基于DEA-Malmquist的高技术产业研发效率变动分析

本文选取2002²011年十年的行业面板数据,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法对我国高技术产业各行业的研发效率变动情况进行实证分析。结论显示:从年份来看,整个高技术产业全要素生产率(TFP)总体呈现增长趋势,年均增长率达到4.7%,TFP和TC(技术进步指数)变化曲线高度相似;技术进步是促进高技术产业全要素生产率增长的主要源泉;从行业来看,不同行业近10年的TFP、TC值均大于1,不同行业的综合技术效率(EC)和技术进步对全要素生产率增长的贡献不同。     

中国服务企业生产率异质性与资源再配置效应

本文采用世界银行提供的中国服务企业调查数据,运用半参数的LP方法测算了中国服务企业的全要素生产率（TFP）,并进一步将TFP分解考察了中国服务业TFP的增长源泉和市场资源的再配置效应。结果表明：管理、设计和通信等中间投入对服务企业产出的贡献率是最高的;中国服务企业TFP总体上呈现出上升态势;不同类型企业和行业的TFP水平及增长率存在较大差异。TFP分解后发现,中国服务业TFP的增长主要是靠外部市场需求和企业自身进步同时拉动的;但劳动力资源产生了误置,且国有化程度越高的技术密集型服务行业的资源再配置效应越差。与制造业企业的比较显示,中国服务企业的规模、TFP水平和增长率普遍偏低;总体上服务企业间的再配置效应优于制造业企业,但再配置效应在各服务行业上表现出更强的异质性。     

我国物流业全要素生产率的动态演化—基于DEA的Malmquist指数的实证分析

首先利用非参数的DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法对1995-2007年中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动进行测度,并对TFP指数进了分解.研究结果表明:(1)我国物流业生产率总体上处于增长趋势,并呈现先增长后下降再增长的特征;(2)技术进步是物流业生产率增长的关键因素,而技术效率是物流业生产率改善的瓶颈.     

中国制造业全要素生产率影响因素研究述评

全要素生产率(TFP)既是经济增长领域中的一个重要概念,也是当前经济学界研究的热点。文章系统地梳理了研究中国制造业企业TFP变动影响因素的国内外文献。从市场因素、结构因素、政府因素、R&D、FDI和国际贸易六个方面,基于地区层面、行业层面和企业层面三个层次对中国制造业企业TFP主要影响因素的影响方式和经济后果进行综述。在此基础上,提出了我国制造业TFP的未来研究展望,以便对TFP主题的进一步深入研究。     

企业数字化转型对全要素生产率的影响研究

企业数字转型已成为常态,全要素生产率作为衡量企业转型升级效果与发展质量的重要指标,企业数字化转型与全要素生产率的关系引起了学者广泛关注。本文在内生增长理论、动态能力理论、资源“三角形”理论的基础上,对国内外企业数字化转型影响TFP研究的相关研究进行梳理,重点关注企业数字化转型影响TFP的机理。     

我国区域全要素生产率的分解及其收敛性分析

本文基于Malquist生产率指数对1978-2005年省区全要素生产率（TFP）进行分解，并对1991-2005年间TFP的收敛性进行检验。分析表明改革开放后，我国TFP有显著增长，主要来自于技术进步因素；并且TFP的增长呈现出了明显的地区差异，主要是由于技术效率变动的地区差异造成的；本文认为，TFP的地区增长差异是造成20世纪90年代以来我国地区差距扩大的一个重要原因。     

我国物流业全要素生产率的动态演化——基于DEA的Malmquist指数的实证分析

首先利用非参数的DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法对1995-2007年中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动进行测度,并对TFP指数进了分解。研究结果表明:(1)我国物流业生产率总体上处于增长趋势,并呈现先增长后下降再增长的特征;(2)技术进步是物流业生产率增长的关键因素,而技术效率是物流业生产率改善的瓶颈。     

金融发展、技术前沿距离与追赶型增长

提高全要素生产率（TFP）是高质量发展的动力源泉。在银行主导型的金融体系下,银行业代表的金融发展在支持中国实体经济方面扮演着重要角色。基于企业技术前沿距离的视角,本文考察金融发展如何影响企业TFP增长。研究发现,中国制造业存在后发企业向技术前沿靠拢的“追赶型增长”。相对于接近技术前沿的企业,金融发展更有利于远离技术前沿企业的TFP增长,即金融发展助推了制造业后发企业的“追赶型增长”。进一步地,这种异质性效应主要体现在国有企业、制度环境好的地区和非劳动密集型行业内。变换TFP测度方法、技术前沿距离指标和金融发展指标及采用工具变量进行内生性检验后结果均稳健。     

我国技术效率、技术进步与生产率区域差异的实证研究

本文用非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了我国全要素生产率的增长状况及其区域差异,并将其分解为技术进步和技术效率,同时采用增长回归法对我国地区之间TFP、技术效率、科技进步的差异进行了检验。研究表明:1994-2007年间我国全要素生产率年均增长率达到1%,主要得益于技术进步水平的提高,技术效率总体上呈现下滑趋势;我国各省市区的科技进步、技术效率、TFP变化呈现出较为明显的差异,其中TFP和科技进步变化差异最为明显,而技术效率变化差异不大。     

长三角地区服务业全要素生产率的测算（2003年-2011年）--基于Malmquist指数法

院文章基于Malmquist 指数法,测算了长三角地区服务业全要素生产率（TFP）指数.研究结果表明（1）2003-2011年长三角地区服务业TFP 指数年均值为0.997,其中上海市服务业TFP 指数为1.023;（2）长三角地区服务业增长态势趋缓,服务业增长率与TFP 指数变动呈高度正相关;（3）技术进步是提高服务业全要素生产率的主要因素.长三角地区产业结构逐渐向服务经济转型,应依靠技术进步,鼓励创新,提高服务业生产率,促进服务业的长期健康发展.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。