服务贸易安排提供的特惠待遇内容及实质展开政治经济分析。研究结果显示,由于区域服务贸易安排内涵着重要的"特惠侵蚀"机制:一是引入"非成员最惠国待遇条款",二是设立相对自由的服务原产地规则,实际付诸实施的区域服务贸易"特惠待遇"远不如根据协定文本测算得那么显著。从"服务"的特殊属性出发,本文指出有一系列的政治经济因素会促使区域服务贸易安排具有更强的将特惠承诺向区外扩展适用的潜在动力。区域服务贸易"特惠待遇"在本质上具有"渗漏性"这点会有助于推进多边服务贸易自由化进程。 相似文献
2.
中国对外签订区域服务贸易协议的对象多数来自于亚洲和拉美的发展中经济体,呈现出从"货物先行"向"货服并行"转变的趋势。在区域服务贸易自由化机制设计方面,中国引入了四大创新因素:服务贸易规则和投资规则"分立"构架且各自的适用范围界定明确;尝试构建服务贸易紧急保障制度;设置更加严格的服务贸易政策审议机制;针对特定缔约对象采取相对宽泛的服务原产地规则。中国应该从国内规制改革和服务部门开放顺序选择方面做好战略谋划与策略应对。 相似文献
3.
《国际贸易问题》2021,(2):143-158
本文基于区域贸易协定数据库对涉及42个国家(地区) 2000—2014年的区域贸易协定服务贸易条款深度进行测度,并利用全球价值链指标数据库考察了RTA服务贸易条款深度对增加值贸易关联的影响。研究结果表明:区域贸易协定服务贸易条款总深度对增加值贸易关联存在显著的促进作用,其中,服务章节引用《服务贸易协定》相关规则、包含国民待遇条款、允许无商业存在条件下提供贸易、允许自然人流动以及包含审议条款能够显著提高缔约国之间的增加值贸易关联。进一步研究发现:一方面,经济水平发展相似的国家深化服务贸易条款深度可以获得更高的增加值贸易关联水平;另一方面,服务贸易条款深度一体化可以通过削减双边国家的贸易成本提高企业出口预期信心,还可以通过技术溢出效应进一步吸收来自国外高效率的生产环节,提升双边国家的价值链嵌入水平。 相似文献
4.
徐昕 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2015,(2):58-67,86
区域贸易协定的蓬勃发展推动各国不断开放各自的金融服务贸易。但金融危机的爆发使人们认识到,全球金融服务贸易的健康发展需要在自由化与审慎监管之间保持适度的平衡。然而,当前已有FTAs中的金融监管审慎例外简单挪用GATS模本,在条款本身的准确度、与FTAs的协调度以及对金融监管改革的包容度方面都显示出不足,无法给各方尤其是发展中国家提供足够的审慎监管空间。中国不应盲目跟从他国FTAs的范本,而是应结合本国具体国情设计出符合当前发展阶段的金融审慎例外条款。 相似文献
5.
陈永强;于雪莲;张明 《全国流通经济》2024,(24):60-65
本文运用贸易引力模型,分析和探讨了数字服务贸易壁垒对数字服务出口的影响及其潜在机制,同时检验了数字贸易规则在国家间数字服务出口方面的调节作用。研究结果表明,数字服务贸易壁垒加剧了制度距离和数字鸿沟,对双边数字服务出口产生了显著的阻碍作用,但区域贸易协定中数字贸易规则条款可以使这种壁垒的负面影响得到一定程度的调节,而且随着数字贸易规则深度的加强,这种调节作用变得更加显著。研究还发现与双边RTA数字贸易规则相比,多边RTA中的数字贸易规则调节作用更强。在数字贸易规则条款异质性方面,RTA中的关于知识产权的条款对数字服务出口的调节作用更强,大于数据相关的条款。 相似文献
6.
《国际商务-(对外经济贸易大学学报)》2014,(1)
本文对区域服务贸易协定的多样性和创新性的定性分析发现,在被寄予厚望的几项议题中,区域服务贸易协定遇到的困难并不比GATS少,区域服务贸易协定条款的多样性和创新性也许被高估了。而从定量分析来看,GATS型RTAS对GATS的承诺水平超越是最少的;NAFTA型总体上表现出较强的"GATS+"特征,其中第二代NAFTA型又明显比第一代NAFTA型的特性更明显;EU型RTAS的"GATS+"特性仅次于第二代NAFTA型RTAS;整体而言,RTAS的"GATS+"特征差强人意。 相似文献
7.
