人文资本特征、居民支付意愿与住宅价格

在构建人文资本与住宅意愿支付价格关系模型的基础上,运用2006年天津市有关数据,研究了人文资本特征对住宅价格的影响,并对人文资本特征溢价值进行了测算。对天津市的实证分析表明,人文资本密度指标中,只有居民素质、物业服务质量、小区周边体育场的距离对住宅总价有一定的影响,但并不显著。这说明人们对人文资本特征的偏好非常弱,天津市居民的住宅需求还处于基本需求阶段,尚未大规模进入改善需求阶段。以上结论对正确认识消费者偏好、公共投资效应、城市规划状况及住宅价格的合理性,具有重要的参考价值。     

Human capital,investment and growth: Some results from an endogenous growth model

Recent theoretical literature on the sources of economic growth has emphasized the role of human capital as an internal contributing force in the growth process. Empirical results reported in this paper provide support for this theoretical proposition. Cross-country data from 32 developing countries indicate that human capital (as alternatively measured by the primary school enrollment rate or the adult literacy rate) exerts a significant positive impact upon output growth.     

Endogenous growth, the Solow model and human capital

Both endogenous growth theory and the (augmented) Solow model propose a role for human capital in the growth process though each is based on different conceptual arguments. Since both approaches can justify the inclusion of human capitallevels andgrowth rates in an output growth regression the two theories cannot readily be distinguished empirically. This paper argues that the variable most commonly used in empirical studies to proxy human capital (levels or growth) — school enrolment rates (SERs) — may capture bothstock andaccumulation effects, butchanges in SERs can provide useful additional dynamic information on the contribution of human capital to growth. Empirical evidence from samples of developed and less developed countries during 1960–85 suggests important growth effects associated both with initial levels of, and changes in, SERs. The nature of these effects appears to differ between the two country groups.I am grateful to an anonymous referee and to Subrata Ghatak for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper, and to Massimo Suardi for research assistance     

Utilization of fixed capital and Soviet industrial growth

Growth rates of output and factor productivity in Soviet industry fluctuate around a long-term downward trend. These fluctuations can be partially explained by fluctuations in the growth of services of capital. The capacity utilization rate is taken as a proxy for the extent of utilization of capital stock. Variations in the capacity utilization rate explain a significant part of the changes in the rate of growth of total factor productivity between 1970–1983. Declines in the capacity utilization rate are caused by errors in the allocation of investment, which create an imbalance of capacities between raw-materials and manufacturing sectors.Useful suggestions by Emil Bej, Robert Cambell, Richard Harmstone, Kenneth Gray, and Josef Brada are grateful acknowledged     

生产资料价格与国民经济运行指标关联关系的实证研究

当前,我国宏观经济调控处于"稳增长"与"稳物价"的微妙平衡,而生产资料作为国家经济建设的基础物质条件,其供需变化不仅与经济增长相关,也与社会物价水平密切相关。本文依据2001年至2010年10年间的生产资料价格数据,对生产资料价格与主要宏观经济指标的关联关系及其与PPI、CPI等价格指标的传导规律进行了实证研究,并在此基础上提出了有利于我国稳定通胀预期、把握价格规律的政策建议。     

房地产的资本通路

2007年7月，广东碧桂园集团（2007．HK）对外宣布，该公司已经在湖北省武汉市、湖南省张家界市及安徽省巢湖市投得4幅土地，总建筑面积224万平方米，投资金额4．05亿元人民币。8月，该公司又宣布斥资10．9亿元在天津等地投得四幅土地。     

Why the MPC is unlikely to join the negative rate club

• ▀ The economic shock from the coronavirus has warmed up the MPC's long-held coolness toward negative interest rates. But we think there are a number of reasons why such a move is unlikely.
• ▀ While taking rates below zero could lower banks’ funding costs and encourage lending, the net economic effect is ambiguous. Also, ‘sticky’ deposit rates would hit banks’ already strained profitability, risking paradoxical effects.
• ▀ The MPC has better-targeted tools available to it. If the MPC wanted to lower borrowing costs, increasing the generosity of the Term Funding Scheme could deliver the benefits of negative rates while reducing adverse effects. And the present scale of fiscal support reduces the need for looser monetary policy.

