企业信息化建设与"以人为本"理念融合的系统思考

企业信息化建设已成为企业保持和提升其核心竞争力的必由之路。国内众多企业在认识到信息化将给企业带来竞争优势而纷纷投巨资于信息化建设的同时,却往往忽略了“人”这个最基本的能动因素,毕竟“IT投资回报”的关键因素不仅取决于技术的先进性,更在于信息技术使用的效率性。因此,本文在对企业信息化建设过程与“IT悖论”的系统思考后,利用系统循环图工具深入探讨了企业信息化建设过程中“以人为本”理念的重要性,并提出实现企业信息化建设与“以人为本”理念融合的管理对策。     

信息技术投资"生产率悖论"研究及其最新进展

与计算机相关的信息技术在经济领域得到了广泛应用.人们越来越多地关注计算机的投资价值.许多早期的研究发现,计算机的应用并没有引起生产率和公司绩效的显著提高.著名经济学家罗伯特·索罗将这种现象称为"生产率悖论".生产率悖论问题存在于两个层面一是行业和经济层面;另一是企业层面.本文综述了信息技术投资"生产率悖论"问题的主要研究和进展情况.     

考虑出口退税的中国纺织品“生产率悖论”再研究——基于2008年中国纺织品企业数据的线性概率模型实证研究

目前,对于“生产率悖论”的研究已经从经验分析发展到理论模型,本文尝试性地扩展了Melitz的异质性模型,通过利用我国的出口退税政策来解释我国纺织业中出现的“生产率悖论”现象,并通过对我国出口退税政策对纺织品出口的分析,为我国今后纺织品发展及完善出口退税政策提出建议.     

日本信息化的制度演变及对我国的启示

日本政府不断推进IT立国战略，形成了“X-Japan”系列战略，逐步明晰和完善以信息基础设施建设、信息技术落地应用和信息化社会建设为核心的基础制度体系。近年来，日本经济陷入缓滞增长导致信息化建设步伐随之放慢，但其在公共领域信息化、科技伦理和行业前沿等方面仍处于领先梯队。借鉴日本信息化建设的经验，我国在发展信息技术及相关产业时，应当构建完善的基础制度体系，加强科技向善和人文关怀，加快掌握前沿信息技术和先进数字制造，推动信息化建设高质量发展。     

开发信息资源提高企业竞争力

信息资源是任何一个国家和组织生存和发展的重要战略资源，信息化水平是衡量一个国家和组织发展水平的重要标志之一，企业信息化、政府信息化（电子政务）和社会信息化是不可逆转的世界性潮流。“十六大”报告将信息化的意义和战略提到了一个前所未有的高度，指出“信息化是我国加快实现工业化和现代化的必然选择”，要“以信息化带动工业化”，大力推动信息技术在国民经济和社会各领域的广泛应用。企业信息化具有丰富的内容，包括广泛应用信息技术来提高企业生产经营过程的自动化水平、建立现代信息系统、管理方式的网络化、决策支持的智能…     

异质性生产率、产品质量与中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”

生产率一直以来被认为是企业间所存在的主要异质性,基于生产率构建的新新贸易理论是目前国际贸易理论研究的最新前沿,而利用中国工业企业数据库所进行的实证研究却得出了"生产率悖论"的结论。本文将主要分析造成这种违背经典理论经验研究的主要原因,首先,重新设定企业异质性,即在生产率外再引入产品质量异质性来重构异质性企业贸易模型,可以看出,仅仅利用企业产量而忽视产品质量计算的生产率可能会得出"生产率悖论",从而"生产率悖论"很可能只是一个计算问题;接着利用最新的2005～2009年中国工业企业数据库检验中国出口企业"生产率悖论"的存在性,检验认为大部分行业的确存在"生产率悖论"。     

矢志创新 积极开拓——方正科技助力铁路信息化建设取得辉煌成绩

90年代以来，信息化建设已成为我国各大行业发展不可或缺的重要环节。在信息化建设迅速发展的过程中，各大企业也逐步借助信息产业的发展提升了自身的市场竞争力，而企业的信息化建设与IT行业的发展水平密切相关。方正科技作为中国IT企业的佼佼者，长期以来一直积极拓展行业市场，并把尖端的IT技术和信息自动化产品技术投入到了各行各业的生产发展之中。     

我国乡镇企业信息化发展过程研究

本分析了我国乡镇企业信息化的内涵与重要性以及目前我国乡镇企业存在的问题，并结合实际提出了我国乡镇企业信息化阶段性发展的规律及其对策。     

浦东乡镇企业要抓住机遇 再创辉煌──对浦东乡镇企业发展的几点意见

浦东乡镇企业要抓住机遇　再创辉煌──对浦东乡镇企业发展的几点意见赵启正今年以来，我们为推动浦东乡镇企业的发展，提出了实施“列车工程”和“各局为乡镇企业服务年”计划，通过新区各职能局、各大开发公司和各乡镇共同努力，有效地推动了浦东乡镇企业的发展。但是，...     

