教育对经济增长贡献的计量分析

教育在经济增长中起着重要作用，是促进经济增长的重要因素；经济增长反过来又能够支撑着教育，并有利于它的发展。两者呈现出辩证的相关关系，形成良性循环。本文从研究教育对经济增长贡献的角度出发，分析、认识这种辩证关系。     

省际贸易对中国经济增长的贡献研究

研究目标：考察省际贸易对经济增长的贡献。研究方法：区分结构影响与部门影响的因素分解模型。研究发现：第一,消费对中国经济增长的贡献比重在下降;省际调出因素和出口因素的贡献比重在上升。第二,1987年,省际调出仅在3个省份是经济增长的第一贡献因素;2007年,省际调出则在11个省份成为经济增长的第一贡献因素。第三,从省份视角看,尽管出口对经济增长的贡献比重在上升,但在2007年,省际调出贡献比重仍然是出口贡献比重的3.5倍;从部门视角看,省际调出的贡献比重也依然大于出口的贡献比重。第四,在将因素贡献比重变化的来源区分为结构影响与部门影响之后,不管是消费贡献比重的下降,还是省际调出和出口贡献比重的上升,部门影响均发挥着主导作用。研究创新：将省际贸易引入关于经济增长的因素分解模型。研究价值：对于目前步入“新常态”的中国经济,省际贸易可以成为未来中国经济新的增长点。     

Practical recipes to solve the Behrens-Fisher problem

Abstract  The comparison of the unknown means of two populations with unknown variances is called the B ehrens -F isher problem, if the populations are assumed to be normal and the ratio of the variances is not known. In this paper a summary of recipes is given to solve this problem in practice, as published in the past 35 years by B anerjee , F isher and B ehrens , P agurova , W ald and H ajek , W elch , W elch and A spin , together with two large sample solutions and one solution often used as an approximate one without justification.
The solutions are presented mainly in terms of confidence intervals for the difference of the population means. Some remarks are made concerning the lengths of these intervals and the power of the corresponding tests. The solutions in this paper are dependent on the means and the variances of samples drawn from the two populations only. All solutions discussed, except the disqualified approximate one, are robust against violations of the normality assumptions with respect to the populations and they provide, at least asymptotically, good measures for the difference of the population means if the samples are drawn from populations whatsoever with finite second moment.     

The Contribution of Longitudinal Research to the Study of Women's Poverty

Quality &; Quantity - The aim of this article is to discuss some of the central conceptual and methodological issues which must be tackled if we wish to investigate poverty in a gender-sensitive...     

Irving Fisher and the Contribution of Improved Longevity to Living Standards

A bstract    It is not widely recognized that conventional measures of national income and output exclude the value of improvements in the health status of the population. The present study discusses the theory of the measurement of national income, proposes a new concept called "health income" that can be used to incorporate improvements in health status, and applies the theory to data for the United States over the 20^th century. It concludes that accounting for improvements in the health status would, over the twentieth century in the United States, make a substantial difference to our measures of economic welfare.     

从供应链的角度观察和评估物流发展对区域经济的贡献:以深圳笋岗物流园区为例

作者在参与深圳笋岗物流园的建设和给一些大企业集团提供物流咨询服务的基础上,提出在要素分析和供应链的基础上,从环境与政策、供应链的管理和需求三个方向去评估。物流的改善和提高对产业经济和区域经济可持续性发展的积极作用。     

浅谈钻井液管理控制对提高机械钻速的贡献

机械钻速是影响钻井速度的主要因素之一,而钻井液在提高机械钻速方面发挥着愈来愈大的作用。本文就钻井液对提高机械钻速的贡献做讨论,分析钻井液对机械钻速的影响,并介绍了大庆油田的钻井液使用概况以及国外先进的钻井液技术。     

人力资本对经济增长影响的结构分析

研究经济增长中人力资本作用机制仅考虑数量因素是不够的,结构因素不容忽视。本文尝试把结构因素引入人力资本分析框架,认为人力资本投资本质也是投资主体的需求决策过程,存在着类似于马斯洛式层次结构关系,提出了基于不同投资层次下的4种人力资本结构类型的理论假说。在此基础上运用1992～2003年省面板数据进行了实证检验,结果表明,人力资本的投入对我国经济增长虽具显著意义,但作用机制并不很强,人力资本存量不足和结构层次低下是其直接因素,而人力资本结构因素对沿海与内地发展差距更具深层解释力。     

审计工作为构建和谐社会服务的途径

构建社会主义和谐社会需要审计发挥重要作用,为此审计必须坚持科学发展观,在此基础上,依法审计,促进经济法规制度的建立和完善;关注社会热点问题和人民群众的根本利益问题,促进制度完善和加强管理。     