     

The phantom of the opera: Cultural amenities, human capital, and regional economic growth

We analyze the extent to which endogenous cultural amenities affect the spatial equilibrium share of high-human-capital employees. To overcome endogeneity, we draw on a quasi-natural experiment in German history and exploit the exogenous spatial distribution of baroque opera houses built as a part of rulers' competition for prestigious cultural sights. Robustness tests confirm our strategy and strengthen the finding that proximity to a baroque opera house significantly affects the spatial equilibrium share of high-human-capital employees. A cross-region growth regression shows that these employees induce local knowledge spillovers and shift a location to a higher growth path.     

Time to build capital: Revisiting investment-cash-flow sensitivities

A large body of empirical work has established the significance of cash flow in explaining investment dynamics. This finding is further taken as evidence of capital market imperfections. We show, using a perfect capital markets model, that time-to-build for capital projects creates an investment-cash-flow sensitivity as found in empirical studies that may not be indicative of capital market frictions. The result is due to mis-specification present in empirical investment-q equations under time-to-build investment. In addition, time aggregation error can give rise to cash-flow effects independently of the time-to-build effect. Importantly, both errors arise independently of potential measurement error in q. Evidence from a large panel of U.K. manufacturing firms confirms the validity of the time-to-build investment channel.     

A cointegration approach to modeling human capital formation,self-employment,and economic growth: evidence from Pakistan

This study aims to empirically investigate the dynamics of relationship among human capital formation, self-employment (SE), and economic growth in Pakistan. Using quarterly data of primary school enrollment, SE, and GDP per capita, we employed ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration covering the time span of 1995–2010. We found that in the long run, primary school enrollment, high school enrollment and SE have significant impact on economic growth. Enrollment in primary schools (EP) has a strong positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas enrollment in high school has a relatively small positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run in Pakistan. Further, SE has a small, positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. In short run, enrollments in high schools and SE have weak positive impact on economic growth whereas, EP has a strong positive and significant impact on economic growth in Pakistan. Further it is found that that there is unidirectional long run causality from self employment to economic growth followed by the bidirectional short run causality between economic growth and high school enrollment, GDP per capita and primary school enrollment, high school enrollment and primary school enrollment.     

Note on positive lower bound of capital in the stochastic growth model

In the context of the classical stochastic growth model, we provide a simple proof that the optimal capital sequence is strictly bounded away from zero whenever the initial capital is strictly positive. We assume that the utility function is bounded below and the shocks affecting output are bounded. However, the proof does not require an interval shock space, thus, admitting both discrete and continuous shocks. Further, we allow for finite marginal product at zero capital. Finally, we use our result to show that any optimal capital sequence converges globally to a unique invariant distribution, which is bounded away from zero.     

Non-founder human capital and the long-run growth and survival of high-tech ventures

This paper considers the impact of non-founder human capital on high-tech firms' long-run growth and survival. Drawing upon threshold theory, we explore how lack of access to complementary skills at different points in the life course impacts founders' thresholds for exit. We examine these factors using a unique longitudinal dataset tracking the performance and survival of a sample of UK high-tech firms over thirteen years as the firms move from youth into maturity. We find that firms that survive but do not grow are characterized by difficulty in accessing complementary managerial skills in youth, while firms that grow but subsequently exit are characterized by shortfalls of specialized complementary skills during adolescence. Firms that grow and survive do not report skills shortfalls. We discuss the implications of these resource constraints for entrepreneurs’ decisions to persist or exit through the life course.     

Corporate growth,corporate strategy,and the choice of capital structure

The interaction between a firm's strategic decisions and its financial policies has become an increasingly frequent topic in the managerial economics literature. We examine here a dimension of that interaction that has not previously been addressed, and suggest a new framework for defining the manner in which choices of strategy and choices of capital structure might be jointly determined, in an environment where upward pressures on factor costs and product prices are the norm.     

