以科学发展观指导渔船产业发展

渔船产业主要包括渔业船舶制造、渔船船用产品制造、渔业机械仪器制造和渔用绳网具制造四大产业,在渔业经济发展中具有重要作用.目前,在加强渔船产业的宏观管理,规范和发挥市场调节功能方面出现了一些深层次的矛盾和问题.本文从渔船产业的重要意义、我国渔船产业的重点领域、渔船产业规范发展和技术进步的措施、把渔船产业真正纳入渔业管理范畴等方面,阐述怎样以科学发展观指导我国渔船产业的发展.     

生态渔业的养殖技术模式综述与分析

正为解决好养殖业绿色发展面临的突出问题,农业农村部、生态环境部等十部门今年联合印发《关于加快推进水产养殖业绿色发展的若干意见》,强调要发挥水产养殖的生态属性,开展以渔净水、以渔控藻、以渔抑藻,修复水域生态环境。在这样的背景下,对生态渔业产业发展提出了新的要求和挑战。作为我国宏观体系的重要组成部分,渔业产业占据着重要地位。寻求有效的生态渔业发展养殖技术模式,优化结构,调整路径,是现代生态渔业发展的重要任务和方向。     

北方淡水池塘养殖业与无公害渔业的差距

无公害渔业已成为今后养殖业所追求的目标,也是世界渔业发展的方向.本文从饲料、种质、渔用药物使用等五个方面分析了我国北方地区淡水养殖业的现状以及与无公害渔业间的差距,并提出了相应的解决办法.     

关于海水养殖业可持续发展的调查与思考--以青岛开发区海水养殖业为例

实现海水养殖业可持续发展的目标,要求我们高度重视和认真解决当前发展过程中存在的科技应用水平较低、整体发展质量不高、产品转化能力薄弱、海域开发利用不平衡和海域环境质量下降等问题,科学编制养殖业发展规划,突出渔业科技创新,加快结构优化调整,积极发展创汇渔业,加强海域环境治理整顿,进一步完善渔业发展政策,以提高养殖业整体发展质量和水平,推动养殖业持续稳定健康发展.     

关于海水养殖业可持续发展的调查与思考——以青岛开发区海水养殖业为例

实现海水养殖业可持续发展的目标，要求我们高度重视和认真解决当前发展过程中存在的科技应用水平较低、整体发展质量不高、产品转化能力薄弱、海域开发利用不平衡和海域环境质量下降等问题，科学编制养殖业发展规划，突出渔业科技创新，加快结构优化调整，积极发展创汇渔业，加强海域环境治理整顿，进一步完善渔业发展政策，以提高养殖业整体发展质量和水平，推动养殖业持续稳定健康发展。     

渔船渔机工业

渔船渔机工业制造从渔业生产到销售各个环节上的各种机械装备的工业部门。主要产品有：各种渔船、渔业辅助船、捕捞机械、助渔导航仪器、水产养殖机械、水产品保鲜加工机械和渔获物起卸运输装置。渔船渔机工业是渔业经济的技术装各部门，它的发展速度、规模及其在渔业经济...     

2007’中国渔业经济与管理回顾

2007年，我国渔业在扎实推进现代渔业和新农村建设的进程中成绩显著。年末岁尾，回顾我国渔业经济与管理，落实支渔惠渔政策，养护水生生物资源、水产品质量、水产养殖业专项执法行动、渔业科技入户、构建平安渔业、渔业船舶海上抢险救助、渔政执法结构优化、中国渔政管理指挥系统建设，渔业互助保险，这十个方面取得了突出成绩。我国渔业经济与管理工作的成绩又何止这些呢？!展望2008，走中国特色的农业现代化道路，我国渔业经济与管理工作必将创造新的辉煌。     

我国渔业“十五”发展总体目标设想

<正> 农业部渔业局杨坚局长在全国农业工作会议渔业专业会议上,对我国渔业“十五”发展总体目标提出以下设想:进一步调整和优化渔业产业结构,推行渔业产业化进程,提高产业素质和经济效益,努力增加渔、农民收入:以科技为动力,以质量、效益     