我国改革中的“政府悖论”及其破解之策

我国改革中的“政府悖论”及其破解之策庞立平随着对改革和改革中的政府行为的深入研究，我国的一些学者提出了改革的“政府悖论”问题，并围绕这个问题进行了初步的探讨和争论．我国的经济体制改革，从总体来说是自上而下推进的，政府是改革的主角和主要的推进力量，如改...     

Overcoming the “Solow paradox”: Tariff reduction and productivity growth of Chinese ICT firms

This paper examines the phenomenon of the “Solow paradox” in China using the Annual Survey of Industrial Production database and the China Customs Records dataset from 1998 to 2007. We find that China likely fell into the Solow paradox in the period 1998–2002, but the total factor productivity of information and communication technology (ICT) enterprises has achieved rapid growth since 2003. Accession to the World Trade Organization is the key reason for China to overcome the Solow paradox, that is, input tariff reduction significantly promoted the productivity of ICT firms. A series of validity and robustness checks confirmed the results. Mechanism analysis shows that input liberalization promotes the productivity of ICT firms through optimizing factor structure, importing more and high-quality inputs, and increasing research and development investment. The conclusions provide strong empirical evidence for developing countries to overcome the Solow paradox through trade liberalization.     

全球生产与贸易新格局下企业国际化发展路径及策略选择——基于生产率异质性理论的分析方法

针对当前我国在新"走出去"战略问题上产生的政策走向与经验分歧困境,文章从全球生产与贸易新格局背景出发,以Melitz(2003)的生产率异质性方法为基础、整合了一个新的理论分析框架,并应用这一框架对中国企业在国际化发展中的路径及其策略问题进行实证分析。研究表明:(1)我国企业生产率总体水平较低,且存在垄断利润与真实生产率相离;(2)中国FDI企业在"走出去"路径上存在异质性企业行为趋同;(3)中国外向性出口企业在"国内参与国际化"路径上存在技术技能劣势效应。这一研究为明确新形势下我国企业国际化发展路径及策略选择提供了理论启示,并为更好地推进我国企业国际化、特别是中小企业实施"走出去"战略,提供一种新的分析工具和理论方法。     

Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Productivity Growth: An Examination of the Brynjolfsson–Hitt Proposition

This study investigates what happened to productivity growth during the Information Technology (IT) revolution in an IT-driven economy, Korea. To this end, we have decomposed the source of productivity growth into technological change, technical efficiency and scale economies using a stochastic frontier function and examined how the composition of productivity growth has changed with different phases of IT developments. We have used panel data that is comprised of 4022 firms from 1996 to 2000. We have found that Korean firms have been quick to embrace organizational restructuring to adapt to a new business environment brought about by IT, which seems to be the major source of the success of Korean firms. We have also found that: (i) there is no substantial difference in productivity gains between IT-producing firms and IT-using firms; (ii) productivity growth is more robust to business cycles in an IT-driven economy than in the traditional economy; and (iii) efficiency improvement attributed to organizational transformation plays a greater role in productivity growth as IT applications become more widespread.     

外资进入和我国企业的生产率：“溢出”抑或“挤出”效应

我国改革和开放是同时推进的,引进了众多外资企业来推动我国经济发展。那么,外资企业的进入是否有助于我国内资企业的成长？我们分析我国工业企业超大样本数据,探讨外资进入的影响,研究我国内资企业的生产率能否向效率前沿收敛。我们发现,我国不同类型的内资企业均存在效率前沿的收敛趋势,内外资企业生产率差距不断缩小。外资进入对我国内资企业的短期影响主要表现为溢出效应,但是对于同行业的其他外资企业呈现挤出效应,特别是其他独资外企。我们进一步发现外资进入的长期影响是挤出效应,但是对于国有企业和民营企业的影响却不尽相同。     

IT,enterprise reform,and productivity in Chinese manufacturing firms

This paper is a first attempt at examining the impact that Information Technology (IT) and enterprise reform have on the productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms by using large-scale firm level datasets from 1995 to 2002. It is found that enterprise reforms captured by the entry and exit of firms have had a positive impact on aggregated productivity growth. In addition, IT plays a relatively important role in the productivity performance of post-reform enterprises, as opposed to enterprises which are not affected by major restructuring in the course of Chinese state-owned enterprise reforms.     

