乡镇企业发展过程中社会资本运作探究

乡镇企业是农村地区实现经济发展的一种重要力量,对于顺利实现乡村城镇化发挥着重要作用。乡镇企业在发展过程中拥有丰富的社会资源,这在其他类型企业中是罕见的,这些社会资本构成了其迅速发展的基础。但随着社会结构的急剧变化,乡镇企业发展过程中的优势遇到了挑战。乡镇企业要想适应形势,实现发展,必须进行社会资本的重构与整合。     

基于企业社会资本的竞争优势探索

企业社会资本是反映企业内外部社会关系特征的一种资源。它可以使企业在内外部的社会关系网络中获得"合作租金"和"位置租金",从而为企业带来竞争优势。企业可以通过平衡各个层次的企业社会资本、协同各个维度的企业社会资本、关注企业社会资本的收益与成本等方面,来实现对企业社会资本的建立和发展。     

西部经济发展中的社会资本缺失及重构

社会资本是一种特殊的资本形式,它独立于物质资本、人力资本之外,其核心要素在于个体或组织所拥有的社会关系网络、信任和具有互惠性的行为规范。社会资本能够降低经济活动的交易成本,促进技术创新,影响企业绩效和产业集群的发展,从而促进区域经济的发展。社会资本缺失已成为当前我国区域经济发展差异,尤其是西部经济长期发展滞后的重要原因。     

中国经济发展的社会先行资本问题

社会先行资本是一个国家经济起飞和经济社会长期发展的重要支持条件之一,它与经济社会的长期发展具有很强的相关性。我国社会先行资本投入与发展的滞后,成为我国经济社会发展的严重制约因素。针对我国社会先行资本部门发展滞后的状况,本文认为,必须将社会先行资本部门超前发展作为长期战略,将社会先行资本部门作为发展重点,以规模性资金投入弥补社会先行资本发展的空白期,打破社会先行资本部门垄断格局,确定社会先行资本部门合理的投资回报率,建立社会先行资本部门多元主体进入的投资机制。     

生态资本:绿色经济与生态文明时代的基石

资本, 市场经济条件下支配经济社会发展的重要力量.作为一个历史范畴,资本从单一的物质资本,发展到物质资本与人力资本、知识资本、社会资本的复合体,其内涵和外延随着人类经济实践活动与社会文明的发展进步不断得到丰富和发展.     

基于社会资本理论的公司和谐治理研究

本文针对当前公司治理中存在的片面追求股东利益、忽视社会资本和人的社会属性等问题,将社会资本理论引入公司治理,重新界定了社会资本和公司治理的概念,在社会资本理论、契约理论和传统公司治理理论的基础上提出了公司和谐治理观,并指出公司和谐治理的目标是公司通过其建立在信任、合作和互利基础上的内部和外部社会关系网络,保证公司和谐发展,保证各利益相关者都获得与之投入相适应的收益。     

社会资本视角下的综合经济发展体系构造

随着社会资本理论引入经济学领域,"社会关系至关重要".本文认为,发展中国家需要构造政府、市场与社会资本相结合的综合经济发展体系;大力发展社会资本,加快经济的健康快速发展,是发展中国家所面临的理论与实践课题.     

产业集群社会资本与知识溢出效应关系的研究

社会资本作为影响中国经济社会发展的重要因素,研究社会资本有助于解释中国经济社会发展重要的潜在影响因素。基于此,本文总结了社会资本主要的研究成果,阐述了代表性学者皮埃尔·布迪厄、詹姆斯·科尔曼以及罗伯特·帕特南等人的研究观点,归纳了我国学者周红云的研究成果,并简述了社会资本的研究重要性。     

浅谈乡镇企业财务管理存在的问题与对策

乡镇企业的迅速发展对于经济社会发展特别是农村经济社会发展起到了积极作用。但管理上特别是财务管理上存在的问题,制约了乡镇企业的发展。本文针对当前乡镇企业财务管理普遍存在的一些问题,提出了加强乡镇企业财务管理的相应对策和建议。     

