知识经济与信息资源共享

知识经济是指以现代科学技术为核心、建立在知识和信息的生产、分配、使用之上的经济。知识经济的兴起和发展,必然会对我国图书馆事业产生广泛而深远的影响。在知识经济中,人们对知识信息的需求将明显增加,图书馆的地位将更加突出,作用更大,对于知识经济的发展具有不可替代的重要作用。知识经济的一个重要特征是社会信息化水平不断提高、不断发展。以计算机为核心的信息技术的进步,多媒体技术的应用,数字化电子出版物的出版,改变了图书馆的信息存贮、传递和检索方式;计算机网络技术的应用打破了图书馆的封闭式管理,信息资源以数字…     

公开信息、共同知识与上市公司股权资本成本

上市公司的公开信息转化为市场参与者共同知识的程度越高,与上市公司证券定价密切相关的股权资本成本便越低.基于我国证券市场数据的研究表明,上市公司公开信息披露的数量、市场参与者对公开信息披露制度的信任程度对公司股权资本成本有显著影响,但并未发现公开信息披露及时性对股权资本成本影响的证据.     

Information and Common Knowledge in Collective Action

The paper suggests a theoretical game framework to explain collective action dynamics by learning processes. When a certain fact becomes common knowledge due to a certain event, people accumulate knowledge about the state of the world and act accordingly. We concentrate on a conceptual example of the bandwagon dynamic showing the insights which this approach adds to existing studies. We analyze two other conceptual examples showing that the accumulation of information does not always bring people to know the truth about the state of the world. On the other hand, it may make them aware of their ignorance. Several practical implications follow.     

知识交易、创新和知识产业

知识是公共品的传统理论需要重新审视,知识交易具有可能性与可行性。知识交易激励知识生产和加速知识应用,引致创新繁荣。知识交易达到显著规模意味着知识产业的出现,知识交易是知识产业的基本活动。政府对知识产业的扶植需要考虑知识产业的特殊性,需要发展对知识市场的管制能力。     

拯救信仰的努力

人们经常谈论文明的危机。最近的两百年,在社会生活层面上,物质极大丰富,技术突飞猛进,人们活得更加健康长寿,生活空间和范围更广,人际交流更频繁,是以往几千年无法比拟的。在精神层面上,物质主义和个性解放同时流行。西方社会传统上对抽象对象的依赖,即西方的宗教观念和信仰,产生了涉及根本的动摇。西方文明的制度和价值,同他们的宗教有太深的联系。认为彻底抛弃原有的精神信仰而西方社会仍然可以万事大吉的人,还是少数。大多数人恐怕还是认为,如果他们失去了他们的宗教,西方文明就不是西方文明了。这是西方文明的致命性的危机。西方人是怎样因应这种危机的?他们是怎样来拯救他们的精神世界的?这是我们感兴趣的事情。 我们的这种兴趣,有着我们对自身文明危机的比照。中华文明最近两百年也经历着危机,这种危机也有相似的精神层面,我们民族的志士仁人也在因应这种危机。比照他们的危机和我们的危机,他们的因应和我们的因应,他们的拯救和我们的拯救,我们是不是能够看出一些什么? 我想说明,我们不是基督徒。我们“记”下这篇文章,不是出于对某种特定宗教特定信仰的褒扬,而是对西方志士仁人的拯救努力感兴趣。更广泛一点,因为这涉及我们对人类精神遗产和各民族各类精神财富的一种基本态度。 ——作者     

Mind the Gap: Information and Communication Technologies, Knowledge Activities and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The paper explores the specific challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry regarding the exploitation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of developing new frameworks supporting knowledge activity and the wider innovation process. The paper seeks to provide a framework to view these changes but also highlights gaps in our current conceptualization of the role of ICTs in facilitating and effecting change within the pharmaceutical industry.     

Mind the Gap: Information and Communication Technologies,Knowledge Activities and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The paper explores the specific challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry regarding the exploitation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of developing new frameworks supporting knowledge activity and the wider innovation process. The paper seeks to provide a framework to view these changes but also highlights gaps in our current conceptualization of the role of ICTs in facilitating and effecting change within the pharmaceutical industry.     

知识经济与大学生信息意识培养

知识经济的来临 ,对当代大学生既是挑战 ,又是机遇和考验。当代大学生任重而道远 ,需要具有创新意识和创新能力 ,需要学习观念和知识的不断更新 ,同时更需要培养信息意识 ,才能支撑起知识经济发展的大厦 ,才能肩负起历史所赋予的神圣而艰巨的使命。     

Information and Knowledge: Austrian Economics in Search of its Uniqueness

The Austrian School of Economics since WWII has increasingly claimed a unique position within the scientific community of economists. This paper argues that the most persuasive way to make this claim to uniqueness is to focus on the distinction scholars in the Austrian tradition place between information and knowledge in their work. In other words, it is the epistemic-cognitive turn that the Austrian school took in the wake of the socialist calculation debate that separates the school from other branches of neo-classicism within economic science that constitutes its best case for analytical uniqueness.     