PRODUCTIVITY AND FIRM DYNAMICS: CREATIVE DESTRUCTION IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING, 1994–2000

This paper examines the entry and exit, and the labour productivity, of Indonesian manufacturing firms with 20 workers or more, using a firm-level panel dataset constructed for the years 1994–2000. Overall change in manufacturing labour productivity reached 27.2%—an average growth of 3.5% per annum—between 1994 and 2000, a period that includes the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis, which hit Indonesia hard. Vibrant firm dynamics characterised this period, in which about 10% of manufacturing enterprises were renewed in any one year. By 2000, one-third of all enterprises in existence in 1994 had closed, but the number of enterprises that closed was lower than the number that entered and survived up to the year 2000. The replacement of exiting firms with newly entering firms contributed significantly to increases in overall labour productivity. Regulatory reform in support of this process should lead to gains in productive employment for Indonesian workers.     

Effects of presidents’ characteristics on internationalization of small and medium firms in Japan

Recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade suggest that productivity determines whether firms engage in export activity and foreign direct investment. In practice, however, many productive firms are not internationalized, whereas many unproductive firms are, which suggests that there are factors other than productivity that influence firms’ internationalization. This study uses a unique panel data set for Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to examine whether the personal characteristics of a firm’s president are factors in firm internationalization. We find that SMEs with a risk-tolerant, forward-looking president are more likely to be internationalized. These effects are large in magnitude, as is the productivity effect, which provides a partial explanation as to why many productive firms are not internationalized. In addition, we find that productivity has an insignificant effect on firms exiting export markets, whereas presidential myopia increases the probability of exit. The evidence further suggests that a firm’s initial export costs become sunk following its entry into export markets, which explains why many unproductive firms are internationalized.     

外资进入和我国企业的生产率：“溢出”抑或“挤出”效应

我国改革和开放是同时推进的，引进了众多外资企业来推动我国经济发展。那么，外资企业的进入是否有助于我国内资企业的成长？本文分析我国工业企业超大样本数据，探讨外资进入的影响，研究我国内资企业的生产率能否向效率前沿收敛。结果发现，我国不同类型的内资企业均存在效率前沿的收敛趋势，内外资企业生产率差距不断缩小。外资进入对我国内资企业的短期影响主要表现为溢出效应，但是对于同行业的其他外资企业呈现挤出效应，特别是其他独资外企。我们进一步发现外资进入的长期影响是挤出效应，但是对于国有企业和民营企业的影响却不尽相同。     

Adoption Subsidy Versus Technology Standards Under Asymmetric Information

Summary  Market-based instruments are believed to create more efficient incentives for firms to adopt new technologies than command-and-control policies. We compare the effects of a direct technology regulation and of an adoption subsidy under asymmetric information about the costs of technological advances in controlling the socially undesirable activities. We show that the policy maker may want to commit to her policy. The reason is that asymmetric information about adoption costs induces the policy maker to set subsidy levels that increase over time; firms, expecting higher subsidies in the future, postpone investment. Direct regulation offers a commitment possibility that allows to prevent firms from postponing investment. The research of the the first author was sponsored by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO. We thank the participants of the First World Meeting of the Public Choice Society on March 29–April 1, 2007 in Amsterdam, and especially Frans van Winden, for comments.     

Financial constraints and foreign direct investment: firm-level evidence

Low productivity is an important barrier to the cross-border expansion of firms. But firms may also need external finance to shoulder the costs of entering foreign markets. We develop a model of multinational firms facing real and financial barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI), and we analyze their impact on the FDI decision. Theoretically, we show that financial constraints can affect highly productive firms more than firms with low productivity because the former are more likely to expand abroad. We provide empirical evidence based on a detailed dataset of German domestic and multinational firms which contains information on parent-level financial constraints as well as on the location the foreign affiliates. We find that financial factors constrain firms’ foreign investment decisions, an effect felt in particular by firms most likely to consider investing abroad. The locational information in our dataset allows exploiting cross-country differences in contract enforcement. Consistent with theory, we find that poor contract enforcement in the host country has a negative impact on FDI decisions.