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This article examines the paradox that a supermajority rule in a legislature promotes excessive government spending. We propose a simple conjecture: If rent‐seeking coalitions dominate legislative politics and if individual legislators' demands for rent‐seeking activities are price‐inelastic, a change of legislative rules from simple majority to a supermajority will lead to greater public spending, other things equal. Using data from U.S. state legislatures, 1970 to 2007, we find that the adoption of a supermajority rule has a robust, positive impact on various types of tax revenues and government expenditures. 相似文献
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Giovanni Ganelli 《Open Economies Review》2008,19(2):241-259
This paper studies the domestic and international effects of “public competition policies” aimed at improving the efficiency
of public spending. Such measures are modeled as an increase in the price elasticity of public consumption. The paper finds
that public competition policies significantly affect macroeconomic interdependence across countries, both through the impact
of the international elasticity of substitution and of mark-up effects. The paper also develops an extension in which fiscal
shocks are stochastic. In welfare terms, countries with a larger government sector have an incentive to promote global public
competition policies regardless of whether fiscal policy is modeled as deterministic or stochastic.
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Giovanni GanelliEmail: |
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科技部火炬高技术产业开发中心 《中国科技产业》2007,(8):52-54
国家火炬计划自1988年实施以来,经过18年的发展,国家级火炬计划项目的立项累计达到14884项。尤其是"十五"期间,国家级火炬计划项目每年立项都在1500项以上,各地方科技部门上报项目的积极性有增无减,体现了企业对高科技项目的投入和参与程度。截止到2006年,正 相似文献
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Astghik Mavisakalyan 《Southern economic journal》2011,78(2):397-423
This article examines the impact of immigration on private school enrollment through the mechanism of public education spending. It finds that the immigrant share of population raises private school enrollment across countries by leading to a decrease in the share of public education spending. The decrease is driven by responses to immigrants from culturally similar and developed countries. This suggests that the role of public schools in promoting social cohesion among diverse populations is weighted against other concerns in education funding decisions in places with immigrant populations. The endogeneity of immigrant share is accounted for by using an instrument constructed from gravity model estimates. 相似文献
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在新的历史时期,现代教育与国家安全关系十分密切。现代教育通过提供知识人才保证,促进政治、经济、文化、科技、军事等的安全与发展,从而促进国家安全与发展。新疆地处祖国的边陲,有着特殊的地理位置。而新疆边疆地区的教育,是发展民族经济、巩固民族团结、防止恐怖渗透、保证边疆稳定的重要基础。发展新疆边境教育应做好以下几点:合理调整布局;改善办学条件;提高教师素质;加强双语教师队伍建设。 相似文献
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为消除新疆农民消费支出的地区差异,实现各地区经济均衡发展。文章利用SPSS16.0对新疆各地区农村居民人均消费支出进行因子和聚类分析,得出各地区间的消费支出差异状况,并提出通过刺激农村居民消费需求,合理调整农村居民消费结构,实现新疆各地区经济均衡发展。 相似文献
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发展公益性文化事业,促进文化落后地区的共享发展,不仅是发展社会主义先进文化的本质要求,同时也是构建社会主义和谐社会重要组成部分.共享发展理念的提出体现的是党对社会主义发展规律的深刻把握,是对当前社会主义建设基本国情的再认识.促进公益性文化事业共享发展,繁荣公益性文化事业将成为党在"十三五"时期需要完成的一项重大任务,而从共享发展的角度来寻求与我国文化事业发展的契合点,既能丰富和完善共享发展理论体系,推动我国公益性文化事业向着更高水平发展,又可以为实现全面建成小康社会以及中华民族伟大复兴梦奠定坚实的文化基础. 相似文献