社会资本在大学生创业中的作用及获得途径

随着高校的扩招,大学生的就业形势也越发严峻。由此,自主创业成为大学生毕业的一个新的就业途径,加之政府大力支持,越来越多的学生走上创业道路。社会资本作为内嵌在个人社会关系网络中的一种资源,在大学生创业过程中发挥着重要作用,应当充分发挥学生、教师、学校等各方面的力量,帮助学生积累社会资本,实现创业梦想。     

社会资本理论视角的企业慈善捐赠行为研究

企业慈善捐赠行为是企业履行企业社会责任的重要方式。本文站在社会网络的视角,基于社会资本理论分析了企业履行社会责任的慈善捐赠行为。结果表明:企业慈善捐赠行为能够提高企业所处网络其它主体对它的信任度和义务认同度,可以提高企业的社会资本丰度;企业慈善捐赠行为对社会资本的纵向关系资本、横向关系资本和社会关系资本三个维度都具有积极的影响,各分维度社会网络主体往往更倾向与慈善企业建立连结关系。     

The Sustainability of Social Capital within Ethnic Networks

This paper examines informal networks that support the British Asianbusiness community. Ethnic communities have been crucial to facilitatingthe economic development of their migrant members, as they make thetransition from economic refugees to citizens. The basis of thisinformal support is the notion of social capital offered to kinsmen whoarrived with finite resources. However, as successive generations havebecome more integrated with the wider community reliance on theseresources is forecast to decrease. Research has shown that subsequentAsian generations are developing complex relations in their attitudesand reliance towards their ethnic community (Janjuha-Jivraj and Woods,2002) it is still an area that is very active in providing crucialinformal business support. There is however, a distinct difference inattitudes between first and second generations in terms of acceptingbusiness support from the ethnic community. This issue is furthercompounded by difficulties among external support agencies inpenetrating ethnic businesses. This leads to the following questions: ? What forms of social capital are evident and how important are they in sustaining relationships within the religious-ethnic community? ? How crucial is the ethnic community in providing an infrastructure to offer support. This paper is based on a network of businesses that are members of a sub-group across Greater London. It is anticipated that the findings will help to unravel the impact of migratory bonds on community members. This in turn will provide useful information for service providers when considering how to successfully target ethnic businesses.     

Social relationships and knowledge creation: the mediate of critical network position

The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of the two important components of intellectual capital, including social relationships and the critical network position in knowledge creation. Two regression models were used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 77 knowledge creation samples. The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical development of a conceptual model for explaining the inter-relationships among the aspects of intellectual capital and knowledge creation performance. The empirical evidence of the Sobel test, in line with Baron and Kenny's procedure, supports the process-oriented view and indicates that the network position would mediate the effects of social relationships on knowledge creation performance.     

Hindering or enabling structural social capital to enhance buyer performance? The role of relational social capital at two levels in China

Purpose: In its cognitive, relational, and structural forms, social capital has been identi?ed as a powerful strategic tool. However, prior empirical studies focus only on the direct effect of various dimensions of social capital and address relational social capital at either a dyadic level or a network level. Drawing on the social capital theory and social network theory, this study fills the above-mentioned gaps by examining the role of structural and relational social capital on performance through exploring direct and interaction effects simultaneously and revealing the moderating effect of relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels (including business ties and political ties) simultaneously.

Methodology/Approach: Based on data for 393 distributors from China, a moderated regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The empirical test generally supports the hypotheses and indicates that the value of structural social capital is conditional on both curvilinear and linear moderating effects of relational social capital: the moderating effects of business ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is inverted U-shaped, while the moderating effects of relational social capital at the dyadic level and political ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is positive.

Research Implications: This study incorporates all three dimensions of social capital, represents one of the first attempts to examine the interplay between structural and relational social capital in emerging economies, explores relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels simultaneously, and responses to the fact that buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs) are embedded within a larger context of social networks. By addressing these issues, this study sheds new light on the individual and joint impact of various dimensions of social capital and provides new evidence on both the positive and negative aspects of social capital in a single model.

