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1.
Given the low levels of migration in the CEEC found in the literature, this paper raises the issue of who is willing to migrate
in these countries. Using data on the willingness to migrate in the Czech Republic we show that variables measuring regional
labour market conditions and amenities contribute little to explaining willingness to migrate, but that personal and household
characteristics are more important. The least willing to migrate are the family-house owners, the less educated and the elderly
as well as persons residing in regions with above-average unemployment rates. Improving the efficiency of the housing market
and focusing on the problems of peripheral regions should thus be primary foci of a policy aimed at improving labour-market
adjustment through migration. These policies are, however, unlikely to yield rapid results, since the willingness to migrate
of all subgroups analysed (except for the less educated) reacts only weakly to regional labour market incentives and amenities.
相似文献
Peter HuberEmail: |
2.
Based on a sample of 1,084 European regions (EU15) from 1995 to 2004, we estimate the relationship between the average growth
rate of GDP per capita and the volatility of the growth rate allowing for spatial effects. The spatial lag and spatial error
models show that the regional per capita growth rate and volatility are significantly positively related on average. However,
the inclusion of country interaction terms reveals that the volatility impact is not uniform across countries. In particular,
the relationship between growth and volatility is significantly positive for the majority of countries but significantly negative
for three countries (namely Finland, Italy, and Ireland).
相似文献
Martin FalkEmail: |
3.
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(2):187-210
In this paper, we empirically study the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and economic growth. Based on a micro
based comparison of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, we develop a measure reflecting entrepreneurial attitude at the regional
level. We subsequently relate this newly developed variable, ‘entrepreneurial culture,’ to innovativeness and economic growth
in 54 European regions. Extensive robustness analysis suggests that differences in economic growth in Europe can be explained
by differences in entrepreneurial culture, albeit mostly in an indirect way.
相似文献
Sjoerd BeugelsdijkEmail: |
4.
In the African continent, several regional initiatives have been launched or executed. These gave rise to several groupings
including COMESA consisting of 19 countries, ECOWAS (15 countries), ECCAS (10 countries), and SADC with 15 countries. These
groupings are not exclusive in that several countries belong to more than one regional group. The road to full integration
clearly begins with a regional arrangement. The many groupings in Africa had the long term goal of creating an all inclusive
African Economic Union. The objective is to promote the African continent’s economic growth, political stability, and good
governance. The paper examines the effectiveness of some of these regional grouping in the context of an all-inclusive African
club with the aid of the club model. Using data for the period 1986–2005, costs and benefits of membership are evaluated using
the gravity Model. The Helpman’s size dispersion index is used to identify a potential anchor for a regional grouping.
相似文献
Oswaldo PatinoEmail: |
5.
We investigate regional differences in the level and the development of regional new business formation activity. There is
a pronounced variance of start-up rates across the regions. The level of regional new business formation is rather path-dependent
so that changes are relatively small. The main factors determining the level of regional start-ups are innovation and an entrepreneurial
climate. These factors also seem to be responsible for changes in the level of regional new business formation. In addition,
unemployment plays a role. Steering innovation and creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere could be an appropriate starting
point for policy measures that try to promote start-ups. Our empirical evidence strongly suggests that such measures may have
significant effect only in the long run.
相似文献
Pamela MuellerEmail: |
6.
Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska 《Constitutional Political Economy》2009,20(1):1-41
Experiences of countries undergoing post-socialist transition in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Central and Southwestern
Asia, during the last 17 years, reveal great variety in economic reform paths and their successful implementation. At different
moments of transition varying constitutional rules have also emerged in these countries. In our empirical study we find a
significant relationship between constitutional rules and the economic reform process in post-socialist countries of Europe
and Asia after 1989. In principle, the results confirm the arguments of the so-called negative constitutionalists, according
to which the main function of the constitution for economic reforms in transition is its functioning as a commitment mechanism.
The conclusions constitute an important step towards verification of different and often conflicting theories proposed by
constitutional economists and allow to formulate practical recommendations for constitutional legislators and other actors
capable of influencing constitutional change in countries encompassed by the study.
相似文献
Katarzyna Metelska-SzaniawskaEmail: |
7.
This article studies the question whether labour market institutions can explain the large differences in unemployment rates
in the new member states. It investigates several labour market institutions and concludes that they are on average no more
rigid in the new member states than in the old ones. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity both in terms of institutions
and unemployment rates. The impact of labour market institutions on performance is empirically examined for a panel of European
countries. These results are used to assess to what extent labour market institutions are responsible for the diverse unemployment
experiences in the new member states. Labour market institutions can explain only a small part of these differences. Other
causes of unemployment seem to be more important.
相似文献
Laura ThissenEmail: |
8.