8.
自20世纪90年代以来,我国积极参与区域经济合作,开展了双边、区域及多边的贸易谈判,签署了多个区域贸易协定(RegionalTrdde Agreement,简称RTA),为我国的对外经贸关系发展提供了制度性保障,也提高了我国的经贸合作水平. 相似文献
9.
本在介绍GATS“例外条款”的基础上,认为这些“例外条款”不仅能为我国服务业留下更大生存空间,而且对发展我国服务业有着积极的作用。 相似文献
10.
刘丹 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2005,(10):23-28
服务贸易是 CEPA 中的一大特点,同时也是世界各主要区域贸易组织在法律体制的建设方面所注重的。本文首先从 CEPA 产生的背景,即 WTO 规则下的区域贸易安排,并着重介绍了主要区域贸易组织的服务贸易法律模式,为与 CEPA 中的服务贸易法律模式的比较作出铺垫;然后,在分析 CEPA 的法律框架的基础上, 从条约法和 WTO 规则这两个不同的角度分析 CEPA 体现的区际服务贸易的法律特性,得出 CEPA 及其贸易法律模式是符合国际惯例、符合 WTO 规则的结论。最后,从制度建设的角度,提出对 CEPA 区际服务贸易法律体制的协调与完善的具体对策与建议。 相似文献
11.
This paper looks at market access and national treatment commitments for services in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and in 95 regional trade agreements (RTAs) involving the countries that are covered in the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI). The objective is to quantify the impact of legal bindings on trade in services that result from a reduction in the uncertainty faced by exporters. Bilateral bindings indices are created for five broad service sectors (professional services, computer services, telecoms, financial services and transport services). They indicate how close the sector is from a fully bound regime with no possibility to introduce any new trade barrier, by comparing commitments with the actual trade regime. These bilateral indices are then tested over the period 2000–2014 in a structural gravity model. Despite differences across sectors, the results confirm that the legal bindings typically found in services trade agreements tend to have a positive impact on exports even if no actual liberalisation takes place. 相似文献
12.
文章借助WTO与世界银行联合建立的Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal数据库构建服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率指标,选取Trade in value-added数据库2005年至2015年27个国家(地区)制造业增加值出口的国内增加值和国外增加值数据,通过实证分析,得出结论:(1)服务贸易协定生效在短时间内对制造业国内增加值和国外增加值出口存在显著的促进效应,且随着生效年限增加,促进效应也在加强;(2)服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率越高,对制造业增加值出口的促进作用越强。根据国家收入水平对服务贸易协定进行分类的异质性分析结果显示:(1)发达国家(地区)与其他国家(地区)签订服务贸易协定对其制造业增加值出口的提升没有显著正向影响,甚至表现出负面影响;(2)发展中国家(地区)之间签订的服务贸易协定能够在生效2年后显著促进发展中国家(地区)制造业国外增加值出口。 相似文献
13.
Qifei Chen;Yanzhi Shen; 《The World Economy》2024,47(7):2909-2946
Our paper builds a novel panel data sourced from the Regional Trade Agreements Database and Database on International Trade in Services Statistics (ITSS) to explore the heterogeneous effects of service trade agreements on services trade. Then we employ a gravity model with the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation and obtain the following findings: First, both general service trade agreements and deep service trade agreements promote services trade. Yet, deep trade agreements have a higher trade-expansion effect (roughly 21.53%) on services trade compared to general ones (16.9%). Next, based on the content of trade-related provisions, we find provisions of rights of non-establishment and natural person movement largely increase the services trade, while review provisions do not have a significant impact on services trade. Surprisingly, provisions with MFN status even exhibit a negative relationship with services trade. Third, with whom you sign the agreements matters. Deep trade agreements exert a positive and significant impact on services trade between high-income countries (NN), low-income countries (SS) and high- to low-income countries (NS), but are insignificant between low- to high-income countries (SN). Four, emerging regions, including China, may benefit more from deep trade agreements. As indicated by propensity score matching, deep trade agreements reduce service trade costs and improve the business environment more effectively than GTAs. Our empirical results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of DTAs and GTAs. Our findings provide direct evidence for the role of deep service trade agreements in fostering international economic integration. 相似文献
14.
