Book Notes

Balassa. B. Comparative Advantage Trade Policy and Economic Development
Black, F. Business Cycles and Equilibrium
Burgenmeier, B. and Mucchielli, J.L. (eds). Multi-nationals and Europe 1992: Strategies for theFuture
Carlin, W. and Soskice. D. Macroeconomics and the Wage Bargain: A Modern Approach to Employment Inflation and the Exchange Rate
Demsetz, H. The Organisation of Economic Activity, Volume I: Ownership Control and the Firm
Dorn, J. and Niskanen, W.A. (eds). Dollars Deficits & Trade
Fitoussi, J. and Phelps, E.S. The Slump in Europe
Goodwin, R.M. Chaoric Economic Dynamics
Jüttner, D. Johannes. International finance and global financial markets
McAfee, R.P. and McMillan, J. Incentives in Government Contracting
McKenzie, L.W. and Zamagni, S. (eds). Value and Capital Fifty Years Later. International Economic Association conference volume no. 94
Schotter, A. Free Market Economics. Second Edition
Soesastro, H. and Pangestu, M. (ed.) Technological Challenge in the Asia-Pacific Economy
Van Brabant, J. Remaking Eastern Europe-On the political economy of transtion. International Studies in Economics and Econometrics     

科技安全风险评估及监测预警系统构建研究

科技领域安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，而复杂的国际局势、严苛的技术限制以及当代科技面临的颠覆性发展趋势已引发一系列关涉科技安全的重大问题，给我国国家安全和公共安全带来严峻挑战。从风险评估与安全预警视角出发，依循“变量识别—数据评估—安全预警—预案调用”的预警思路，运用专家访谈、扎根理论和层次分析法，构建科技安全风险评估框架，并提出科技安全监测预警系统构建逻辑。其中，科技安全风险评估框架主要包括要素性、自反性、自主性、保障性风险4类关键指标；监测预警系统建立在风险评估框架基础上，主要包含警情评估、警情报告、管理决策、应急预案4个子系统。基于研究结果，针对我国科技安全监测预警系统构建提出相关建议，以期为我国科技治理及保障科技安全提供新思路。     