如何解决传媒人才短缺难题

当前,传媒业的激烈竞争实质上是人才的竞争。人才是传媒成败的“牛耳”。解决人才短缺问题是着眼向外,还是着手向内？不排除向外,但主要应下力激活内部人力资源。这样做,可以防止造成新的人才浪费,可以避免爆发恶性人才大战,从而有利于传媒业的和谐发展。那种过份“引进”、忽视“挖潜”的做法是不可取的。     

A mathematical approach to the boolean minimization problem

Any minimization problem involves a computer algorithm. Many such algorithms have been developed for the boolean minimizations, in diverse areas from computer science to social sciences (with the famous QCA algorithm). For a small number of entries (causal conditions in the QCA) any such algorithm will find a minimal solution, especially with the aid of the modern computers. However, for a large number of conditions a quick and complete solution is not easy to find using an algorithmic approach, due to the extremely large space of possible combinations to search in. In this article I will demonstrate a simple alternative solution, a mathematical method to obtain all possible minimized prime implicants. This method is not only easier to understand than other complex algorithms, but it proves to be a faster method to obtain an exact and complete boolean solution.     

A regularization approach to the many instruments problem

This paper focuses on the estimation of a finite dimensional parameter in a linear model where the number of instruments is very large or infinite. In order to improve the small sample properties of standard instrumental variable (IV) estimators, we propose three modified IV estimators based on three different ways of inverting the covariance matrix of the instruments. These inverses involve a regularization or smoothing parameter. It should be stressed that no restriction on the number of instruments is needed and that all the instruments are used in the estimation. We show that the three estimators are asymptotically normal and attain the semiparametric efficiency bound. Higher-order analysis of the MSE reveals that the bias of the modified estimators does not depend on the number of instruments. Finally, we suggest a data-driven method for selecting the regularization parameter. Interestingly, our regularization techniques lead to a consistent nonparametric estimation of the optimal instrument.     

Henry George's Contribution to Modern Environmental Policy:

A bstract . Many natural resources are inefficiently used in advanced western economies. Overuse of common property resources such as air occurs. The assignment of property rights through grandfathering established uses can have disincentive effects as an entry barrier to new industry and allow the continuation of pernicious uses. A Henry George type alternative remedial system of legal and tax treatment is developed. It systematically covers all natural resources and their deteriorations, as well as improvements. This updating will be extremely useful to everyone concerned with ecology. Also the task of industrial siting can be accomplished so as to ensure an efficient use of natural resources. Present problems of dealing with pollution and hazardous waste sites under tort law would be avoided. This part of the two-part paper covers the application of the theory. The last issue of this Journal presented the basic theoretical considerations.     

人力资本对西部经济增长的贡献分析

本文分析了教育、科学技术以及健康对西部经济增长的贡献。认为西部劳动力的平均受教育年限虽处于人力资本对经济增长的贡献最为显著的年限，但西部第一产业比重大，农村劳动力受教育年限远未达到这一水平；西部科技进步贡献率水平很低。另外由于西部技术接受者的素质较低，也阻碍了科技推广的速度和广度；而健康对西部经济增长的贡献率高于全国水平。     

陕西物流产业的发展对区域经济增长贡献评价

采用Logistic模型确定陕西区域物流业与地区经济增长的定量关系,利用边际分析和弹性分析计算出陕西物流单位增长对本地区经济的贡献程度,确定了该区域物流业所处的发展阶段和变化规律,以此提出发展区域物流产业的相关建议。     

Morgenstern's Forgotten Contribution: A Stab to the Heart of Modern Economics

In contrast to physics, there is no estimate of statistical error within economics in spite of Oskar Morgenstern's book On the Accuracy of Economic Observation. The problem of error in economic observations is still a widely neglected problem. The various sources of error that come into play in the social sciences suggest that the error in economic observations is substantial. As the error might be substantial, this paper argues that the usefulness of econometrics becomes questionable.     

南昌市旅游产业对经济增长贡献的分析

随着江西省鄱阳湖生态经济区上升为国家战略,南昌作为江西的省会,又毗邻鄱阳湖.南昌市靠其得天独厚的地缘优势迎来了旅游业发展的难得机遇.与此同时.旅游业的发展又与其他产业的发展高度相关,因此对南昌市而言,旅游业的发展在整个经济发展中扮演了越来越重要的角色.以此为背景,利用南昌市统计年鉴的相关数据探讨南昌市旅游业的发展形势及其对南昌市经济增长的贡献度,并就统计分析结果给出相关建议.     

福建省三次产业对经济增长的贡献分析

本文利用1979-2008年福建省的地区生产总值及第一、二、三产业增加值的时间序列数据,测算了改革开放三十多年来各产业增长对经济增长的贡献。结果表明福建省经济的增长主要是由第二产业拉动的,其次是第三产业,最后是第一产业,其中第二产业对经济增长的贡献率达到了惊人的52.54%。在第二产业内部结构中,工业对经济增长的贡献率是建筑业的30倍。本文据此提出相关建议。