Market Conditions and Abnormal Returns of IPO–An Empirical Study of Taiwan's High-Tech Companies

Four new determinants of initial/long-run IPO (initial public offering) returns from the perspectives of market conditions are proposed in this paper. The associated effects are examined by using the samples of Taiwan's high-tech IPO companies. Our empirical findings are consistent with the following notions. First, the four new determinants proposed perform remarkable effects on the IPO returns. Second, the length for IPO and IPO clustering phenomena has notable impacts on the long-run returns of IPO. In contrast, the performances of public stock markets show significant effects on the initial returns of IPO.     

终极所有权与企业边界——理论和来自汽车行业的证据

本文研究企业终极所有权的性质及其结构对企业纵向边界的影响。作为国有产权事实上的终极所有者——政府比自然人所有者更偏好企业规模的增长。纵向一体化是企业不需要具备效率优势也能扩大规模的战略,故国有终极所有权比重越高,企业越倾向于纵向一体化。本文建立了数理模型验证了国有企业倾向于自制更多种类的零部件和自制更大比例某种零部件。本文用乘用车企业汽车发动机的"自制抑或外购"的数据,乘用车企业终极所有权结构的资料,验证了汽车企业发动机的自制决策与企业的国有终极产权比重正相关。同时,本文也验证了国有终极所有权比例对企业零部件的自制比率有显著的正向影响。     

Export spillover from foreign direct investment in China during pre- and post-WTO accession

This study investigates the effects of export spillover from foreign direct investment (FDI) before and after China’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, with particular consideration of the FDI source country and firm ownership structure. It uses a Chinese manufacturing firm-level panel dataset, for the period 1998–2007. In general, there are no spillover effects among state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study finds negative horizontal and positive vertical spillovers associated with FDI from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan (HMT) among non-SOEs. Furthermore, non-HMT FDI, which is predominantly from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, have statistically significant positive horizontal and vertical spillover effects on the export performance of private Chinese firms. Positive forward spillovers occurred only after China joined the WTO, while positive backward spillovers existed during both the pre- and post-WTO periods. China’s entry into the WTO intensified the forward linkage of production, implying that greater availability of high-quality inputs produced by non-HMT foreign multinationals benefited the export performance of private domestic firms.     

核准制下IPO价格行为的比较研究

我国核准制包括通道制和保荐制两个阶段,IPO价格行为包含IPO抑价和IPO长期表现失常两个过程。文章对我国核准制下IPO价格行为的表现及影响因素进行了实证分析,结果表明：核准制两个阶段的IPO价格行为区别明显,保荐制下IPO抑价率与三年累计超额收益均低于通道制;通道制主要受到市场和行政发行方式等外部因素影响,保荐制则主要受到发行公司自身规模和财务状况等内部因素的影响。这些现象说明,保荐制的实施提高了新股发行定价效率,保证了上市公司的质量,使投资者的行为更加理性。     

基于所有权分散理论的IPO抑价现象实证分析

IPO抑价一直都是金融界研究的焦点问题。但至今IPO抑价现象的成因仍未形成统一的认识。本文选取了2009年1月1日到2010年3月19日期间在深圳成功的IPO的35家公司中的119只股票进行了分析。结果发现:所有权越分散,抑价率就越低,二者呈负相关。     

上市公司股权结构与公司绩效实证分析——基于不同行业的考察

以沪深两市石油化工行业和纺织服装行业214家上市公司为样本,考察不同行业不同竞争性下股权结构与公司绩效之间的关系。实证分析结果表明:股权结构对上市公司绩效的影响随行业竞争性的不同而不同。不同行业股权集中度与公司绩效的关系完全不同,同类型的股东在公司治理中发挥的作用也依行业而定。国有股减持及建立合理的股权结构应考虑不同行业的特点有区别地进行。     

管理者收购、企业家职能与上市公司治理结构

管理者收购的主要目的是解决"代理人问题",企业藉此能够建立一种努力与收益相对称的、以股权为基础的激励机制.文章首先分析了MBO与企业家职能的关系,认为MBO是对所有权与经营权合一的回归;其次对MBO与公司治理结构进行了分析,认为MBO是求解所有权与经营权以及约束与激励之间的最佳平衡点,其结果是治理结构的调整和利益分配的改变,而MBO与企业经营绩效提高之间并不存在必然的正相关关系;最后文章透析了近年来中国上市公司的MBO,指出对于非国有控股上市公司而言,MBO的意义在于通过经营者持股解决从家族式企业向现代企业过渡的二次创业问题;对于国有控股上市公司而言,目前应充分关注具有控制权的管理者以较低价格收购公司股权,造成国有资产流失.     