我国渔业科技体系的组织结构及其问题

本文按三部门划分法对我国渔业科技体系的组织结构进行了阐述,在理清涉渔政府机构、涉渔企业和涉渔公益性社会组织的组成、职能及其在我国渔业科技体系建设中相互关系的基础上,指出这样的一个组织构成存在着涉渔政府机构设置不顺和职能定位不当、涉渔企业研发能力不足、涉渔公益性社会组织科技成果转化率低和转型期我国政治经济体制不顺等问题,并针对这些问题提出了理顺涉渔政府机构的机构和职能、增强涉渔企业的科技研发能力、提高科研院所和高等院校科技成果转化率和完善我国政治经济体制等建议。     

盐都水产养殖在结构调整中求发展

<正> 地处苏北里下河地区的盐都县,依靠得天独厚的水面资源优势,大力发展水产养殖业,确立了水产养殖业在农村经济中的支柱地位。但随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖面积和生产规模不断扩大,养殖产量急剧增加,出现了水产品季节性过剩和某些品种性过剩,不可避免地带来了价格下跌,使水产养殖业比较效益下降,渔农民的收入增幅明显减缓。针对渔业出现的新形势,该县紧紧围绕“渔业增收、渔民增效”的目标,狠抓渔业内部结构调整,积极推进产业化经营,优化组合生产要素,采取了抓品种结构、生产结构、     

海域纯收益评估方法研究

海域价格评估方法的探讨是当前海域研究的热点;以海域纯收益的确定方法作为研究对象,对海域纯收益作了界定,用两种方法测算海域纯收益,对于进一步探讨海域价格评估方法具有重要的意义。     

高淳县淳溪镇渔网产业规划探讨

规划对产业发展至关重要,渔网产业规划直接影响到产业发展的方向和前景。本文阐述了国内渔网产业的发展情况,通过分析淳溪镇渔网产业现状和存在的问题,借鉴国内其他地区的发展经验,提出了渔网产业规划的发展思路,从工艺、生产、营销和科研四方面进行分析,提出了规划建议,从政策、融资、服务、招商和宣传等方面对具体措施进行了探讨,力求为渔网产业发展提供理论支撑。     

网箱鱼类排泄物收集碳汇系统与生态效能研究

为加快推进新时期现代渔业建设,探索开发、利用、保护大、中型农用灌溉水库与发电水库等蓝色国土资源的良好途径,通威股份有限公司于2009年4月,立项研究水库投饵网箱鱼类排泄物收集系统,以寻求一套生态、健康、循环养殖模式。本试验就水库网箱养殖过程中,鱼粪污染问题的解决办法做了多方面的探讨,包括鱼粪和残饵的收集、生物净化、放养模式等,并集成当前生态、健康、高效养殖技术进行对比试验,以期达到获得最好的生态、经济、社会效益。新型生态投饵网箱,实现了水库网箱箱体结构系统的创新。通过物理净化技术的支撑,并在外箱放养清洁型鱼类和箱外浮岛种蔬菜等生物净化系统结合,显著降低了水库网箱养殖对水体的污染程度的同时,增加了种植附加值和渔业碳汇,为实现"藏粮于水"打下了基础,并构建水产品质量安全追溯体系,为确保水产食品安全和渔民持续增收做出新贡献。     

青岛斋堂岛海域张网渔业经济效益分析

本文分析研究了2014年4月和10月青岛斋堂岛海域张网渔业的经济效益。结果表明:(1)张网渔业渔获物中不同种类价格差异极大,且多为低经济价值渔获种类。(2)4月甲壳类(三疣梭子蟹等)和软体类(短蛸)的捕获量决定了张网作业的经济效益;舒氏海龙、玉筋鱼等小型、低值种类的经济价值不足以弥补其上岸成本,可以适当增加网囊网目尺寸来释放这些低值渔获;(3)10月平均网产比4月高142.2%,但渔获上岸价格低于4月,导致10月张网作业经济效益为负值,处于投入大于产出的亏本状态。研究结果为选择性渔具的开发和张网渔业的"减船转产"提供了参考依据。     

Impact of Ethiopia's productive safety net program on manure use by rural households: Evidence from Tigrai,Northern Ethiopia

