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Philippe Cyrenne 《Review of Industrial Organization》2009,34(3):193-215
This paper outlines a simple model of professional sports contests that can provide a number of useful insights into the operations
of professional sports leagues. The model incorporates a concern for competitive balance on the part of fans and has the advantage
that a number of league market structures can be analyzed using standard industrial organization techniques. The model can
also be used to determine the effect of a number of league rules including revenue sharing, payroll caps, and luxury taxes
on the respective demands for talented players. In addition, it can be shown that the model of professional sports contests
developed here has a useful parallel with a standard model of differentiated products.
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John Vrooman 《Review of Industrial Organization》2009,34(1):5-44
Based on the limiting assumption that sports owners are profit maximizers the invariance proposition holds that revenue sharing has no impact on competitive balance in sports leagues. If owners are win-maximizing sportsmen instead, then revenue sharing can lead to increased competitive balance and higher payrolls. Evidence of the sportsman effect is provided by erosion of monopsonistic exploitation in the four major American sports leagues where players now share about 60% of revenues. Monopsony power erosion forces sports-league cartels to exploit statutory monopoly power in monster deals for media rights fees and public venue subsidies. New evidence on competitive balance suggests that revenue sharing leads to increased balance with or without team salary caps. Optimum competitive balance is an empirical question, and the answer lies between random competition of the NFL and deterministic dynasties of the NBA. 相似文献
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This paper explores the changing competitive balance in Major League Baseball through the relative-entropy measure of information theory. It is shown that while competitive balance in both leagues has been on an upward path during the 20th century, the path has had numerous detours that resulted from some on-the-field and some off-the-field changes that Major League Baseball has undergone during the past 75 years. The most important detours occurred in the wake of the Black Sox scandal of 1919, Jackie Robinson's breaking the color barrier and the concurrent spread of television and erosion of the minor leagues, franchise moves and major league expansion, and free agency. 相似文献
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This paper studies the relationship between competitive strategy and improvement in the competitive position of pioneers and followers in the mobile telecommunications industry. The analysis uses a panel of data comprising all the actions of European firms operating in the digital mobile telecommunications industry with GSM 900 and/or DCS 1800 networks. The results show that competitors gain market share when they follow competitive strategies that are different from those of other firms. The paper also finds that price reduction actions represent the best approach for followers, while differentiation actions are the most effective strategy for pioneers. 相似文献
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黄娟 《地质技术经济管理》2008,(1):77-79
银行危机预警指标体系是我国银行危机预警体系中的重要组成部分。结合国内外的一些研究成果,认为银行危机预警属于宏观与微观相结合的研究范畴,所以在构建预警指标体系时综合考虑外部环境对银行业的影响和冲击以及银行业自身运营状况两个方面,选取8个宏观经济指标和5个大类、13个分类银行体系自身指标构建起我国银行危机预警指标体系。 相似文献
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分析了影响采油厂生产运行效率的主要因素,介绍了中原油田采油一厂推行的“节点分控法”,即:制定有效的生产运行效率量化指标,打造独具特色的节点分控网络,探索出生产运行由定性化考评向定量化考评转变的创新管理模式。为提高采油厂的生产运行效率提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
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京津冀都市圈人口变动与城市化的空间发展态势--基于ROXY指数分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以都市圈为空间地域单元,以全国人口普查数据为基础,综合运用多种计量方法系统分析京津冀都市圈人口变动与空间分布特征,并构建ROXY指数方法,探讨京津冀都市圈整体人口变动态势及核心城市北京、天津的城市化发展阶段及空间演化路径。研究表明,目前京津冀都市圈人口变动呈加速态势,城镇体系呈“双核”格局,各区域人口贡献度差异悬殊,人口空间分布不均等,人口城市化度稳步提升;京津冀都市圈总体上处于人口向空间分散的趋势变动,人口郊区化特征逐渐显现;北京和天津分别处于人口郊区化向逆城市化的过度阶段及人口城市化向郊区化的过渡阶段,都市圈的核心城市人口城市化演进更加迅速和成熟。 相似文献