发审委关联、业绩粉饰与IPO审核决策

发审委关联对资本配置产生的影响已引发广泛关注,但对其影响资本配置决策的机制的关注还明显不足。以2007年9月24日至2017年8月31日的IPO申请为对象,研究了IPO企业通过其聘任的或其保荐机构聘任的会计师事务所与发审委形成的关联影响发审委决策的机制。研究发现:发审委关联的存在提高了IPO企业报告的历史业绩;报告业绩和发审委关联都能独立地提高审核通过率;而上述情形主要发生在民营企业。这意味着报告业绩并未完全成为发审委关联影响发审委决策的媒介,申请企业在利用业绩粉饰配合审核权限以达到上市目的。     

股权制衡的内部监督效应与公司绩效——基于沪深两市2007～2009年民营上市公司的实证检验

本文以2007～2009年沪深两市民营上市公司作为样本,研究了股权制衡的内部监督效应及其对公司绩效的影响。研究结果表明,制衡的股权结构有助于提升公司绩效;非制衡的股权结构不存在内部监督效应,无法对公司绩效进行提升;过度分散的股权结构通过董事会、管理层薪酬设置对公司绩效有一定的促进作用。     

我国中小企业板上市公司IPO前后业绩变化及其成因分析

本文以2006年在中小企业板IPO的52家公司为样本,选用样本公司IPO前一年(2005年)、IPO当年(2006年)及IPO后两年(2007～2008年)4年财务数据,对公司IPO前后经营业绩变化的情况进行实证研究。结果表明,样本公司在IPO后出现经营业绩下滑的现象,部分公司经营业绩下滑现象相当明显。本文希望从成因分析中得到相关的启示和建议,从而为完善中小企业板的IPO提出相关的建议,同时也希望能为深圳交易所开设的创业板IPO提供借鉴。     

盈余操控方式对创业板上市公司IPO后业绩的影响

通过对创业板上市公司从应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理两个视角比较不同盈余操控方式对IPO后企业业绩的影响。实证分析结果表明,创业板公司IPO前后同时实施应计项目操控和真实活动操控两种盈余操控行为。其中真实盈余管理是IPO后企业业绩下滑的深层次原因,且不同盈余操控方式对IPO后3年业绩影响具有时间差异。     

信息技术业上市公司股权结构与经营绩效关系的实证研究

文章以净资产收益率为公司经营绩效的衡量指标,以股权集中度和股权构成为自变量,比较全面地考察了中国信息技术业上市公司股权结构与经营绩效的关系,实证分析表明:中国信息技术业上市公司实力不均衡;股权集中度与公司经营绩效无关;国有股、法人股及流通A股与经营绩效均不呈现相关关系.     

An International IPO Review with a Focus on China

I. IntroductionThe academic research on financial field has undergone considerable development overthe last thirty years. Many important theories and models have been developed whichhave greatly influenced the current financial field. However, although remarkable successhas been achieved in the academic development of finance, there are still many unsolvedproblems in this area. For example, the underpricing of unseasoned new issues of commonstock is still one of the most puzzling phenomena (B…     

The Empirical Study on Interaction between Corporate Ownership and Board Structure

Corporate ownership, board structure and leadership structure are important internal governance mechanisms. They have effect on firm performance, and also are affected by many internal factors of the firm. In this paper, by means of theory and empirical analysis, we discuss the relation between ownership and board structure and the determinants of them, find some significant results such as management ownership which is affected by firm performance, as well as relates to outside director ownership. These findings tell us that there exist some substitutions and complement relations in govemance mechanisms, which is important to the research on manner that corporate governance works.     