Topologies of social interactions

Summary. The paper extends the Brock-Durlauf social interactions model to richer social structures modelled with arbitrary interaction topologies and examines in detail the star, the wheel and the path. It explores Nash equilibria when agents act on the basis of expectations over, and, alternatively, actual knowledge their neighbors’ decisions. It links social interactions with econometrics of systems of simultaneous equations. The local dynamics near steady states combine spectral properties of the adjacency matrix and of the nonlinearities of reaction functions. For regular interaction topologies, adjustment exhibit relative persistence. Cyclical interaction is associated with endogenous spatial oscillations and islands of conformity.Received: 12 August 2004, Revised: 20 May 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: C35, C45, C00, D80.I am grateful to a referee and the editor for very insightful comments and suggestions, and to the National Science Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for generous research support. I thank Frank Alexander, Costas Azariadis, Kenneth J. Arrow, Jean-Pierre Aubin, Rob Axtell, Marcelo Bianconi, Larry Blume, Buz Brock, Marcelo Coca-Perraillon, Steven Durlauf, Glenn D. Ellison, Roland Fryer, Hans Haller, Anna Hardman, Alan Kirman, Alexandros Kyrtsis, Chuck Manski, Costas Meghir, Sharun Mukand, Lynne Pepall, Apostolis Philippopoulos, Danny T. Quah, Bertrand Roehner, Jose A. Scheinkman, Adriaan Soetevent, Dimitri Vayanos, Peyton Young, Gerard Weisbuch, Jeff Zabel and other participants in presentations of earlier versions at the joint Brookings and MacArthur Research Network on Social Interactions and Economic Inequality, the Athens University of Economics and Business, the University of Texas-Austin, ASSET 2001 in Rethymno, the Connectionist Complexity Workshop, Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, 2003, and the North American meeting of the Econometric Society, San Diego, CA., 2004.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Tigers in Trouble: Financial Governance, Liberalisation and Crises in East Asia, edited by K.S. Jomo
Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis: Origins, Lessons and the Way Out, edited by H.W. Amdt and Hall Hill
The Keynesian Revolution and its Economic Consequences. Selected Essays, by Peter Clarice
John Maynard Keynes. Keynesianism into the Twenty-First Century, edited by Soumitra Sharma
Making Rural Australia: An Economic History of Technical and Institutional Creativity, 1788–1860, by Geoff Raby
Central Banking in Theory and Practice, by Alan S. Blinder
The Macroeconomics of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, by Roger RA. Farmer, second edition
Unions in a Contrary World: The Future of the Australian Trade Union Movement, by David Peetz
Art and the Market. Roger Fry on Commerce in Art. Selected Writings, edited and with an Interpretation, by Craufurd D. Goodwin
Unit Roots, Cointegration, and Structural Change, by G.S. Maddala and I.M. Kim     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Corporate Capital Investment: A Behavioural Approach , by P. Bromiley (Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 1986)
Industrial Investment in Europe: Economic Theory and Measurement , edited by D. Weiserbs (Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1985)
Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy-Making . edited by V. E. Argy and J. W. Nevile (Allen & Unwin. London, 1985)
Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics , Vols I and II. edited by A. V. Kneese and J. L. Sweeney (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1985)
Policies for Environmental Quality Control , edited by A. J. Jakeman, D. G. Day and A. K. Dragun (Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies. ANU, Canberra, 1985)     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: The Social Science Imperialists, edited by P. Kerr Controversies in Political Economy: Selected Essays of G. C. Harcourt, edited by O. F Handbook of International Economics, Volume II, edited by Ronald W. Jones and Peter B Handbook of Public Economics, edited by A. J. Auerbach and M. Feldstein The Aboriginal Economy in Town and Country, by E. K. Fisk Instrumental Variables, by Roger J. Bowden and Darrell A. Turkington Ethics and Economics, edited by Ellen Paul, Fred Miller and Jeffrey Paul Foundations of Economics: Structure of Inquiry and Economic Theory, edited by Mauro Baranzini and Roberto Scazzieri Social Goals and Social Organization: Essays in Memory ofElisha Pazner, edited by L. Hurwicz, D. Schmeidler and H. Sonnenschein Innocence and Design: The Influence of Economic Ideas on Policy- The 1985 Reith Lectures, by David Henderson The Flying Kangaroo–an Endangered Species?, by Christopher C. Findlay Trade and Structural Change, by Leslie Stein Federalism and Resource Development: The Australian Case, edited by P. Drysdale and H. Shibata Australia's Financial Institutions and Markets, edited by M. K. Lewis and R. H. Wallace Export Oriented Industrialisation: The ASEAN Experience by Mohamed Ariff and Hal Hill     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Government Management: Brief to the Incoming Government 1987, Volume II, Education Issues , New Zealand Treasury
Adaptation and Survival in Australian Agriculture , by PJ. Higgs
Land Degradation: Problems and Policies , edited by A. Chisholm and R. Dumsday
Selected Essays On Economic Planning , by M Kalecki, edited, translated and introduced by Jan Toporowski
Classical Economics , by Samuel Hollander
Production Distribution and Value: A Marxian Approach , by R. Dixon
Interest and Profit in the Theories of Value and Distribution , by Carlo Panico
No Paradise for Workers: Capitalism and the Common People in Australia 1788–1914 , by K. Buckley and T. Wheelwright
Economic Growth for Australia; Agenda for Action by PJ. Drake and J.P. Nicuwenhuysen
Domestic and International Banking , by M.K. Lewis and K.T. Davis
The Political Economy of International Monetary Interdependence , by K. Hamada
Rent Control , by R. Albon and D.C. Stafford
The Theory of Public Utility Pricing , by S.J. Brown and D.S. Sibley
Public Choice, Public Finance and the Public Policy , by D. Greenaway and G.K. Shaw
Refereed and Nonrefereed Economic Journals: A Guide to Publishing Opportunities , compiled by A. Carolyn Miller, and Victoria J. Punsalan with Kenneth G. Rohm     

