高架火炬系统负压问题的计算分析及安全防范措施

火炬系统是石化厂处理全厂排放可燃气体的重要的安全环保设施,火炬系统的安全可靠运行是全厂各装置安全可靠运行的重要保证。火炬系统负压会导致外界空气从火炬头倒吸进入火炬筒体,造成回火爆炸等严重的安全事故。尤其是对于大型高架火炬系统,负压平衡容积大、火炬头开口大,更容易导致空气倒吸。随着化工装置的大型化,如何避免火炬系统的负压影响,对于火炬系统的本质安全运行至关重要。本文介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司湖北化肥分公司20万吨/年合成气制乙二醇项目高架火炬系统负压问题的分析计算以及安全防范措施,对今后同类设计具有借鉴和指导意义。     

化工废气高架火炬结构优化及工程应用案例

文章简要介绍了现有高架火炬存在的技术缺陷,针对现有的废气焚烧工业火炬存在稳焰效果不理想、点火系统不可靠、燃尽率不能有效保证等问题设计开发出新型的工业废气高架火炬,该火炬通过优化头部结构及点火系统,可以适应多变化工况下的排放气处理,安全、稳定、自动化水平高,且排放尾气符合环保标准。文章通过引用已有实际工程应用案例进一步证实该火炬系统的优越性。     

125$m高架火炬头更换施工技术

以某公司125 m高架火炬头更换施工为例,介绍火炬头更换吊装的稳定性、载荷、吊装索具强度计算等,以及整个火炬头更换施工工艺过程,为同类超高吊装施工提供借鉴。     

J公司火炬回收系统优化措施

文章是对J公司火炬气回收系统进行优化，J公司现有火炬气回收系统无法及时回收火炬气，且现有湿式气柜及压缩机年久失修，现有火炬气回收系统不能满足规范及环保要求，因此对现有火炬气回收系统进行优化改造，拆除湿式气柜及压缩机，按规范新增干式气柜回收可燃性气体，并增加凝缩液罐及螺杆压缩机，改造相应工艺配套流程，以达到优化火炬气回收系统，节能减排、保护环境、降低加工损失、节能降耗，提高企业经济效益的目的。     

大型煤化工装置火炬分子封损坏原因及解决措施

某大型煤化工装置火炬系统在运行中出现分子封损坏的问题,分析损坏原因,并实施相关改造,保证了火炬安全、稳定运行。     

城市高架桥预制柱施工技术要点

为解决城市高架施工中的预制立柱施工问题,本文结合某城市高架实际情况,对其预制立柱施工技术进行深入分析,提出立柱钢筋笼施工、模板施工、混凝土施工等主要施工环节的施工方法及要点,最后经实践验证了该城市高架预制立柱施工技术的合理性与对技术要点把控的精准性,以期为相关人员提供参考。     

终端阀门的维修难点及处理方法

终端阀具有关闭、调节、重定向、逆流避免、压力稳定、抗冲击或溢流等功能,是生产设备的重要组成部分,也是最容易发生泄漏、堵塞和损坏的部位,因终端位置敏感,在正常生产条件下无法对不同阀门进行日常维护和拆卸。探讨阀门可拆卸问题和大型调节阀可拆卸问题,以及防锁装置、大型调节阀网络可拆卸工具和可拆卸装置,结合实际设计了一系列解决方案,缩短阀门检修周期,提高检修质量,保证终端阀门向下游用户供给的畅通。     

高炉高架移动小车除尘升级改造

在原有除尘系统构架的基础上修旧利旧,将高炉矿槽、高架料仓电收尘除尘系统改造为布袋除尘系统,达到国家环保排放标准要求的同时,降低改造成本。     

加强瓦斯气回收利用 减少企业环境污染

通过对炼油厂低压瓦斯气回收系统的改造,增加低压瓦斯气回收系统的回收能力,保证该系统能可靠、长周期运行,充分回收和合理利用低压瓦斯气这一优质能源,使炼油厂低压瓦斯气回收系统工艺流程运行更加优化合理,在正常生产时低压瓦斯气不在火炬上燃烧,消灭了火炬长明灯,从装置源头减小了低压瓦斯气排放量,不仅合理的、有效的利用了资源,减少了资源的浪费,而且减轻了因瓦斯气燃烧对周边环境的污染.     

