日本企业的投资和融资关系的实证研究

本文以kalecki的投资理论为依据,运用panel分析方法检验了日本企业的投资和资金筹集的关系.基本结论是:在大企业内部融资对投资的影响最大,而在中小企业长期借款对投资的影响最大.企业债券与投资之间存在一定的相关关系.实证结果与Kalecki的投资理论和融资顺序理论均相符合.     

军工企业多元融资方式综合评价——基于模糊网络分析法

通过分析军工企业融资的特点,构建军工企业多元融资方式综合评价指标体系。将模糊网络分析法应用于融资适宜度评价,采用网络分析法确定指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法全面反映定性评价的定量信息。最后,通过具体实例深入分析内源融资、股权融资、银行贷款、债券融资和资产证券化的融资适宜情况。     

银企关系对制造业中小企业贷款利率的影响研究——来自江苏徐州和广西柳州典型样本的证据

通过对江苏徐州和广西柳州典型样本的调研发现,在中小企业贷款中,实际上存在着"绑定效应",当中小企业在银行的贷款占自己资金缺口的比重较大时,出于风险控制和攫取更多剩余的目的,银行会提高贷款利率;当中小企业的融资渠道较多时,银行贷款利率反而因为中小企业的融资需求旺盛而提高。用中小企业与银行的合作年限、中小企业在该银行贷款比重等进行衡量的银企关系深度越强,中小企业银行贷款利率反而越高,而用中小企业在银行开办的其他业务数量来衡量的银企关系的广度越强,中小企业贷款的利率则会越低。     

股权结构、产权性质与债券融资成本*——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

本文基于最近十年503家上市公司发行的984只债券数据,实证检验了股权结构、产权性质对债券融资成本的影响。研究表明：股权集中度与债券融资成本正相关,制衡度与债券融资成本负相关。进一步检验发现,股权结构对债券融资成本的影响在民营企业中比在国有企业中更显著,产权性质发挥了调节作用。本文一定程度上丰富了公司债券定价理论,为发行人降低债券融资成本、投资人评估债券投资风险提供了有益启示,并为监管部门完善债券市场监管政策提供了经验证据。       

小额信贷机构资金来源及融资杠杆率探析

小额信贷机构在促进经济增长、增加就业、推动科技创新等方面具有不可替代的作用。但较之于国外发展较为成熟的经济体,我国的小额信贷机构尚处于探索阶段,信贷资金来源受限难以满足现金需求,融资杠杆率低制约着其资本收益率,这些都限制着我国小额信贷机构的可持续发展。对比国外成功经验,我国应给予小额信贷机构更多政策扶持,提高其融资杠杆率,拓宽其资金来源。     

Does fiscal policy really matter in the context of variable prices?

Blinder and Solow's crowding-out analysis is extended by allowing wealth effects of debt accumulation on both aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Two questions are reexamined; (1) the compatibility relationship between the long-run stability and the sign of the instantaneous money and bond multipliers, and (2) the long-run relative expansionary effect of bond financing. Without capital accumulation, real crowding-out may become compatible with stability under both money and bond financing, while nominal crowding-out is not. Normally, this is also true with capital accumulation. Furthermore, bond financing is not necessarily more expansionary than money financing in either real or nominal terms.     

创业板企业融资决策对企业创新绩效的影响

在我国经济结构转型、债务压力化解的新形势下,企业通过融资能够有效提高资源利用效率,从而提升企业创新绩效。选取2010—2018年中国创业板上市公司为研究样本,并从企业债务治理角度,实证研究探讨融资类型以及融资限期对创业板企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现：①创业板企业融资决策与企业创新绩效显著相关;②商业信用融资、银行贷款等外源融资与企业创新绩效呈负相关;③股权的内源融资与企业创新绩效呈显著正相关;④在融资限期结构中,长期借款对企业绩效的负向作用比短期借款更大。基于以上发现,从风险控制角度提出相关建议,以期找到适合创业板企业的融资方式,促进企业创新绩效提升。     

