Trends in research on international accounting harmonization

International harmonization of financial accounting standards has been the goal of many professional and academic accountants during the last 40 years. As of January 1, 2005, international accounting harmonization entered a new and perhaps decisive phase. From that date, all companies domiciled in the European Union with shares listed on securities exchanges are required to prepare their consolidated accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This landmark event presents an opportunity for accounting researchers to assess the status of research on international accounting harmonization. In this paper, we review articles published in major English language accounting journals during the period from 1965 through 2004 in order to trace thematic and methodological trends in this line of research and to assess where the research may evolve from here.     

2006～2009:我国中资与外(合)资保险公司经营效率的比较研究

2011年是中国加入WTO十周年.十年来,我国保险业对外开放程度明显提高,保险业步入了快速发展的黄金时期.截至目前,我国共有外(合)资保险公司46家,世界上主要的跨国保险金融集团和发达国家的保险公司已经基本进入我国.2009年,我国外(合)资保险公司保费收入458.02亿元,与加入WTO前相比增长了约4.7倍.本文选择...     

宏观金融效率与微观金融效率一致吗？——来自广东省农信社的实证数据（1993—2004）

农村金融是中国金融体系的短板,中国农村金融发展的关键是效率问题。针对宏微观金融效率研究出现的分野,聚焦中国金融体系的短板,本文以广东省农信社为例,尝试回答“宏观金融效率是否与微观金融效率一致”的问题。本文首先通过回归分析与基于经济发展分区的Panel-Data模型分别检验广东省农信社作为一个整体与经济分区对广东农村经济可能存在的促进作用,实证结果表明：Panel—Data模型的分析结果更加显著,农信社发展对农村经济有更加显著的促进作用。文章接着将广东农信社的微观金融效率与四大国有银行的微观金融效率进行比较．发现广东省农信社的宏观金融效率与微观金融效率不匹配。     

Comparability in IPSASs: Lessons to be Learned for the European Standards

Abstract

In 2013 the European Commission started addressing issues concerning public sector accounting harmonization across EU Member States, embarking on a project to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSASs). Although acknowledging the indisputable reference of the existing International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs), it highlighted that IPSASs, as they were, could not be suitably applied in the EU context (European Commission, 2013a). IPSASs were considered as not covering specific important matters of public sector accounting, not showing enough stability due to the need of constant convergence with IFRSs, and offering several options that compromised comparability.

Comparability of public sector accounts across Member States is one of the main objectives of EPSASs (EUROSTAT, 2016, 2019), clearly established as a qualitative characteristic in the draft EPSAS Conceptual Framework (EUROSTAT, 2018). It is critical for EU economic and fiscal convergence that countries’ accounts allow for substantial comparison and standardized transition to the National Accounts (Jorge et al., 2014).

The IPSAS Conceptual Framework (IPSASB, 2014), meanwhile issued, sustains that adopting these standards would improve comparability of General Purpose Financial Reporting (GPFR), in this way strengthening transparency and accountability of public sector finance.

Given that, despite the above concerns, EPSASs are to be developed on the basis of IPSASs (European Commission, 2019), the purpose of this paper is to show that IPSASs are not an adequate reference for EPSASs in terms of allowing the desired comparability of countries’ accounts in the EU. It relies on evidence gathered from IPSAS-based financial reports prepared by some Agencies of the United Nations System and from audit reports of the UN Board of Auditors.

The research illustrates that IPSASs only allow for de jure comparability of financial reports at a very broad level. Their implementation and interpretation in practice (due to the options permitted and the judgement required) does not allow for de facto comparable GPFR. European standard-setters need to be aware that the comparability EPSASs need to address across EU Member States’ accounts must go beyond the one that is permitted by IPSASs – EPSASs need to stretch IPSASs harmonization to a higher level of standardization.     

资本结构影响因素实证研究综述

本文对国内外资本结构影响因素实证研究文献进行了全面、系统的回顾,着重从宏观经济因素、行业因素、公司特征因素和公司治理因素等方面进行综述,评价现有文献存在的问题和不足之处,掌握国内外研究动态,为中国上市公司资本结构问题的研究提供依据.     

基于Cummins-Outreville模型的中国产险业保险周期实证研究

发达市场对于保险周期的研究开展了二十多年,对于周期的存在性、影响因素及分析方法等已经形成了相对完整的理论和实证研究体系.在实证研究方面,Cummins-Outreviue模型是使用最为广泛的二阶自回归分析模型.本文利用Cummins-Outreville模型及其扩展形式,以1991年至2009年的数据为基础,研究中国产...     

关于财政政策影响货币运行的实证研究——从我国货币当局资产负债表看财政货币政策的相关性

本文透过我国货币当局资产负债表,深入观察并揭示反映经济发展规律与本质的货币运行特征。以财政政策的四大主要政策工具为主线,采取定量与定性相结合方法,分析财政政策对货币运行特征的影响机理与程度,以便我们能够全面系统地了解、观察和把握财政政策与货币政策协调空间和互动架构。     

投资者保护与收益质量:国际比较研究

本文主要利用实证和国际比较的方法研究了外部投资者保护对上市公司收益质量的影响,以及我国投资者保护和收益质量在国际上所处的水平,并对如何通过提高投资者保护水平以提高上市公司收益质量提出了建议.     

