《刑法修正案(九)》考试作弊犯罪分析

在《刑法修正案九》颁布之前,对考试作弊行为多认定违法行为,以行政处罚的相关规定予以惩戒,但收效甚微,远远达不到威慑作用,以至于各种"作弊门"事件频发,甚至有越演愈烈之势。《刑法修正案(九)》第25条规定的考试作弊犯罪的行为方式涵盖了组织考试作弊行为、非法出售、提供考试试题、答案行为以及代替考试行为,该三种行为分别规定为不同的犯罪,这必将有助于惩治此类犯罪,强化公平公正的社会观念。     

预防考试作弊的探索

随着现代通信技术快速发展,考试无线电作弊手段层出不穷,极大的违背了考试的公平公正原则。本文叙述了考场环境中无线电信号的几种检测方法及无线电作弊原理、作弊设备及手段,给出预防作弊的预案等。     

对高校学生高科技作弊的现状分析及对策思考

高校学生作弊,特别是高科技手段作弊,严重影响了教学质量和人才培养,严重影响了考试的公正、公平性,本文通过分析高校考生利用高科技作弊的现状,结合高校的特点,提出了预防高科技作弊的措施。     

构建诚信考试的保障机制

近几年,随着高校办学规模的不断扩大,高等教育已逐渐由精英式教育向大众化教育转化,日益普遍的考试作弊现象逐渐引起人们的关注。作弊手段、作弊工具不断更新,由过去夹带小抄发展到找人替考、利用高科技手段作弊,甚至出现了以营利为目的的有组织的"职业枪手"。这些都严重影响着高校的校风、学风、考风。虽然高校普遍加强了考风考纪教育,加大了对考试作弊的处罚力度,但似乎收效并不大。     

基于计划行为理论的大学生考试作弊行为研究

大学生考试作弊行为严重危害高校教育活动有序开展。为有针对性地解决该难题,基于计划行为理论的考试作弊意向量表对440名大学生进行问卷调查,共获取了355份有效数据,从行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制三个方面来研究大学生考试作弊行为的影响因素。结果显示:大学生考试作弊行为与其所在年级、所学专业类别以及性别有所联系;考试作弊行为和计划行为理论模型有相关关系。结论:大学生考试作弊现象必须引起高度重视,计划行为理论模型可以比较有效地评估考试作弊意向及预测作弊行为。     

对大学生考试作弊问题的一点儿思考

导致学生作弊的原因是多方面的.考试作弊行为的存在,既影响了教学质量评估的可靠性,也破坏了考试成绩的公平性和公正性,阻碍了教育目标的实现.要想压住作弊风,需要教育系统的各部门和人员从加强考试的诚信教育和校纪校规教育,加深对作弊危害性的认识,完善规章制度、强化监考力度等多方面共同作出努力.     

考试作弊入刑的刑事责任分析

《刑法修正案(九)》将考试作弊纳入刑法范畴,专门规制该行为,惩罚力度明显提高。这有助于维护教育秩序,促进公平公正,促进人才选拔。但需要明确法律规定的国家考试的范围,组织行为的认定以及国家工作人员或者替考者的量刑认定等问题。     

驾校考场无线电作弊问题应对策略研究

随着驾校考场自动化、智能化程度的提高,理论考场和实践考场都采用了电脑答题判分和使用传感器判分。一些考生借机利用无线电声音、图像传送设备进行作弊。这种现象严重影响了考试的公正、公平性,直接危害着交通安全,社会影响恶劣。     

从教师视角谈预防大学生考试作弊的良策

近些年来,考试作弊已成为大学校园里屡见不鲜的现象,它威胁着考试的公正性和严肃性,败坏了学风,影响了人才培养的质量。教师在预防大学生考试作弊方面发挥着重要作用。教师可分为三类角色：任课教师、德育教师和监考教师,不同角色的教师在不同的教学活动环节发挥着不同的作用。     