Financial structure,productivity, and risk of foreign direct investment

This study investigates how heterogeneous firms choose their lenders when they raise external finance for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and how the choice of financing structure affects FDI activities. We establish an asymmetric information model to analyze why certain firms use private bank loans while others use public bonds to finance foreign production. The hidden information is the productivity shock to FDI. Banks are willing to monitor the risk of FDI, while bondholders are not; hence, banks act as a costly middleman that enables firms to avoid excessive risk. We show that firms’ productivity levels, the riskiness of FDI, and the relative costs of bank finance and bond finance are three key determinants of the firm’s financing choice. Countries with higher productivity, higher bank costs, or investment in less risky destinations, use more bond finance than bank finance. These results are supported by evidence from OECD countries.     

The lack of loan aversion among Canadian high school students

Evidence is presented on the factors that influence take‐up for postsecondary education financing (loans or grants) for high school students. Results show several factors influence the students' decisions about taking loans or grants but the most prominent influence was the price of educational subsidy. A total of 1,248 high school students across Canada participated. Prices for the grants and loans overlapped substantially in order to more clearly distinguish the impact of loan aversion on the decision to take up financial assistance to pursue PSE. The study featured paid experimental decisions (ranging from $25 to $700 in cash and from $500 to $4,000 in education financing), a numeracy assessment, a student survey and a parental telephone survey. The targeted sample included at‐risk high school students: low SES levels, First Nations and first generation students. Participants were marginally sensitive to the form of financing (grant or loan), with no evidence of systematic loan aversion being detected.     

高等学校贷款风险及其防范措施

在高校超常规发展、大规模举债办学、快速扩张的同时,高校财务风险日益凸现。高校贷款会带来学校财政风险、银行金融风险及政府财政风险。我们应从思想上构筑贷款风险防线、管理上提高贷款使用效益、制度上保证贷款资金的安全性、方法上多渠道筹集资金和建立贷款风险预警系统等方面入手,以防范高校贷款风险的实际发生。     

金融抑制与黑龙江省中小企业融资难题的破解思路

金融抑制是发展中国家的一个共同特征之一,也是形成黑龙江省中小企业融资困境的根本原因之一.政府管制的低利率造成巨大的融资缺口,商业银行只能通过信贷配给的方式安排有限的借贷资金;金融市场的分割形成金融体系的二元性,将中小企业排斥在正规金融体系之外,加大了其融资成本.深入分析金融抑制与中小企业融资困境的关系,才能找到破解中小企业融资难题的思路.重点是合理安排利率水平,加强利率市场化管理,并发展多层次的金融体系结构,进而为中小企业提供多渠道的融资途径.     

The pricing of risk in emerging credit markets: Bonds versus loans

Much of the volatility in emerging markets in the 1990s stems from the fact that the major form of foreign investment is the bond rather than the bank loans which predominated until the debt crisis of the 1980s. Bondholders are too dispersed to negotiate with during a liquidity shortfall. Thus, a shortage of reserves becomes a full-blown crisis. This was not the case in the 1980s when banks, as the major creditors, often lent to countries in arrears. The risk to a loan is therefore rescheduling, while the risk to a bond is default. Empirically pricing loans and bonds as assets reveals that bonds incorporate the greater risk of default into their spreads. Debentures are thus riskier credit than loans. As developing countries now obtain most finance through these risky instruments, the volatility of the 1990s is better understood.     

我国农业上市公司的政治关联与融资便利性

本文以社会资本理论为切入点，实证分析政治关联对我国农业上市公司获取银行信贷融资及其期限结构的影响。以1996—2010年间在沪深两地上市的农业企业为样本，以董事长是否现在或曾经担任政府官员、人大代表、政协委员来判断政治关联。检验结果发现，农业上市公司的政治关联与银行贷款数量显著正相关；政治关联所带来的融资便利性，更多表现为获取银行的短期贷款。研究表明，政治关联作为一种特殊的社会资本，能够作为非正式制度帮助农业企业获得银行信贷支持。     