利益、观念与结构：中国共产党科技创新话语的百年演进之路

从利益、观念、结构3个维度出发,考察中国共产党科技创新话语百年变迁的结构性力量。其中,“利益”是理性基础,在不同历史发展阶段,民族和国家利益有不同表现,从而产生了不同的科技创新话语策略选择;“观念”是价值导向,其不断赋予科技创新以社会主义政治价值,并对科技创新予以价值规范和价值导向;“结构”是条件约制,在外部环境结构和内部社会结构的双重影响下,中国共产党科技创新经历了从自力更生、消化吸收到自主创新的转变,从政府主导、市场主导到联合运行的转变,从大众范式、专业范式到系统范式的转变。中国共产党科技创新话语演进本身是一个辨证过程,呈现出联系性与整体性、结构性与能动性、连续性和阶段性特征。面向未来,仍需进一步加强话语自觉规划和实践,努力建设与国家和人民利益、社会主义意识形态及社会内外部结构相匹配、相适应的科技创新话语系统。     

民办高校制定“十二五”发展规划的思考

“十二五”时期是我国全面建设小康社会的关键时期,国民经济增长方式的转变、经济社会发展战略的调整对民办高校教育改革和发展提出了新要求,民办高校发展的目标、重点、方式亦将发生深刻变化。本文首先从办学规模、办学模式、办学质量、办学特色、对外交流等五方面分析了民办高校的历程与成就,然后从国民经济增长方式和经济社会发展战略的调整对民办教育产生深远影响、国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要为民办高校发展指明了方向、民办高校发展仍然面临诸多自身内部问题等分析了民办高校发展所面临的形势;最后,从体制依托、服务转型、内涵发展、风险防范等四个方面提出了民办高校“十二五”时期发展对策与建议。为民办高校制定和实施“十二五”发展规划提供参考。     

略论儒道释核心价值观及其生态伦理思想

忠恕是儒家的核心价值观,也是做人做事的根本法则。清净是道家的核心思想,也是产生大德大智,谋求人与自然和谐的核心理念。慈悲是佛教大乘之根本,也是超越自我,提升境界,追求众生平等,给乐拔苦的不二法门。儒道释诸教的核心思想可以相互印证,并生成大智大慧。在生态危机严峻的今天,要谋求人与自然的和谐,追求幸福祥和的生活,需要挖掘儒道释的智慧,构建生态伦理,才能促进自然界的和谐与持续,建设人类与众生真诚、平等、幸福、祥和、持续的地球家园。     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Market Resources and the Environment edited by, A. Moran, A. Chisholm, and M. Porter
Environment and Economy: Property Rights and Public Policy, by Daniel W. Bromley
Imperfect Competition and International Commodity Trade: Theory, Dynamics, and Policy Modelling, by Montague J. Lord
Barriers to Entry and Strategic Competition, by Paul Geroski, Richard J. Gilbert and Alexis Jacquemin
Labour Markets under Trade Unionism: Employment, Wages and Hours, by John Pencavel
The Soviets and the Pacific Challenge, edited by Peter Drysdale in association with Martin O'Hare (Allen & Unwin in association with the Australia-Japan Research Centre, Australian National University
Management for Australian Business: A Critical Text, by Liz Fulop with Faye Frith and Harold Hay ward
Techniques of Economic Analysis with Applications, by A. Parikh and D. Bailey
Contributions to Econometric Theory and Applications, Essays in Honour of A.L. Nagar, edited by R.A.L. Carter, J. Dutta and A. Ullah
A History of Economic Theory: Classic Contributions 1720–1980, by Jürg Niehans     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Selling Hope. State Lotteries in America , by Charles T. Clotfelter and Philip J. Cook
Handbook of Public Economics , Volume 2, edited by A. J. Auerbach and M. Feldstein
Fundamentals of Public Economics , by J. J. Laffont
Ethical Social Index Numbers , by Satya R. Chakravarty
Keynes and India: A Study in Economics and Biography , by Anand Chandavarkar
An Essay on the Principle of Population , by T. R. Malthus
Principles of Political Economy , by T. R. Malthus
Champions of Enterprise, Australian Entrepreneurship 1788–1990 , by Max Hartwell and Jacqui Lane
Industrial Organization , by O.E. Williamson
The Keynesian Revolution in the Making 1924–1936 , by Peter Clarke
Black hole tariffs and endogenous policy theory: Political economy in general equilibrium , by S.P. Magee, W.A. Brock and L. Young
Hunger and Public Action , by Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
Government and Economies in the Postwar World, Economic Policies and Comparative Performance, 1945–85 , edited by Andrew Graham
A History of Australian Economic Thought , by Peter Groenewegen and Bruce McFarlane
The Economic Problem in Biblical and Patristic Thought , by Barry Gordon     

DEMOCRACY IN REFORMING COLLAPSED COMMUNIST ECONOMIES: BLESSING OR CURSE?