增长、创新、知识与服务

创新是正统经济学一直未能正视和阐释的经济进步机制。作为企业或产业自身演化过程的创新是知识的积累、创造和扩散的过程 ,因而 ,当代发达国家知识密集程度较高的经济发展过程被概括为以知识为基础的经济。知识的扩散是通过知识的所有者提供服务而实现的 ,因而 ,以知识为基础的经济又表现为以服务为基础的经济。由于服务对经济发展的积极作用 ,形成了所谓的新服务经济。作为尚未完成工业化的发展中的中国 ,在从农业社会向工业化的迈进中 ,在发挥比较优势的同时 ,应该对创新、知识和服务加以空前的重视。     

Knowledge, economic structure, and growth

This paper proposes a two-sector growth model to examine the dynamic interactional relationships between capital and knowledge. The economy consists of two production sectors—industry and service—and one knowledge production sector—research institutions and universities. The university is financially supported by the government by taxing the service and industrial sectors. We provide a compact framework for analyzing the interactions of the three sectors with a given population and a fixed preference structure of the population. The model also determines the dynamics of the price of the industrial good, the wage rate, and the interest rate. First, we guarantee the existence of equilibria and provide the stability conditions. Then, we examine the effects of changes in the government's research policy and some other parameters upon the system.     

知识的需求、供给和价格

知识商品化是知识经济的一个重要特征,知识行为用于交换的商品表现了不同于有形物质商品的性质,知识的需求、供给和市场价格决定有其特殊性,本文对知识的需求、供给和价格决定的特殊性作一分析。     

Knowledge appropriability, firm size, and growth

Empirical evidence shows that the number of patents per R&D dollar declines with firm size. In this paper, we propose a Schumpeterian growth model that accounts for this evidence. We analyze an economy with firms that engage in cost-reducing innovation resulting from the accumulation of both codified and tacit knowledge: the former occurs through the purchase of patents, while the latter is the result of R&D conducted in-house by firms. We study the relation between knowledge appropriability and market structure, and we show that a shift from patents to in-house research occurs as firm size gets larger. Since innovation statistics concentrate mainly on patents, this process of research reallocation results into an under-estimation of innovative activity and is responsible for the declining ratio of patents to R&D expenditure. Survey data on UK-based firms provide support to our results.     

CFO知识背景、知识外溢与企业绩效关系研究

随着CFO的职能特征由技术性向战略性转变,CFO的知识需求也由专业性逐步转变为综合性。本文阐述了CFO职能变迁与知识需求改变的关系,运用我国A股制造业上市公司的数据对CFO知识背景综合性级别进行评判并开展实证研究。结果表明,CFO知识综合性的提高主要通过对企业发展战略的影响而提升企业绩效。本文认为,借助于知识外溢效应,CFO综合性知识背景有助于促进知识共享,改善组织知识存量,从而影响企业绩效。为此,CFO的培养应该着眼于综合性知识结构的形成。     

知识表达、知识互补性、知识产权均衡

基于知识的“代数格”表达方式和知识的互补性原理 ,这篇文章讨论知识产权的博弈均衡问题。每个人都拥有“局部知识” ,显然 ,如果法律对每个人的局部知识设立产权并由政府全面加以保护的话 ,人类知识将无法获得任何发展。另一方面 ,如果法律不承认任何知识的产权且政府对任何知识产权都不加以保护的话 ,人类知识也难以获得发展的激励。这里将证明 ,N个具有局部知识的社会成员在社会整体知识构成的代数格上关于各自的“局部知识”的价格的博弈存在至少一个纳什均衡———此即该社会内部自恰的和最优的知识产权配置。由周林 ( 1 994) ,这类均衡点构成一完备格。又由MilgromandShannon( 1 994) ,博弈的每一参与者最佳对应集内的最大策略和最小策略在社会知识的代数格上 (按集合强序 )单调非减 ,这意味着当社会成员的初始知识水平有所提高时 ,由产权博弈均衡所决定的各个局部知识的知识产权价格将相应有所上升。所有上述结果都不需要通常的凸性假设 ,因此在以“知识”为核心要素的经济分析中 (包括收益递增经济学 )具有独特重要的意义     

中国传统文化信念、人力资本积累与家庭养老保障机制

本文首先构建一个人力资本积累模型,考察传统文化信念驱动下的家庭养老保障机制以及社会养老保障制度对家庭养老和人力资本投资行为进而对经济增长的影响。分析表明,传统文化信念将后代人力资本积累与父代养老保障有机地联系起来,提供了一种很好的家庭养老保障和人力资本内生积累机制;现收现付型社会养老保障制度不利于人力资本积累和经济增长。其次,本文以我国现实数据为基础进行实证研究,得到结论是社会养老保障制度对我国人力资本积累和经济增长具有明显的抑制作用,而家庭养老保障机制的良好运转则有助于更好地促进人力资本积累和经济增长。因此,我国在致力于完善社会养老保障制度的同时,决不能忽视家庭养老保障机制的作用与培育。     

Strong Belief and Forward Induction Reasoning

We provide a unified epistemic analysis of some forward-induction solution concepts in games with complete and incomplete information. We suggest that forward induction reasoning may be usefully interpreted as a set of assumptions governing the players' belief revision processes, and define a notion of strong belief to formalize these assumptions. Building on the notion of strong belief, we provide an epistemic characterization of extensive-form rationalizability and the intuitive criterion, as well as sufficient epistemic conditions for the backward induction outcome in generic games with perfect information. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D82.