crowdfunding——初创企业的融资救星

近年来，从欧美市场兴起的Crowdfunding（众筹）概念改变了现有的创业融资生态环境，其运作模式是通过众人集体的融资来帮助初创企业度过最艰难的成长阶段。2012年与2011年相比，全球Crowdfunding活动数量增长了81％，资金总额达26．7亿美元，预计2013年其资金总量将到达51亿美元。Crowdfunding分为捐赠、奖励、贷款和投资4种类型，其投资类是初创企业通常采用的方式。Crowdfunding的成功要素包括：融资目标的设置、防止欺诈、投资者信息开放以及融资结束后的管理等等。欧美政府对Crowdfunding持支持的态度，其欧美市场Crowdfunding的发展如日中天，给初创企业融资带来了新的生机。Crowdfunding强劲的发展趋势表明其是一种不可忽视的新兴融资模式。     

专利质押贷款风险动态监控预警研究

专利质押贷款为科技型中小企业提供了一种有效的融资方式,但是由于资产规模等问题,专利质押融资风险远高于其它抵押贷款方式,因此需要在贷款后对企业还贷风险进行实时动态监控预警。首先建立了科技型中小企业贷款风险预警指标体系,并依据Kalman滤波理论建立了风险动态预警模型,确定了企业还贷能力由健康到轻度危机再到重度危机的两个分割点,进而检测企业贷款偿还能力从健康-财务波动-财务危机的演变轨迹。实证研究表明,该模型的总体判别准确率较高,预警效果好。      

Patterns of Corporate Financing and Financial System Convergence in Europe

The paper investigates the possibility of convergence in the European Union (EU) in terms of the patterns of corporate financing by banks, bond markets, and stock markets; and in the context of whether the economies are converging towards an Anglo‐Saxon (capital‐market‐oriented) or a continental (bank‐oriented) financial system. GMM estimation of a dynamic fixed‐effects model is implemented to test for conditional and unconditional convergence using a panel of flow of funds data for the period 1972–1996 for seven EU member countries. It is found that the pattern of corporate financing is consistent with the pecking order theory of financing choices. Overall, the evidence suggests convergence of the EU financial systems on a variant of the Anglo‐Saxon model, depicting heavy reliance on internal financing as well as direct financing via equity and bond markets, while bank debt is becoming relatively less important.     

Loan availability and investment: can innovative companies better cope with loan denials?

This study examines the consequences of loan denials for the investment performance of small- and medium-sized German enterprises. As a consequence of a loan denial, innovative companies experience a smaller drop in the share of actual to planned investment than noninnovative companies. The nonrandomness of loan denials is controlled for with a selection equation employing the intensity of banking competition at the district level as an exclusion restriction. We can explain the better performance of innovative companies by their ability to increase the use of external equity financing, such as venture capital or mezzanine capital, when facing a loan denial.     

中小企业融资与信用理财产品开发研究

＂融资难＂问题是制约中小企业发展的重要瓶颈,＂只贷不存＂和＂信息不对称＂让小额贷款公司和商业银行分别陷入了自己向中小企业贷款的相对困境。通过信用理财产品,可以将小额贷款公司和商业银行的优势互补,降低信息不对称成本和交易成本,从而解决中小企业的融资困难问题。     

EMU and the transmission of monetary policy: evidence from business lending rates

This paper analyses the pass-through of money market rates to short-term and long-term business lending rates in the four largest euro area countries. The main findings of the paper are (1) that since the start of EMU loan rates appear to have become more responsive to money market rate changes in France, Italy and Spain, but not in Germany, and (2) that German loan rates are significantly more sluggish than loan rates in the other three large euro area countries. I also test for non-linear pass-through based on an asymmetric error-correction model but do not find much evidence of non-linearity in euro area interest rate pass-through.The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank.     

对我国交通建设投融资政策的探讨

通过对我国交通建设投融资政策的研究和探讨,提出拓宽交通建设融资渠道,除了财政拨款、征收费税和银行贷款之外,可视情况适当采用通过资本市场发行企业债券、引入外资投资或参股、交通基础设施经营权有偿转让和在证券市场发行股票等融资方法,以提高我国交通建设的规模.