房价与地价，谁拉动了谁？

持续上涨的房价成为社会关注的民生话题，也是政府宏观调控的重要切入点。有些人认为，房价居高不下，是由于实行招拍挂后地价太高，是地价高导致了房价高。只要降低地价，就可以把房价降下来。现实情况是不是这样，很值得商榷。     

破解土地价格“剪刀差“难题——以重点城市的居住地价和工业地价为例

“剪刀差”概念源于20世纪20年代前苏联的超额税，是对不合理的工农业产品价格的概括，其实质是工农业产品的不等价交换。随着我国城市化和工业化的不断推进，地价“剪刀差”这一现象开始在我国土地市场领域中出现，而且这种差异呈现不断拉大的趋势。然而，学者们较多关注的是政府廉价征地和高价出让土地之间的地价“剪刀差”现象，对不同用途土地价格的‘剪刀差”现象研究得很少。因此，对近几年我国重点城市的居住地价和工业地价的“剪刀差”现象进行一些研究，分析不同用途土地价格‘剪刀差”存在的原因并提出解决方法，很有必要。     

首都经济圈城市化质量测度

引进阿特金森模型,构建了首都经济圈城市化发展质量的分要素测度模型和分段测度模型,对首都经济圈城市化发展质量的阶段性特征、空间分异特征、分类特征、协调性特征做了总体评价。研究发现,2009年首都经济圈处于城市化发展质量优化和提升阶段;首都经济圈城市化发展质量在空间上呈现出中部京津唐地区最高,南部石家庄、邯郸地区次之,北部张承地区及保定、衡水地区最低的态势;京津地区经济、社会城市化发展质量高于河北省的11个地级市,而空间城市化保障质量相对河北省各地级市较弱;北京市、天津市为城市化质量滞后型区域,环首都经济圈的承德市、廊坊市、保定市、沧州市为城市化速度滞后型区域,其余地市为城市化协调型区域。     

国有资本会计初探

本文在国家财务获得独立以及对国有资本经营的管理进入实质性阶段的背景下,提出应该建立国有资本会计体系,以加强国有资本管理,防止国有资本流失,确保国有资本保值增值目标的实现。     

强化国有银行的固定资产管理

随着金融业务的拓展,各国有银行对营业用房的购买、装修、电子设备等固定资产需求扩大,固定资产投入和存量的管理变得日益重要。同时,由于长期以来管理体制、制度等多重因素不完全协调同步,各银行在固定资产投入及管理方面的矛盾日益突出,逐步暴露出各种问题。作者在调研的基础上,分析了目前国有银行在固定资产管理中所存在的问题及原因,并对相关问题提出看法和建议。■问题及成因突破控制指标,占用信贷资金财政部在1993年颁布的《金融保险企业财务制度》中规定:“银行固定资产净值占资本金的比重最高不得超过30%”。但目前国有银行在固定资…     

北京：人口剧增背景下的房价综合治理

北京市人口呈现爆炸式增长,有观点认为应放任房价上涨以此解决人口问题。本文从分析北京市近年来人口变动情况及北京市房价现状入手,分析“高房价抑制人口增长论”,提出解决人口剧增的根本性办法是加快城乡统筹,从宏观层面予以解决。在北京市人口剧增的背景下,北京房价的调控措施应该包括坚持限购政策、开征房产税、加大保障性住房建设、打击市场上垄断投机、骗购骗租等不良行为。     

Determinants of the stock price reaction to leveraged buyouts

This paper investigates the determinants of leveraged buyout activity through the use of an abnormal return premium from the time of the first announcement through the final trading day. Consistent with the free. cash flow theory, firms with either high free cash flow or low Tobin’s q have higher abnormal returns. However, the returns to firms with both high free cash flow and low Tobin’s q are lower than firms with just one of these characteristics. Firms which substantially increase leverage and management buyouts with high insider ownership prior to the buyout have lower abnormal returns. Firms with lower risk, and therefore greater debt capacity, have higher abnormal returns.