The Theory of Knowledge Spillover Entrepreneurship*

abstract The prevailing theories of entrepreneurship have typically revolved around the ability of individuals to recognize opportunities and then to act on them by starting a new venture. This has generated a literature asking why entrepreneurial behaviour varies across individuals with different characteristics while implicitly holding constant the external context in which the individual finds herself. Thus, where the opportunities come from, or the source of entrepreneurial opportunities, is also implicitly taken as given. By contrast, in this paper an important source of entrepreneurial opportunities is identified – knowledge and ideas created in an incumbent organization. By commercializing knowledge that otherwise would remain uncommercialized through the start‐up of a new venture, entrepreneurship serves as a conduit of knowledge spillovers. According to the theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship, a context with more knowledge will generate more entrepreneurial opportunities. By contrast, a context with less knowledge will generate fewer entrepreneurial opportunities. Based on a data set linking entrepreneurship to the knowledge context, empirical evidence is provided that is consistent with the proposition that entrepreneurial opportunities are not exogenous but rather systematically created by investments in knowledge by incumbent organizations.     

创业机会的创新性、员工心理授权与企业绩效的实证研究

创业活动源于创业者对创业机会的识别,而创业机会的创新性强弱则介于模仿性机会和创新性机会之间,过往研究认为创业机会的创新性与企业绩效正相关。但心理授权理论认为员工对工作认知的不同将影响到其行为,故需考虑员工心理授权的调节作用,毕竟对创新机会的开发利用需要员工共同努力。研究发现,创业机会的创新性确实对企业绩效有显著的正向影响;而且心理授权的4个维度因子,即员工对自身能力的认知、影响力的认知、工作意义的认知以及工作自主性的认知均对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,说明提升员工的心理授权感受将有助于提升绩效。还发现,员工对自身能力的认知、工作意义的认知以及工作自主性的认知均显著正向调节了创业机会创新性与企业绩效的关系,只有员工对自身影响力的认知的调节作用不显著。研究结论有助于从外部客观创业机会和内部员工心理授权感知两个过程看待企业绩效的提升,全面理解企业绩效的发生机制。     

以奥运为契机的物流发展

2008年北京奥运会使我国物流机遇与风险并存,我国物流在技术、标准、人才方面的欠缺也会给奥运物流带来很大的挑战。同时使我国物流与国际物流在同一平台竞技,是北京乃至我国物流业发展的一个具有历史意义的时期和机会。文章通过对北京奥运物流分析。指出奥运物流的特点,并以奥运为契机分析其可能给北京物流在奥运会之后带来的巨大促进作用。     

当前国内外创业机会研究述评

创业机会逐渐发展成为创业研究的前提和核心。国内外学者围绕创业机会形成的研究焦点是创业机会的来源、识别、评价和利用。在新的时代背景下,创业机会具体来源途径、组织背景下的创业机会识别、量化的评价模式、组织员工对创业机会的利用将是下一步创业机会研究的中心。     

Absorptive capacity and the identification of opportunities in new technology-based firms

The purpose of this work is to investigate relationships between knowledge and opportunities in new ventures. More specifically, this work proposes and empirically tests how potential absorptive capacity is related with the identification of opportunities in new technology-based firms (NTBFs). To take into account the unique nature of NTBFs we divide potential absorptive capacity into problem absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to identify and acquire knowledge of the goals, aspirations and needs of current and potential customers, and solution absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to identify and acquire external knowledge of solutions to fulfill them. We develop three hypotheses, which predict that both problem absorptive capacity and solution absorptive capacity will be positively related with the identification of opportunities in NTBFs and that they will reinforce each other. The findings support the importance of making a distinction between the two proposed dimensions of potential absorptive capacity and shed light on their effectiveness and interaction for the identification of opportunities.     

河南省公路物流发展SWOT分析

本文运用SWOT分析法对河南省公路物流发展的内部优势和劣势、外部机遇和挑战进行了深入分析,研究结论有助于我们扬长避短,抓住机遇,多快好省地促进河南省公路物流的快速发展。     

Health care reform and the hospital supply chain

With health care reform, hospitals will be differentiated in the marketplace by how well they manage the costs of services. Because products will be market priced, hospital materiel managers will have to minimize all other related acquisition costs. The key opportunities will be in changing processes to eliminate non-value added administrative, supply chain, and process activities and their attendant costs.     

Insider Privatisation and Restructuring Incentives

In the literature on privatisation and restructuring it is a generally held belief that manager owned firms will be restructured more rigorously than worker owned companies. This gives the clear recommendation that property rights and control rights should be allocated to managers in the process of (insider-) privatisation. One of the implied arguments is, that managers' career concerns will make them eager to prove their ability by improving company efficiency. The present model shows that in the transition context managers' career concerns might result in the opposite effect. If the bulk of job opportunities are in worker controlled firms, the managers of the few manager controlled firms will want to appear soft on excess labour capacity – hence, restructure less harshly – in order to improve their career opportunities.     