From a political standpoint, post-communists systems include both democratic and non-democratic nations. From an economic standpoint, they include both collapsing and expanding economies. All four logical possibilities exist for post-communist political and economic systems. The Czech Republic is an example of a democratic political system and an expanding economic system. Russia is an example of a democratic political system and a collapsing economic system. China is an example of a non-democratic political system and an expanding economic system. North Korea is an example of a non-democratic political system and a collapsing economic system. The fact that all four logical possibilities exist suggests that democracy is neither necessary nor sufficient for good economic performance. However, democracy is certainly a value in itself that requires certain basic institutions, including free and fair elections, the orderly transfer of power to those elected, the rule of law and the separation of powers, and the protection of individual freedoms and basic liberties, including those of speech, press, religion, assembly, property, and economic opportunity. Economic policies, rather than the form of government, determine the results for an economy. Russia and China, the two largest socialist economies, followed very different economic policies and experienced radically different outcomes. The failure of “shock therapy” economic policies for transition to a market economy in Russia is related to its use of the Washington Consensus SLP package of stabilization, liberalization, and privatization, as recommended by the World Bank and the IMF. The success of Deng's economic policies for transition to a market economy in China is related to its rejection of the SLP in favor of the ICG approach of institutions, competition, and government. Other interesting cases are those of the Czech Republic and North Korea. Those nations in which both political and economic reforms have been simultaneously successful, such as the Czech Republic, are generally small, homogeneous European nations with a historic work ethic, with a relatively short period of socialism, and with support from neighboring advanced industrialized nations. There is great difficulty in simultaneously establishing both democracy and a market economy without a very special set of circumstances. Thus, it is necessary to determine a sequence for political and economic reform. Ultimately, however, the ideal of both democracy and a market economy may be attained even in nations without special circumstances and external assistance, with Russia eventually turning its economy around and with China eventually reforming politically into a democratic nation.     

把北京建成“人水共存共荣”的城市--关于人与水资源关系的探讨

协调首都人口与水资源关系是“绿色奥运”紧迫而重要的命题。针对当前北京市水资源严重短缺,人口规模超过水资源承载力的现实,除综合点评“开源节流”多项对策外,提出了“人水共存共荣”的新思路。重整水环境,古为今用,延伸古水系价值与风貌,用以构建现代化生态型绿色都城。量水而行,严控人口规模,适度吸纳流动人口。树立科学观,力争人与水和谐才能可持续发展。坚持首都政治和文化中心地位,舍弃首都经济“中心论”。利用经济杠杆,市场机制,以供定需,调整现有产业结构,实施水资源优化配置。依《水法》用水治水、管水,以使北京成为人水共存共荣的大都市。     

Complex Systems Characteristics and Theoretical Development for Analysis Inside Institutions

Institutions are patterns of social activity that design roles for persons as social actors, service and are serviced by other institutions, and operate as systems. The main activity inside institutions that is utilized to complete the service responsibilities — which includes production — is the formulation and enforcement of rules, regulations, and requirements. The concepts of closed systems, endogeneity, and self-organized systems have been offered as being relevant for the analysis of institutional systems. As explained here, those concepts are inconsistent with the processing of real-world institutions. When conducting analysis inside institutions, it is necessary to recognize, observe, and model the rules, regulations, and requirements which are formulated to be consistent with the normative belief, technological, and ecological criteria of institutions. Generally, social scientists have emphasized belief criteria, and ignored technological and ecological criteria.     