Long live China’s state-owned enterprises: deflating the myth of poor financial performance

China’s industrial state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are commonly perceived as performing poorly. This leads authors to conclude that SOE reform so far has been a failure, and to recommend all-out privatization. Industrial SOE profitability indeed declined drastically in the course of the reform period, and industrial SOEs are always less profitable than industrial non-SOEs. However, the gap between SOEs and non-SOEs can be explained by just two factors: SOEs face higher circulation tax rates than non-SOEs, and have a higher capital intensity. In as far as these are the result of government policies and historical factors discriminating against SOEs, privatization of SOEs may improve these enterprises’ profitability levels, but privatization is not a necessary condition. The decline in SOE profitability over time furthermore is well explained by economic transition factors; non-SOE profitability declined following a similar time pattern, and non-SOEs are no better suited to withstand shocks such as the 1989–1990 economic downturn.     

Ownership structure and corporate governance in Chinese stock companies

This study investigates whether ownership structure significantly affects the performance of publicly listed companies in China within the framework of corporate governance. A typical listed stock company in China has a mixed ownership structure with three predominant groups of shareholders—the state, legal persons (institutions), and individuals—each holding approximately 30% of the stock. Ownership is heavily concentrated. The five largest shareholders accounted for 58% of the outstanding shares in 1995, compared with 57.8% in the Czech Republic, 79% in Germany, and 33% in Japan. Empirical analysis shows that the mix and concentration of stock ownership do indeed significantly affect a company's performance. First, there is a positive and significant correlation between ownership concentration and profitability. Second, the firm's profitability is positively correlated with the fraction of legal person shares, but it is either negatively correlated or uncorrelated with the fractions of state shares and tradable A-shares held mostly by individuals. Third, labor productivity tends to decline as the proportion of state shares increases. These results suggest the importance of large institutional shareholders in corporate governance, the inefficiency of state ownership, and potential problems in an overly dispersed ownership structure.     

When Does Pre‐IPO Financial Reporting Trigger Post‐IPO Legal Consequences?

Prior research suggests that the fear of litigation precludes most managers from manipulating earnings in the initial public offering (IPO) setting. Yet, managers' restraint is perhaps unwarranted: research has not yet linked instances of aggressive pre‐IPO reporting to increased litigation risk. This paper investigates when aggressive IPO reporting triggers legal consequences. Examining 2,037 IPOs, we find that even when ex post evidence indicates the presence of earnings inflation, litigation is more likely to occur when investors have relied on the suspect earnings during the pricing process. Why might investors rely on some firms' abnormal accruals when valuing the IPO and yet discount the abnormal accruals of other firms? Our analyses suggest that IPO investors incorporate abnormal accrual information into IPO prices in situations where accruals are more likely to reflect information and where other sources of information to help investors make pricing decisions are lacking or are less reliable. In these situations, we find that abnormal accruals do positively correlate with future performance, validating investors' use of this information when pricing these offerings. Yet, when ex post performance reveals that these pre‐IPO abnormal accruals were in fact inflated, we find that litigation emerges to allow harmed shareholders to recover losses incurred dating back to the pricing process—importantly, investors are only harmed if they used those abnormal accruals in pricing the IPO. Collectively, our evidence indicates that litigation in response to earnings inflation does indeed surface in the IPO setting—but only when investors need it to settle the score.     

基于终极产权论的股权结构与公司绩效研究

文章依据终极产权理论,对我国制造业上市公司股权进行重新划分,分为国有终极控制权和非国有终极控制权.采用面板数据方法,在控制样本选择偏差和股权内生变量的前提下研究股权结构对公司绩效的影响.实证结果表明,终极控制权比例与国有控股公司绩效CFOA、M/B呈显著的倒U性关系,而与传统绩效指标ROE、ROA无显著关系,在非国有终极控股公司中则不存在上述关系.流通A股比例与公司绩效关系不确定.样本选择偏差、机构投资者和外资股对公司绩效也有不同的影响.     

苏宁易购实施员工持股计划的绩效分析

随着经济发展，上市企业普遍存在所有权与经营权分离的现象，其中伴随着相应的代理问题，有效降低企业代理成本及风险，有利于企业的内部治理，从而提高经营绩效。员工持股计划能让员工拥有所有权，从一定程度能改变所有权结构并影响企业经营绩效。以苏宁易购实施员工持股计划为例，分析其代理成本的变化，再对其盈利能力、偿债能力、营运能力进行分析，判断该激励计划对企业经营绩效的影响。结果表明，实施员工持股计划有利于企业短期绩效的提高，但要达到更好的激励效果，还需结合具体情况调整激励计划。