我国农村居民消费升级缓慢的突出表现与对策研究

随着我国从投资拉动型发展方式向内需拉动型发展方式转变,农村居民消费需求在促进我国经济与社会发展中的作用日益凸显.当前,受消费力因素、分配因素与供给因素影响,我国农村居民消费升级缓慢,这突出表现在农村居民消费水平升级缓慢、消费结构升级缓慢、消费环境优化升级缓慢、消费主体智能化升级缓慢等四个方面.为促进我国农村居民消费升级,应拓宽农民增收渠道,提高农村居民素质;统筹城乡发展,合理调节分配关系;改善农村消费环境,优化农村消费供给条件;树立科学消费观,合理引导农村居民消费升级.     

吉林省农村居民收入对消费的影响研究

区域农村居民消费水平的高低代表该区域农民的生活水准。随着吉林省经济的发展,全省农村居民的收入也在不断提高,居民消费水平也逐年提高。但近年来,由于吉林省农村居民的消费水平相对较低、居民未来收入不确定性增大、农村人口老龄化加剧、农村社会保障体系不完善、农村消费环境差等原因,使农村居民消费率一直呈下降趋势,居民消费不足。吉林省应加快提高全省农村居民的收入,健全农村社会保障体系,并努力提供良好的农村消费环境,以有效促进农民消费,提高其生活水平。     

制约农村居民消费需求的收入因素分析

影响农村居民消费需求的因素很多,如收入、市场供给、消费欲望、消费环境等,但在市场经济条件下收入是影响农民消费的最重要因素。本文在分析收入对消费需求影响的基础上,提出了提高农民收入政策建议,以期能刺激农民的消费需求。     

吉林省地市区域农村居民消费特征研究

吉林省的消费率明显高于全国平均水平及邻省,而吉林省的农村居民消费所占比重却持续降低。运用空间自相关检验模型对吉林省地市区域的农村居民收入和消费价格指数的空间依赖性进行分析,得出吉林省农村居民消费符合凯恩斯的绝对收入假说;吉林省不同地市间的农村居民消费呈现出空间集聚现象;9个地市的农村居民消费具有明显的空间自相关性;吉林省在制定农村居民消费政策时应该考虑空间的相关性。     

财政支农、数字普惠金融与农村居民消费升级

“双循环”新发展格局下,农村市场消费潜力不容忽视。强化财政政策支持、完善金融供给对释放农村消费潜力至关重要。基于2011—2019年中国31个省份（不含我国港澳台地区）面板数据,构建PVAR模型,从动态视角探究财政支农、数字普惠金融与农村居民消费升级之间的作用关系。从全国层面上看,财政支农对数字普惠金融发展和农村居民消费升级均存在负向影响,而数字普惠金融发展能够促进农村居民消费升级。从不同区域看,东部和中部地区的财政支农能够显著促进农村居民消费升级,而西部地区则相反;中部和西部地区的数字普惠金融能够促进农村居民消费升级,而东部地区则相反;中部和西部地区财政支农能够促进数字普惠金融发展,而东部地区的促进作用存在短期滞后现象。进一步,固定效应模型回归结果验证了PVAR模型实证得出的关于财政支农、数字普惠金融与农村居民消费升级之间作用关系结论的稳健性。推进农村消费扩容提质升级需要进一步加大财政支农力度并优化财政支农支出结构,实施差异化的数字普惠金融发展政策,构建财政金融协同支农机制。     

农村居民消费结构升级的障碍与对策

加快农村居民消费结构升级,对于扩大内需和促进经济快速发展都具有重要意义.农村居民消费结构升级面临城乡收人差距较大、消费观念滞后、市场环境较差和非理性消费等障碍.消除障碍的对策:增加农村居民收人,缩小城乡收入差距;健全社会保障体系,强化惠农消费政策;改变传统消费观念,适当提高消费倾向;优化农村消费环境,倡导文明消费风气.     

我国农村居民医疗卫生消费的现存障碍及对策探讨

随着和谐社会的提出与人们对健康的持续追求,农村居民的医疗服务需求也就成为一个备受社会关注的问题.我国农村居民医疗卫生需求表现为城乡医疗消费负担失衡、东中西部农民医疗消费负担失衡以及农民医疗保障缺失等诸多特征,其直接后果造成了农民健康资源仍然稀缺.合理分配和布局农村卫生资源,提高农民的健康水平;缩小城乡医疗资源供给差距,缓解城乡居民医疗消费负担失衡,同时建立完善的多层次的区域性农村医疗保障制度是解决我国农村居民医疗服务需求的路径选择.     

提高农村居民消费质量需要优化农村消费环境

提高农村居民消费质量,不仅是扩大我国消费需求的需要,也是建设新农村和实现全面小康的需要。提高农村居民消费质量,必须优化农村消费环境。因为不论是从农村市场环境来看,还是从农村社会文化环境、自然环境来看,都存在制约农村居民消费质量提高的问题。因此,我们要采取行之有效的对策,优化农村消费环境。     

消费环境对我国农村居民消费升级的影响 ——基于省级动态面板数据的系统GMM分析

在经济高质量发展的背景下,消费仍是经济增长的发力点,而消费环境则是促进居民消费增长的外在推动力,因而准确研判消费环境与农村居民消费升级的关系,有助于挖掘农村居民消费潜力,进而拉动经济增长.本文在探讨消费环境影响农村居民消费升级机制的基础上,进一步选取我国2013-2018年28个省、市、自治区的动态面板数据,采取系统G...     

后危机时代扩大我国农村居民消费需求分析

随着经济全球化的纵深发展,我国经济与世界经济的联系越来越广泛.国际金融危机对我国经济可持续发展造成了很大的冲击,目前依靠大幅度增加出口来带动国内经济增长难度很大,拉动经济增长的关键在于扩大内需,特别是扩大消费需求,而其中扩大农村居民消费需求可以为我们带来明显的经济效应、政治效应、文化效应和生态效应,是扩大消费需求的重中之重,这是我国经济增长的持久推动力.为推动农村地区改善消费环境、改变消费观念、提高产品有效供给、处理好生产消费与生活消费的关系,应采取措施增加农民收入,优化农民消费结构;建立并完善农村社会保障体系,提高当前农村居民的消费信心;加强法制建设,提高市场透明度,完善农村社会保障制度,建设农村社会信用体系,以充分调动农村居民的消费积极性,在提高农村居民生活质量的同时,推动整个国民经济又好又快发展.     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Injuries in different socio-economic groups in Finland

Introduction. Suicides are a hidden and unrecognized epidemic in the Indian region, affecting predominantly younger age groups. Information on causative risk factors and mechanisms is not available in the country, which is crucial for designing intervention programmes.

Objectives. To identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in the city of Bangalore.

Methods. A case–control study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods.

Results. The study has shown that several factors in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides. The cumulative and repetitive interaction of several factors in a complex manner results in suicides. The significant factors were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio (OR) = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (OR = 27.98), alcoholism in self (OR = 23.38), presence of a mental illness (OR = 11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR = 7.1), domestic violence (OR = 6.82) and unemployment (OR = 6.15). Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem-solving approaches and coping skills.

Conclusion. The observed findings are at variance with suicidal causation in the West in some areas operating in a different sociocultural and economic environment. The intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society.