知识型服务贸易的核心包含在信息服务贸易、技术服务贸易、金融服务贸易和专业服务贸易这四类载体中。本文通过详细分析当前我国这四类服务贸易的现状及问题,对我国如何更好地发展知识型服务贸易进行了探析。 相似文献
15.
《The World Economy》2018,41(5):1223-1250
Literature examining WTO + commitments in services trade agreements (STA s) has not considered the role of services regulation. We bridge this gap using a sample of 15 South/South‐East Asian countries, given the burgeoning trend of Asian economies towards services preferentialism and the largely WTO + nature of their preferential services commitments. Our empirical findings suggest that Asian trading dyads with regulatory frameworks that are more similar and more trade restrictive tend to undertake higher levels of WTO + commitments in their STA s. There is also evidence in our results, including by modes of supply, for WTO + commitments in Asian STA s being driven by goods trade complementarities, alluding to supply chain dynamics in the region. Such results support the hypothesis that the heightened “servicification” of production generates a demand to lower services input costs arising from regulatory incidence and heterogeneity. 相似文献
16.
Despite the cost and resource‐effectiveness of joint trade negotiations and complementarities between goods and services‐trade flows, more than 12% of the 132 WTO‐notified services‐trade agreements (STAs) in force until August 2015 were entered into effect sequentially to goods‐trade accords. This stylised fact motivates our study of the determinants of joint versus sequential negotiation/accession of goods and services accords, a subject hitherto unexplored in the growing literature on the determinants of STA membership. Our results suggest larger marginal effects of fundamental economic, geographic, institutional, doing business and services regulatory factors on the propensity of joint negotiation/accession compared to STA formation alone. Moreover, cultural‐distance variables are only found to affect the likelihood of joint preferential liberalisation of goods and services trade, without influencing STA‐only membership. 相似文献
17.
Robert C. Shelburne 《The World Economy》2001,24(3):359-378
It is hypothesized that the institutional acceptability of child labor will be more prevalent when the other members of a society gain from its use. Therefore, the cross‐country variation in the prevalence of child labor depends on the degree to which child labor affects the welfare of the remaining members of a society. It is demonstrated theoretically that the non‐child‐labor factors gain from child labor when the economy is closed. As an economy becomes more open to international trade, those gains diminish and even turn negative as the size of the economy increases. Child labor will not exist in capital abundant countries since, in them, child labor makes the non‐child‐labor factors worse off. It is shown empirically that the cross‐country prevalence of child labor falls with increases in a nation's per capita income, its openness to trade, and its economic size. It is argued that trade sanctions, as a remedy for child labor, may be counter‐productive since an open economy reduces the benefits of child labor to the other members of a society, and thereby reduces the society's incentive to allow child labor. The model also demonstrates that the economic changes brought on by democracy undermine the practice of child labor. 相似文献
18.
This essay deals with the challenge that international organizations face at the turn of the millennium. The basic insight from the theory of clubs and information theory is that coordination and cooperation require dominant providers. Cooperation becomes more difficult as players become more equal in economic size. Today's environment is less conducive to cooperation than the environment after World War II. By extension, club theory suggests that Regional Trade Agreements are not flukes. They have proliferated because cooperation is feasible in smaller groups with a few larger players. There is a significant risk, however, that regional blocs may replace the multilateral cooperative process. To reduce this risk we propose the creation of an inter‐bloc international organization dedicated to reduce blocs' barriers to trade and finance. 相似文献
19.
Production networks (PNs) can be defined as a determinant of trade partnership. Deepening PNs may generate positive welfare effects and lead to a proliferation in the formation of interdependent regional trade agreements (RTAs). This paper theoretically develops the link between PNs and the formation of RTAs and empirically investigates the link by applying a qualitative choice model estimation methodology (probit) with panel data that covers bilateral country‐pairs among 147 countries between 2000 and 2010. We find that the RTA formation has been strongly driven by deepening PNs between members as well as with third countries. We also find that production network‐driven RTA interdependence is member specific. 相似文献
20.
刘彬 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2011,18(5):5-8,26
区域贸易协定与WTO纪律的相符性问题是国际司法实践中的一大难题。法理学者朗·富勒论述了司法的主要特征与局限,指出"多中心任务"不适合司法解决,这一思想对国际法具有高度借鉴价值。受制于一系列复杂因素,区域贸易协定与WTO纪律的相符性问题是一个典型的"多中心任务",可司法性较弱。"多中心任务"不适合司法解决的思想,为国际法治推进过程中政治与法律的分野提供了新的分析工具。 相似文献