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政府卫生支出的有效性、地区差异及其人口健康改善 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用健康生产模型.运用我国1997~2005年各省面板数据,说明我国政府卫生支出与改善人口健康状况之间的关系.为即将推行的卫生医疗改革各项公共管理政策的制定和实施。提供理论支持以及实证分析的证据。我国政府卫生支出是决定人口健康水平的一个关键因素,但政策制定者需要兼顾"投入的规模和管理的有效",同时,卫生医疗改革政策需要因地制宜,中央财政部门急需建立一套考核各级政府卫生支出管理绩效水平的系统指标体系。 相似文献
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本文利用SAM和动态投入产出模型预测了通过提高公共教育投资以延长人口红利的可行性。假定政府扩张教育投入至GDP4.5%,施行高中义务教育,虽然在短期内由于挤占经济建设投资,会导致经济增速下降,但其长期效应包括:使高中和研究生学历人力资源迅速扩张,显著提升现代制造、科教、服务业的生产率,为产业结构升级打下基础;居民和企业相对收入提高,有利于经济增长模式转变;GDP增长率将随着人力资本的积累而回升,增长在人口红利拐点后得以延续。 相似文献
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针对当前大众创业热潮背景下存在的创业质量不高、创新性不足等问题,从经济增长数量和经济增长质量两个维度,分析大众创业对经济发展的影响,且需要在不同发展阶段和不同经济区域考察大众创业对经济发展影响的异质性。从就业效应、竞争效应、创新效应和结构效应四个方面分析了大众创业对经济发展的影响机制,认为创业活动不仅通过就业效应和竞争效应影响经济增长数量,促进短期经济增长,更重要的是,创业活动会通过创新效应和结构效应影响经济增长质量,促进长期经济增长。 相似文献
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The present paper uses a panel dataset to estimate the marginal returns to different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty reduction in Thailand. The study finds that additional government spending on agricultural research provides the largest return in terms of agricultural productivity and has the second largest impact on rural poverty reduction. Increased investment in rural electrification has the largest poverty reduction impact, mainly through improved nonfarm employment. Rural education has the third largest impact on both productivity and poverty reduction. Irrigation has a positive impact on agricultural productivity, but regional variation is considerable. Government spending on rural roads has no significant impact on agricultural productivity and its poverty reduction impact ranks last among all investment alternatives considered. Additional investment in the Northeast Region has a greater impact on poverty reduction than in other regions. 相似文献
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John V. Winters 《Southern economic journal》2016,83(2):527-549
State merit aid programs have been found to reduce the likelihood that students attend college out of state. Using the U.S. News & World Report (USNWR) rankings of colleges and universities to measure college quality and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data to measure enrollment, we explore how this reduction in out‐of‐state enrollment differs by the academic quality of the institution. Our difference‐in‐differences results suggest that state merit aid programs do not induce students to forgo attending top 15 ranked schools. However, state merit aid does induce some students to forgo attending out‐of‐state schools ranked below the top 15 and shifts them toward lower quality in‐state schools, so that the net effect is a reduction in academic quality, as measured by USNWR. These effects may have long‐term implications for students' degree completion rates and labor market earnings. 相似文献
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基本公共服务水平与经济发展水平相互协调均衡是促进社会经济健康平稳发展、改善不平衡不充分问题的重要基础性保障。通过对比分析后发现,我国基本公共服务水平与经济发展水平不完全协调一致,经济发展水平总体高于基本公共服务水平;在此基础上,利用熵权法合成了覆盖七大领域的基本公共服务综合评价指数,客观测度了我国2011-2020年省级基本公共服务的综合水平,同时结合探索性空间数据分析法探究了我国省级基本公共服务空间相关程度,对我国基本公共服务水平的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:十年间我国基本公共服务水平整体显著提高,省际间表现出显著的空间正相关性,经济发展水平是影响基本公共服务水平的关键因素,一般公共服务支出、人口密度、城市化水平等因素的正向作用也较为显著。研究成果为进一步促进我国基本公共服务水平与经济发展水平相互协调均衡,缩小基本公共服务水平的城乡和区域差距,改善不平衡不充分的发展问题,提供了可资参考的战略取向。 相似文献