论经济全球化进程中的我国粮食安全问题

粮食安全关系问题关系着一个国家的稳定与安全,粮食安全是人们一直关注的焦点问题。从全球来讲,世界可耕作土地越来越少,粮食安全是一个很严峻的问题。粮食安全是一个世界性问题,对我国来说,更是一个重大的问题。大力增产粮食,确保粮食安全,是实现世界和平与发展的一项不可忽视的长期而紧迫的任务。中国历朝历代政府都把粮食安全问题放在首位,视仓廪盈实为盛世景象。粮食是安天下的战略产业。改革开放以来,通过体制创新、结构创新和科技创新,粮食生产取得了举世瞩目的成就。论文分析了粮食安全的含义及问题,探讨了粮食安全衡量指标、内容及其含义,针对我国粮食安全的实际情况,提出了相应对策。     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Growth Receiving: Economic Change in World History , by E. L. Jones (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988)
Review of the State Tax System: Tax worm and NSW Economic Development , New South Wales Tax Task Force (NSW Government Printer, Sydney, August 1988)
Incentive Cooperation and Risk Sharing: Economic and Psychological Perspectives on Employment Contacts . by H.F., Nalbantian (Rowman and Littlefield, New Jersey, 1987)
Alternative Systems of Buaivss Organization and Worked Remuneration . by J.E. Meade (Allen & Unwin, London. 1986)
The Costs of Academic Libraries An Econometric Interpretation . by John R. Brockman (Curtain University of Technology, Perth, 1988)
socialism, Economics and Development . by A. Nove (Allen & Unwin, London. 1986).
Stock Market Anomalies , edited by E. Dimson (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988)
The Flow of Funds in Theory and Practice: A Flow-Constrained Approach to Monetary Theory and Policy , by J. Cohen, Financial and Monetary Policy Studies 15 (Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, 1987)
Technological Change Development and the Environment Socio-Economic Perspectives , edited by Clem Tisdell and Riyatosh Maitra (Routledge, London, 1988)
Dynamic Economic Analysis , by Milton Harris (Oxford University Press, New York. 1987)
Elements of Econometrics , by J. Kmenta (MacMillan. New York. 1986)
The Theory of International Trade , by J.R. Markusen and J.R. Melvin (Harper & Row, New York 1988)
An Assessment of Agricultural Research Priorities: An International Paspective , by J.S. Davis, P.A. Oram and J.G. Ryan (Australian Centre for International Research, Canberra. 1987)
A History of Economics The Past as the Present , by John Kenneth Galbraith (Hamish Hamilton, London 1987)     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Wealth and Welfare: Collected Essays on Economic Theory , Volume 1, by John Hicks (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1981)
ASEAN in a Changing Pacific and World Economy , edited by Ross Garnaut (Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1980)
Energy Economics: Growth Resources and Policies , by R. Eden, M. Posner, R. Bending and J. Stanislaw (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981)
Mobility and Community Change in Australia , edited by I. G. Burnley, R. J. Pryor and D. T. Rowland
Free to Choose , by Milton and Rose Friedman (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1980)     

责任式创新研究的时空向度透视与知识框架建构

在科技社会深度融合发展的背景下，聚焦责任式创新，以2009―2020年WOS和CNKI数据库中879篇文献为样本，综合运用文献计量分析、因子分析和多维尺度分析，从时间和空间视角探索责任式创新研究的外部特征、热点内容、前沿趋势，并构建该领域知识框架。研究结果表明：①近12年国内外研究发文量总体呈上升趋势，但国内研究热度较低且尚处于初始阶段，国外科研合作网络紧密，积极推动该领域研究发展，同时该领域研究呈现跨学科特征，并逐渐形成学科交叉下的知识流动路径；②研究热点可分为4个方面，即内涵及理论框架构建研究，责任式创新与利益相关者参与研究，责任式创新跨界结合研究，责任式创新方法、实践及评估研究，研究前沿趋势可分为3个方面，即责任式创新与伦理规范研究、责任式创新与新兴技术治理研究、责任式创新的社会嵌入与政治议程研究；③基于因子分析和多维尺度分析，构建责任式创新的“情境―理论内涵―干预―机制―结果”CTIMO知识框架。最后，从责任式创新的制度情境、实践及扩散、利益相关者管理、组织层面评估等方面提出未来研究展望。     

新发展阶段科技非对称赶超战略解构——科技跨越论视角

进入新发展阶段，中国科技发展呈现出“跟跑、并跑、领跑并存”的新特征，对科技非对称赶超提出了新要求。基于科技跨越式发展理论，对科技非对称赶超内涵进行阐释，论证其所包含的新逻辑和新机理。通过深入分析英美等发达国家的科技赶超历程，总结出其高度重视发展教育、长期推进基础研究、面向科技前沿等有益经验，客观论述其运作机制紊乱、未能持续推进、缺乏深入研究等深刻教训，并在此基础上反观中国新发展阶段的科技非对称赶超实际，提出把握战略机遇、有效集聚资源、优化人才培养、不断积累优势等政策建议。