Practical Implications: The results provide important implications for managers in addressing social capital in an emerging economy. In order to improve performance, managers should first encourage and foster frequent, diverse, scarce, and high-quality information exchange and interactions to accumulate structural social capital. Additionally, managers should not only emphasize relational social capital building and development in BSRs, but also pay attention to the cultivation of relational social capital among the business network. They should acknowledge the persistent positive effect of political ties and the potential negative effect of business ties.

Originality/Value/Contribution: First, few studies examine both the individual and synergetic effects of various dimensions of social capital in a single model or explicitly explore relational social capital in a dyadic relationship and deeply consider it at the network level in a single model. This study addresses these issues.     

Ethical Managerial Behaviour as an Antecedent of Organizational Social Capital

There is a need of further research to understand how social capital in the organization can be fostered. Existing literature focuses on the design of reciprocity norms, procedures and stability employment practices as the main levers of social capital in the workplace. Complementary to these mechanisms, this paper explores the impact of ethical managerial behaviour on the development of social capital. We argue that a managerial behaviour based on the true concern for the well-being of employees, as well as their motivational and ethical development, can be particularly important for the generation of social capital in the organization. It is suggested that manager’s behaviour should be based on three principles: following exemplary behaviour, helping the employees to value the consequences of their actions in other persons, and not betraying employee’s trust. When the manager conforms to those principles, he can ease the process through which employees develop associability and identification-based trust with the firm, the two main components of ?Organizational Social Capital’. Bringing ethics into the debate of social capital creation seems to us fundamental, as social capital in the firm is likely to be influenced by the ethical and motivational development of its members.     

渠道关系中社会资本对战略绩效的作用路径研究

目前社会资本在促进渠道成员的合作中扮演了重要作用，但有关社会资本对企业绩效之间的作用机制还需要做进一步探究。针对这一现象，文章基于渠道关系视角，探讨了结构社会资本和关系社会资本对战略绩效的作用路径。基于393家中国计算机及其零件行业的企业数据，引入知识冗余和共同解决问题两个中间变量，建立了社会资本、共同解决问题、知识冗余和战略绩效间的关系模型，实证研究结果发现：结构社会资本和关系社会资本会通过促进知识冗余和共同解决问题进而提升战略绩效。研究结论拓展了渠道关系管理、社会资本领域的研究，并对企业实践具有指导意义。     

Locating experts using social media,based on social capital and expertise similarity

Information and communication technologies boost knowledge activities, both within and across organizations, and in online communities. Determining how to effectively search for and find experts via social media has become a critical issue. Although social capital is a key driver of knowledge contribution, we have not addressed the issue of how to locate experts based on their social capital. Systems designed to locate experts typically recommend such experts based on keywords, thus failing to consider any semantic similarity between their areas of expertise and the problem domain (a.k.a., “expertise similarity”). The system designed and developed in this study recommends experts based on both their social capital and expertise similarity. We measure the social capital of experts based on their consultant service relationships and their friendships. We conduct a field experiment to evaluate user satisfaction and the system’s knowledge-contribution predictive capability. The results show that the proposed system is of high quality and delivers excellent information. Hence, users expressed their intention to use this system. In addition, the positive effect of social capital on the knowledge contribution is verified from the perspective of user behavior.     

Social capital dynamics and foreign market entry

This paper explores the dynamics of social capital in 121 new foreign market entries (FMEs) of 24 Swedish and New Zealand small- to medium-sized enterprises in the early and later phases of their internationalization. Its main contribution is the systematic assessment of the roles and forms of social capital over time and across countries, thus providing greater insight into the social capital concept. We separate social capital into efficacy and serendipity roles (economic dimension) and direct and indirect relationships (structural dimension). Efficacious and direct social capital is associated with early FMEs, while serendipitous and indirect social capital is more prevalent with later FMEs, indicating that social capital changes with (and is dependent on) FME. Moreover, while geographical proximity does not appear to affect the economic dimension of social capital, it is important for the structural dimension.     

国有中小企业引进风险投资初探

风险投资在为企业发展和开发新技术提供资金方面有重要的作用。国有中小企业引进风险投资,可以为企业提供所需资金,使企业得到发展。国有中小企业应利用风险投资促进企业发展和技术创新。国有中小企业引进风险投资还存在着一些问题,国有中小企业引进风险投资较少。