当代高校大学生考试作弊现状及社会心理动因

国自古以来就有考试的传统,而伴随着考试而出现的作弊现象也更是源远流长,并成为了当今社会各界一直在不断寻求解决办法的重要问题。大学作为人才培养的摇篮和人才输送社会的能量转换站,其考试作弊现象屡见不鲜,这不得不发人深思。     

Academic entitlement and its relationship with perception of cheating ethics

Cheating is an epidemic in higher education. The author examined the psychological variable of academic entitlement and its relationship with the ethical perception of cheating using a sample of business students. Contrary to some previous research, the author found that millennials were only slightly more academically entitled than students from other generations but overall had a low sense of entitlement. Highly entitled business students viewed cheating actions as less unethical compared with less entitled students.     

Cheating During the College Years: How do Business School Students Compare?

When it comes to cheating in higher education, business school students have often been accused of being the worst offenders; if true, this may be a contributing factor in the kinds of fraud that have plagued the business community in recent years. We examined the issue of cheating in the business school by surveying 268 students in business and other professional schools on their attitudes about, and experiences with, cheating. We found that while business school students actually cheated no more or less than students in other professional schools, their attitudes on what constitutes cheating are more lax than those of other professional school students. Additionally, we found that serious cheaters across all professional schools were more likely to be younger and have a lower grade point average. Helen A. Klein is an assistant professor in the Management Department at Grand Valley State University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in Computer and Information Systems and is interested in Object Oriented Software development, business process redesign and the use of ERP as a tool for learning in higher education. Nancy M. Levenburg is an associate professor in the Management Department at Grand Valley State University. She received her Ph.D. degree from Union Institute & University, and has done post-graduate study at Harvard University and UCLA. Her primary research interests include electronic commerce and strategic applications of information technologies. Marie McKendall is a professor in the Management Department at Grand Valley State University. She received her Ph.D. in Management from Michigan State University. Her primary research interest is organizational illegality. William M. Mothersell is an assistant professor in the Management Department at Grand Valley State University. He received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in Labor and Industrial Relations. His research interests include strategic human resource management, organizational behavior and development, and lean transformation.     

大学生考试作弊行为的调查与分析

考风建设是各类学校加强校风、学风建设的重要举措。如何有效地遏制大学生考试作弊行为，形成良好校风、学风，成为高校亟待解决的问题。选择成都高校大学生进行问卷调查，对其作弊行为进行统计分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和相关性分析。结果表明高年级男生更倾向于作弊。基础类型课程作弊现象较为突出，学生多采用夹带等低成本的方式实施作弊行为，同时学生作弊与监考老师是否严格监考关系较弱。针对这一分析结果，应改变学生对考评的认知，完善考试规章制度，加强诚信教育等，以降低大学作弊行为。     

少数民族地区农村基础教育发展现状及对策

少数民族地区农村基础教育发展是农村发展和迈向现代化的关键。以恩施龙凤镇为个案,通过实证材料分别从农民的经济能力、家庭教育、教师素质、学校运作、学生心理、职业教育等方面对当前少数民族地区农村教育发展的现状、问题作了全面的描述和分析．并指出解决问题的对策。     

中国公共教育支出绩效评价研究

公共教育支出是政府的责任，政府在不同类型的教育中承担的责任又是不同的。其中，政府要对基础教育或义务制教育承担全部责任，对高等教育承担部分责任。我国教育体系由7个部分构成，本文对其中的小学、中学、高中和高教组成的简化体系进行了绩效评价。评价按国际、国家和理论3种标准，对公共教育简化体系进行经济性评价、效率性评价、有效性评价和综合评价。评价结果表明，我国公共教育绩效在过去几年取得不断进步的同时，也有不足之处，有必要通过调整教育政策和教育支出政策予以不断完善。     

Why Do College Students Cheat?

More is known about the pervasiveness of college cheating than reasons why students cheat. This article reports the results of a study that applied the theory of reasoned action and partial least squares methodology to analyze the responses of 144 students to a survey on cheating behavior. Approximately 60% of the business students and 64% of the non-business students admitted to such behavior. Among cheaters, a “desire to get ahead” was the most important motivating factor – a surprising result given the comprehensive set of factors tested in the study. Among non-cheaters, the presence of a “moral anchor” such as an ethical professor was most important. The article also includes a set of important caveats that might limit this study and suggests some avenues for further study.     