炼化厂火炬故障分析及预防措施

炼油火炬在日常使用中出现了不同程度的故障,如:燃料线断裂、蒸汽环管组件破损、燃烧器筒体外壁存在裂纹等。本文主要对炼油火炬存在的故障进行分析并提出预防措施,以提高火炬使用寿命。     

基于层次分析法的瓦斯电厂火炬故障原因分析

运用层次分析法构建煤矿瓦斯电厂火炬故障原因AHP模型,利用山西省某矿瓦斯电厂火炬发生故障的资料汇总和专家评估结果,得出故障原因的权重,并利用历史数据对模型结果进行检验。检验结果表明,层次分析法在分析瓦斯电厂火炬故障原因方面有重要指导意义。     

Achieving Fit between Learning and Market Orientation: Implications for New Product Performance

Drawing on the learning and market orientation literature, this study examines how responsive and proactive market orientations interact with exploitative and exploratory learning to affect new product performance. Despite advancements in understanding the distinctions between the different types of learning and market orientations, little evidence exists regarding which types of market orientation work best with exploitative or exploratory learning to improve new product performance. Using a sample of 216 high‐tech Canadian firms, the authors find that new product performance is elevated only when exploratory learning is bundled with proactive market orientation. New product performance suffered when exploratory learning was complemented with responsive market orientation and when exploitative learning was complemented with proactive market orientation. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.     

PAYING FOR LOYALTY: PRODUCT BUNDLING IN OLIGOPOLY*

In recent times, pairs of retailers such as supermarket and retail gasoline chains have offered bundled discounts to customers who buy their respective product brands. These discounts are a fixed amount off the headline prices that allied brands continue to set independently. We show that a pair of firms can profit from offering a bundled discount to the detriment of other firms and consumers whose preferences are farther removed from the bundled brands. Indeed, when both pairs of firms negotiate bundling arrangements, there are no beneficiaries and consumers simply find themselves consuming a sub‐optimal brand mix.     

Coordination of Design Supply Chains for Bundling Physical and Software Products*

Research on product development management has concentrated on physical products or on software, but not both. This article explores a special new product development (NPD) approach in which the internal development of core physical products is augmented by bundled and largely outsourced software features. We studied a medical device producer that has established a new medical information product group (MIPG) within their NPD organization to create software features that are bundled with their core physical products. The MIPG has conceptualized these software features as multiple software development projects, and then coordinated their realization largely through the use of external software suppliers. This case study centers on the question: how can firms effectively coordinate such product development processes? Our analysis of case evidence and related literature suggests that such product bundling processes, when pursued through design supply chains (DSC), are more complex than is typical for the development of streams of either physical products or software products individually. We observe that DSC coordination transcends the requirements associated with traditional “stage‐gate” NPD processes used for physical product development. Managers in DSC settings face a tension inherent to distributed work: keeping internal and external development efforts separate to exploit the design capabilities within a network of software suppliers, while ensuring effective delivery of a stream of bundled products. Many managers face this coordination tension with little, if any, prior knowledge of how to create a streamlined and effective DSC. Our research indicates that these managers need to make a series of interrelated decisions: the number of suppliers to qualify and include in or exclude from the DSC; the basis for measuring and modifying the scope of the suppliers' work; the need to account for asymmetric cost structures and expertise across the DSC; the mechanisms for synchronizing development work across elements of the DSC; and the approaches for developing skills—both technical and administrative—that project managers need for utilizing in‐house competencies while acquiring and assimilating design know‐how from external development organizations. When managers take a flexible approach toward these decisions based on a modular set of software development projects, they can improve their NPD outcomes through technical and organizational experimentation and adjust their own resource deployment to best utilize the suppliers' capabilities within their DSC.     