Although development intervention programs can have far-reaching impacts beyond their stated objective, there have been few careful studies on associated but unintended outcomes of such programs. This study assesses the impact of membership in the public works component of Ethiopia's productive safety net program (PSNP) on whether households use manure and the amount of it they use. This is done using the double-hurdle method based on survey data of 2015 on 11 agro-climatically diverse districts of the Tigrai region in Northern Ethiopia. Results show that PSNP member households are not different from their nonmember counterparts in terms of manure use. This may indicate that PSNP is helping member households catch up with nonmember households in terms of manure use, even though they have smaller livestock ownership. This might indicate that PSNP member households are becoming more aware of the benefits of using manure, and hence are using available manure more efficiently. Therefore, this could be taken as one additional positive contribution of the PSNP in Ethiopia's endeavor to improve food security of poor rural farm households by increasing their productivity.     

Human negative,positive, and net influences on an estuarine area with intensive human activity based on land covers and ecological indices: An empirical study in Chongming Island,China

Human activities have widely spread over nearly every corner of the world and been remarkably influencing the natural ecosystem since the 20th century. Identifying and quantifying the negative and positive influences of human activities are important for providing a solid basis for reasonable exploitation and effective conservation. This study focused on the negative and positive influences of human activities on five “macro to micro” aspects of an estuarine ecosystem, including island geomorphology, landscape pattern, plant community, physical quality, and chemical environment. An evaluation model was established using spatiotemporal ecological information from remote sensing, and three new indices, namely, human damage index (HDI), human regulation index (HRI), and human net influence index (HNII), were established to quantify the negative, positive, and net influences of human activities, respectively. Chongming Island in the Yangtze River Estuary of China was used as the study area, and four scenes of remote sensing images in 1988, 1995, 2007, and 2017 served as the data source. Results indicated that HDI initially increased and then decreased, HRI showed generally increasing characteristics, and HNII initially decreased and then increased in the entire study area from 1988 to 2017. Although the net influence was negative, ecological conservation and management since the 21 st century have clearly increased the HNII. Wetland vegetation, mudflat, and woodland had positive HNII; farmland, water area, and pond had HNII close to zero; and building, traffic, and industrial lands possessed negative HNII. The model was proven to greatly contribute to judging the ecological efficiencies of different types of land uses and optimizing the spatial configuration of human activities in estuarine areas.     

Food price increases and net food importing countries: lessons from the recent past

Recent increases in food and other commodity prices have highlighted concerns that many poor countries are net food importers and higher food prices would worsen their trade balances. In this article, we analyze the changes in food trade balances associated with the 32% increase in food prices from 2000/2001 to 2004/2005. We find a small deterioration in food trade balances of low‐income countries and an improvement in middle‐income countries. The deterioration is most severe for countries in conflict and small island states, so attention should be placed first on these countries and on a few very‐low‐income countries that are also vulnerable. Because low‐income countries as a group had much lower agricultural GDP growth rates than middle‐income countries, the answers to food vulnerability in low‐income countries should probably be addressed within the context of incentives for agricultural production.     

完善渔业电信管理建设海上通讯网络

本文分析了浙江瑞安市建立渔业电讯管理制度,加强海上渔业电讯管理的基本思路和实践,同时阐述了该市加快海上通讯网络建设取得的初步成效。     

三沙海域发展深水网箱养殖探析

国务院设立地级三沙市管辖西、南、中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域,涉及岛屿面积13km2,海域面积约200万km2.在三沙海域除海洋捕捞作业之外,在礁盘具有泻湖海域开展深水网箱养殖,将是开发三沙渔业资源最有效的补充方式之一.本文介绍了海南省深水网箱养殖概况、三沙海域网箱养殖情况、三沙海域发展深水网箱潜力等,分析了在三沙海域开展深水网箱养殖的风险,并提出对策建议.     

帆式张网渔业经济效益与渔业生产

本文研究了帆式张网渔船的捕捞经济效益。研究结果表明：不同航次的生产成本有较大差异；帆式张网捕捞成本三阶段的阶梯式递增，渔船总产值成三阶段的递增，使利润呈现显著的阶段性递减。