Predicting consumers’ cheating behavior. The role of mental representation of goods and psychological ownership

This study examines the likelihood of cheating when consumers are offered with the option of using postponed payment plans after purchasing hedonic goods. It addresses how the nature of the good combined with payment timing affects its perceived psychological ownership, which in turn influences consumers’ cheating behavior. Three experimental studies indicate that when consumers mentally represent a hedonic (vs. utilitarian) good, they are more likely to cheat. This effect is greater with a postponed payment than with an immediate one. Findings also show that perceived psychological ownership is lower for hedonic goods and this explains different levels of cheating behavior. The paper offers managerial guidance on how to increase perceived psychological ownership for hedonic goods, with the goal of reducing cheating behavior.     

An Examination of Cheating and its Antecedents Among Marketing and Management Majors

This study examines cheating behaviors among 742 marketing and management majors at three public AACSB-accredited business schools. Specifically, we studied the simultaneous influence of demographic and attitudinal characteristics on: (1) reported prior cheating behavior; (2) the tendency to neutralize cheating behaviors; and, (3) likelihood of future cheating. We additionally examined the impact of in-class deterrents on neutralization of cheating behaviors and the likelihood of future cheating. We also directly tested potential mediating effects of neutralization on cheating behavior.We conducted independent assessments of the validity of the Smith et al. (2002) model of cheating behavior and its antecedents using structural equations modeling procedures. Results supported the differentiation of the theoretical constructs within the specified process model. Furthermore, tests of the aforementioned theoretical model indicated that the primary influences on future cheating were prior cheating, and the degree to which one neutralized prior cheating behaviors. Equally noteworthy, in contrast to previous research we found in-class deterrents to have no significant influence in either neutralizing behavior or future cheating proclivities.     

Cheating and Moral Judgment in the College Classroom: A Natural Experiment

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a natural experiment involving academic cheating by university students. We explore the relationship of moral judgment (as measured using the defining issues test) to actual behavior, as well as the relationship between the honesty of students self-reports and the extent of cheating. We were able to determine the extent to which students actually cheated on the take-home portion of an accounting exam. The take-home problem was not assigned with the intent of inducing cheating among students. However, the high rate of observed cheating prompted the instructor to return to class and ask the students to provide information on their motivation. The students' responses are the data analyzed in this natural experiment. We found that in a simple regression the relationship between moral judgment scores and cheating behavior was insignificant. However, when we tested whether including Utilizer scores (i.e. the extent to which people select actions based on notions of justice) affected the relationship of cheating and moral judgment we found that Utilizer affected the relationship significantly. Finally, we found that moral judgment and honesty were not related, but higher levels of cheating behavior related to less honesty.     

Cheating and NASCAR: Who's at the wheel?

This article embarks on a road trip to NASCAR, the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, to take a close look at why cheating occurs within that organization. Two arguments drive the article, namely that NASCAR (1) may not be able to stop cheating particularly within the current context, and (2) might not want or be motivated to stop cheating. Obstacles complicating NASCAR's efforts to stop cheating include the long-standing culture of unethical behavior within stock car racing, and the inconsistent imposition of punishments by NASCAR which drivers and race teams perceive as favoritism and unfair treatment. Yellow flags that raise caution include pressure from unwavering fans, and the friction between innovation and maintaining parity among teams. Proposed solutions include changing the culture within the NASCAR community, as well as developing ethical role models, both of which require major action by NASCAR's top managers to signal the importance of ethical behavior. Other key stakeholders such as sponsors and fans must create incentives and rewards for ethical behavior, and consider reducing or ending support for drivers and teams that engage in unethical conduct. Our analysis and recommendations have broad applications because NASCAR is an archetype of a large organization attempting to reduce cheating and unethical behavior.