上市公司资本结构的影响因素实证研究——以宁波为例

资本结构对企业经营至关重要。本文选取宁波24家上市公司2007年到2010年的数据,构建面板数据模型对影响上市公司资本结构状况的主要内部因素进行实证分析,分析发现影响宁波上市公司资本结构的内部因素中,资产结构的影响最大,其次是资产流动性、盈利能力、公司规模,公司成长性的影响不是很显著。     

我国货币政策中介目标研究——一个基于实证研究方法视角的综述

货币政策中介目标的选择是货币理论研究中的一个热点。近年来理论文献更多地围绕着中介目标的选择标准——相关性、可测性与可控性,应用实证方法开展研究。实证研究方法多种多样,不同方法对研究结论具有重要影响。从实证研究方法分类的角度梳理了近年来国内外研究货币政策中介目标的一些文献,为进一步的研究提供参考。     

国际金融风险预警体系构建的实践及对我国的启示

2008年美国次贷危机所引发的全球性金融危机,冲击和考验了各国的经济环境和金融体系,也引发了各国对现有金融风险预警体系的反恩,大多数国家就现行的金融风险预警体系进行了积极的探索和改革。基于这一背景,本文通过对比危机前后主要发达经济体金融风险预警体系的不同,找出我国现有金融风险预警体系存在的缺陷,并结合我国实际提出改进对策,以期不断完善我国的金融风险预警体系。     

区域发行基金调拨效率优化模式研究

随着社会经济规模的膨胀、经济主体构成的日趋复杂及其内在交易机理的变化,近年流通中现金需求量迅速增加,给中央银行发行基金计划与调拨工作带来较大压力。在外部需求持续增大的背景下,优化调拨操作流程,探索符合区域实际的发行基金调拨途径成为必然。本文基于山东省经济构成和区位特点,对发行基金调拨优化模式进行了探索。     

Transfer pricing in vertically integrated industries

Tax officials judge whether a multinational’s transfer price is consistent with the arm’s-length standard, the price at which two independent firms would carry out a similar transaction, by using data from comparable but independent transactions. In vertically integrated industries, the only source of comparable data may be from controlled (nonindependent) transactions. Conventional wisdom asserts that standard arm’s-length methods cannot perform well in such markets because the comparability rules encourage the integrated firms to collude tacitly on transfer prices in a way that amplifies tax-differential incentives. In this paper, we show that strategic linkages between vertically integrated firms operating in the same final good market moderate, and can possibly reverse, tax-differential incentives if the correct comparison method is used. The Cost-Plus method turns out to be the most effective in limiting the equilibrium amount of profit-shifting out of the high-tax country and it yields the highest tax revenues for the high-tax country. These benefits are shown to strengthen when the firms have private cost information.      

The Effect of Earnings Management on the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings

Abstract:   Is earnings management affecting (driving) the measures of earnings conservatism? Ball et al. (2000) point out that the asymmetry in the recognition of good and bad news in earnings (faster recognition of bad news: earnings conservatism) is more pronounced in common‐law than in code‐law based accounting regimes. However, comparative studies on earnings conservatism in Europe have failed to identify significant differences between common‐law and code‐law based countries. We argue that in code‐law based countries managers have incentives to reduce earnings consistently. This enhances the association between earnings and returns in bad news periods. We find that after controlling for discretionary accruals, the differential earnings response to bad news in Germany and France decreases significantly.     

Efectividad del proyecto de convergencia contable mexicano emprendido a partir de 2005: evidencia empírica (1997-2010)

The purpose of our study is to know whether the efforts carried out by the Mexican Council for Financial Information managed to reduce the differences in the calculation of the Mexican accounting reports and those calculated under American principles (US GAAP) in the period 1997-2010. To achieve the objectives set out, we analyzed 230 20-F reports that correspond to 27 Mexican companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange. The results obtained in the implementation of the linear regression models show the existence of certain factors that explain the degree of comparability of fundamental accounting variables obtained under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP.     

Structuring a tax efficient international operation

International taxation is rapidly increasing in importance in the U.S. business environment. As a student preparing for a career in public accounting or industry, it is vital that you have familiarity with key international tax issues. In this case, you will participate in a detailed tax-planning exercise involving a multinational corporation that is restructuring its tax operations. In the process, you will be exposed to a wide-ranging array of real-world tax issues: tax theory, source of income, transfer pricing, foreign tax credits, the foreign earned income exclusion and Subpart F income. The case also incorporates questions designed to help you explore the financial accounting implications of tax planning. The case consists of three tax modules and each module emphasizes two to three specific tax issues. Two of the modules also contain a subset of tax-related financial accounting questions. To complete the case successfully, you will be required to understand basic international tax theory, to engage in the tax research process and to apply your theoretical knowledge in analyzing complex business scenarios.     

The Construction and Presentation of Performance Indicators in executive Agency External Reports

For a variety of reasons, factors affecting the understandability and comparability of performance indicators, and perceptions of their status, may differ from those applying in the case of profit-seeking sector financial statements. This study examines the construction and presentation of performance indicators from the perspective of understandability, comparability and perceived importance. It identifies a number of aspects of reporting practice which may undermine these qualities.     

上证180指数成份股调整价格效应的实证研究——基于后经济危机时期的市场数据

本文在对国内外相关文献综述的基础上,对调整指数成份股的价格效应进行分析。在剔除了一系列特殊停牌的样本后,对国内上证180指数调整成份股事件对股票价格的影响进行实证研究,发现近年来成份股被调出后,其价格反转趋势愈加明显。