北部湾经济发展给广西高职教育带来的机遇与挑战

北部湾经济的发展，将带动广西经济的大发展，同样给广西高等职业教育带来了良好的发展机遇，但也面临着困难和挑战。积极采取应对措施，是广西高等职业教育义不容辞的责任。     

基于 SWOT分析的山西现代物流系统的构建

SWOT分析法，又称为态势分析法或优劣势分析法，用来确定自身的竞争优势、竞争劣势、机会和威胁，从而将制定的战略与内部资源、外部环境可以有机地结合起来。文中正是通过分析山西省自身竞争优势、劣势，外部机会、威胁，从而提出如何构建山西现代物流系统。     

Creative problem-solving: an approach to generating ideas.

An excellent starting point for exercising creativity is the area of problem solving. With a bag of creative problem solving tools and techniques, problems will no longer represent setbacks but instead, opportunities to introduce innovations that will support the company's initiative of continuous improvement.     

代际经济支持与我国中老年人健康机会不平等的关系

我国中老年人健康水平与代际经济支持之间存在相互促进作用,且代际经济支持是导致健康机会不平等的重要原因。控制政府可调控因素后,不同户籍、区域间中老年人健康机会不平等程度会缩小。因此,政府部门应不断为中老年人营造良好的客观环境,激发个体主观努力能动性,如从医疗保险、健身活动场所、服务类组织和工业污染源距离等方面改善健康机会不平等程度,进而减轻子女的养老负担。     

基于DEA模型的陕西省装备制造业竞争力分析

随着新一轮经济改革和发展周期的形成,作为陕西支柱产业的装备制造业,将面临更大的调整和机遇,研究和认识陕西装备制造业的发展水平将具有着重要的现实意义。本文采用数据包络分析模型对陕西省装备制造业中7大行业的产业竞争能力进行实证分析研究,探求陕西装备制造业的整体发展水平。     

投资机会、审计风险与审计质量研究

审计可以被视为解决公司代理问题的一种监控机制,是一项能够约束管理者机会主义行为的制度安排.以我国2004年--2008年只发行A股的上市公司为研究样本,在控制样本自选择偏误的基础上,检验审计质量、投资机会和可操控性应计的关系后发现:高投资机会公司的股东为监督公司的管理者有动机选择高质量的审计;同时,投资机会越大的公司,其可操控性应计越高,即高投资机会公司的注册会计师面临着更高的审计风险;而注册会计师为了降低审计风险和被诉讼的风险,也有动机提高自身的审计质量,从而遏制被审单位的可操控性应计.     

Specialty products: the next challenge for alliances

As group purchasing matures, alliances and GPOs will need to expand their contract portfolio to include specialty products. As groups and manufacturers negotiate successful specialty products agreements and hospitals actively support those contracts, the industry as a whole stands to benefit. If alliance and manufacturers do not attempt to negotiate specialty products agreements that bring value to both parties, hospitals will miss out on savings, and suppliers will lose market share opportunities.     

Exploring servant leadership across cultures: comparative study in Australia and Indonesia

Several problematic aspects of women's paid employment - e.g. low pay and lack of promotional opportunities - are exacerbated by the segregation of women and men into different occupations. In this article, the potential of in-store equal opportunities policies to break down such gender segregation will be explored, through consideration of the existence and implementation of these policies in twenty-two multinational retail companies in Dublin and Paris. It will be argued that, with one notable exception, the instore equal opportunities policies are effectively neutralized, and furthermore are neutralized in nationally specific ways which can be related to differences between France and Ireland in the organization of labour-market regulation and in women's labour-force participation (LFP). The case-study findings also suggest that the 'country' variable has a stronger effect on the existence and implementation of these policies than the extent of a shop's links to an overseas headquarters. The findings of this study have implications for both the equity of women's incorporation into the paid labour force and understanding of aspects of HRM in branches of multinational companies.     

浅析金融租赁业务的发展

自改革开放后,我国第一家金融租赁公司诞生以来,金融租赁行业经历了蓬勃发展期,也经历了萧条期。随着新的《金融租赁公司管理办法》的实施,会为金融租赁行业带来哪些新契机呢?本文结合我国金融租赁公司的现状,以及对金融租赁公司特有的业务优势的分析,认为本市场日益繁荣的大环境下,金融租赁行业面临着巨大的历史性发展机遇。     

成都地区现代物流产业的SWOT分析

本文运用SWOT分析方法对当前环境下成都发展现代物流业所具有的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行了分析,指出成都物流业发展的环境会更加宽松,各类企业只有抓住机遇发挥优势,消除劣势迎接挑战,才能促进成都物流业更好更快地发展.最后根据分析结果对成都地区发展现代物流业提出几点建议.     

后金融危机民营企业海外并购SWOT分析

后金融危机时代,世界经济开始脆弱复苏,市场未来发展前景仍不明朗。我国企业"走出去"适逢难得的机遇。继国有企业之后,不少颇具实力的民营企业从"幕后"走向"台前",努力通过海外并购寻求更大的商机。本文采用SWOT分析法剖析民营企业海外并购面临的优劣势、机会与威胁,并据此提出相关建议希望帮助民营企业海外并购获得成功。     

金融危机背景下妇女创业的优劣分析

金融危机背景下妇女创业既面临着严峻的挑战,又有难得的机遇。作为现代妇女,只要找准自己的发展坐标,牢牢地抓住机遇,就一定能够实现自己的创业理想。