Value creation in innovation ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations

The success of an innovating firm often depends on the efforts of other innovators in its environment. How do the challenges faced by external innovators affect the focal firm's outcomes? To address this question we first characterize the external environment according to the structure of interdependence. We follow the flow of inputs and outputs in the ecosystem to distinguish between upstream components that are bundled by the focal firm, and downstream complements that are bundled by the firm's customers. We hypothesize that the effects of external innovation challenges depend not only on their magnitude, but also on their location in the ecosystem relative to the focal firm. We identify a key asymmetry that results from the location of challenges relative to a focal firm—greater upstream innovation challenges in components enhance the benefits that accrue to technology leaders, while greater downstream innovation challenges in complements erode these benefits. We further propose that the effectiveness of vertical integration as a strategy to manage ecosystem interdependence increases over the course of the technology life cycle. We explore these arguments in the context of the global semiconductor lithography equipment industry from its emergence in 1962 to 2005 across nine distinct technology generations. We find strong empirical support for our framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Switching mobile operators: Evidence about consumers’ behavior from a longitudinal survey

The rate at which consumers switch providers is a key indicator of the level of competition among mobile telephone operators. This paper uses a longitudinal survey of 4110 mobile users in Spain in 2015 and 2016 to analyze what drives consumers’ decisions to switch mobile operators. After controlling for a number of individual characteristics, including gender, age, education level and employment status, switching was found to be significantly less common among satisfied customers and those whose mobile service was bundled with fixed services. Moreover, the more complex the bundle was, the lower the rate of switching was. Considerable consumer inertia was also found: inattentive consumers and those who had not switched previously were much less likely to switch. The implications of these results for regulators and operators are discussed.     

Interfirm Bundled Discounts as a Collusive Device

This paper investigates whether and how firms competing in price with homogeneous goods (i.e., Bertrand competitors) can achieve supernormal profits using interfirm bundled discounts. By committing to offering price discounts conditional on the purchase of a specific brand of other differentiated good, the homogeneous good suppliers can separate consumers into distinct groups. Such brand‐specific discounts help the firms relax competition and attain a collusive outcome. Consumers become worse off due to higher effective prices. Our result shows that in oligopolies it is feasible to leverage other's market power without excluding rivals.     

Governance and social media in African countries: An empirical investigation

This study assesses linkages between social media and governance dynamics in 49 African countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on ordinary least squares and quantile regressions. Ten bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are used, notably: (i) political governance (entailing “voice & accountability” and political stability/no violence); (ii) economic governance (involving regulation quality and government effectiveness); (iii) institutional governance (comprising the rule of law and corruption-control) and (iv) general governance (entailing political, economic and institutional governance). Social media is measured with Facebook penetration. The findings show that Facebook penetration is positively associated with governance dynamics and these positive nexuses differ in terms of significance and magnitude of significance throughout the conditional distribution of the governance dynamics.     

The “Own-Brand Marketer” Debuts in the 1997 Census

The 1997 Census of Wholesale Trade has led the way by recognizing and reporting the activities of a huge, new type of business that has grown explosively over the past 20 years. The Own-brand marketer (O-BM) performs all the functions traditionally bundled with domestic manufacturing except that production is typically outsourced offshore. Previously, O-BM sales and margins had been intermingled with those of several functionally incompatible types of wholesalers, causing serious misinterpretations and distortions in many domestic and foreign trade-related measures of industry performance. The 1997 Census will substantially alleviate these problems.     

TD向前冲

奥运的"高压锅"近期大幅推动了TD的发展,但奥运结束后很多问题也会浮出水面。"奥运期间一定能够提供3G服务!"中国政府许下的承诺,终于在某种程度上兑现了。