In most OECD countries, the wage gap between men and women has narrowed during the past two decades. Developments of the last
20 years, e.g., increased labour market attachment of women or the introduction of equal pay laws, may have reduced the gender
wage gap. We investigate the extent, persistence, and socio-economic determinants of the gender wage gap in Austria, for the
years 1983 and 1997. Using wage decomposition techniques, we find that the average gender wage gap was almost as high in 1997
as it was in 1983. Not accounting for differences, the gender wage gap dropped from 25.5 to 23.3% of men’s wages. Taking observable
differences between men and women into account, we estimate that the mean gender wage gap that cannot be explained, i.e.,
discrimination against women, dropped from 17 to 14% of men’s wages. A decomposition of the gender wage gap over time indicates
that both returns to human capital and less discrimination were responsible for the narrowing of the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Christine ZulehnerEmail: |
9.
This paper puts together the non-distortionary liquidity effect of unemployment insurance and job match quality. We identify
a big impact on subsidized unemployment duration and a small impact on wages on the job that follows the unemployment spell.
Wage gains are heterogeneous and concentrated on individuals at the bottom of the pre-unemployment income distribution. The
non-distortionary nature of the liquidity effect reduces the pressure on low-income workers to accept lower productivity jobs.
相似文献
álvaro A. Novo (Corresponding author)Email: |
10.
A complex systems methodology to transition management 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Floortje Alkemade Koen Frenken Marko P. Hekkert Malte Schwoon 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2009,19(4):527-543
There is a general sense of urgency that major technological transitions are required for sustainable development. Such transitions
are best perceived as involving multiple transition steps along a transition path. Due to the path dependent and irreversible
nature of innovation in complex technologies, an initial transition step along some preferred path may cut off paths that
later may turn out to be more desirable. For these reasons, initial transition steps should allow for future flexibility,
where we define flexibility as robustness regarding changing evidence and changing preferences. We propose a technology assessment
methodology based on rugged fitness landscapes, which identifies the flexibility of initial transition steps in complex technologies.
We illustrate our methodology by an empirical application to 2,646 possible future car systems.
相似文献
Koen FrenkenEmail: |
11.
Ralf Brüggemann 《Empirical Economics》2006,31(2):409-431
In this paper we analyze the sources of German unemployment within a structural vector error correction model (SVECM) framework. For this purpose we estimate a VECM model using data for unified Germany. The cointegration analysis reveals a long-run relationship between real wages, productivity and unemployment which is interpreted as a wage setting relation. Based on a reduced form subset VECM we identify structural shocks and assess their importance for unemployment by impulse response analysis, forecast error variance and historical decompositions. In contrast to previous studies for West Germany, we find that productivity, labor supply and labor demand shocks are important sources of unemployment in the long-run.
相似文献
Ralf BrüggemannEmail: |
12.
Henri Bezuidenhout 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(3):310-321
During the last decade international aid flows diminished while Africa’s relative share of global foreign direct investment
(FDI) declined. This went together with lacklustre growth and low human development levels. In 2005, the G8 countries announced
that they would increase aid to Africa by some $25 billion per annum. The pledge for increasing aid seems to have triggered
an extensive debate about the role of aid and other international capital flows in the development of poorer countries. This
study contributes to this debate. Specifically it addresses the role of foreign direct investment and aid to growth and human
development. Panel estimations are used to determine the relationships between aid, FDI and growth in the Southern Africa
region from 1990 to 2005. Negative relationships are found between FDI and growth while aid and growth turned out to be unrelated.
相似文献
Henri BezuidenhoutEmail: |
13.
In this paper we look at the relationship between crime and economic incentives in a different way to other work in the economics of crime field. We look at empirical models where a toughening of the unemployment benefit regime can be used to study how people on the margins of crime may react to changes in economic incentives. We present three sets of complementary evidence, all of which show that toughening the benefit regime can have an unintended consequence, namely increases in crime. The first approach presents quasi-experimental evidence, looking at crime rates in areas of England and Wales before and after the introduction of a new, tougher unemployment benefit programme—the Jobseekers Allowance (JSA)—in October 1996. The second approach considers qualitative evidence on individuals affected by the change in the benefit regime. The third relates changes in area crime rates to post-JSA sanctions. Each of these approaches uncovers evidence of higher crime occurring as a consequence of the benefit reform.
相似文献
Stephen MachinEmail: |
14.
Using a two-regime model of the inflation-unemployment process for US data 1960:2 to 2000:2, this paper finds strong evidence
to support the Eisner puzzle, which occurs when the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) is flatter at low rates of unemployment
than at higher rates. The puzzling aspect of this pattern is the expectation of excess demand to become apparent at very low
rates of unemployment causing the SRPC to be steep rather than fairly flat. We show the puzzle can be resolved by estimating
a three-regime model which reveals a steep SRPC at very low rates of unemployment. The estimates of the three regime model
also reveal a horizontal SRPC at intermediate rates of unemployment, implying the existence of a range of equilibrium rates
of unemployment at those intermediate rates.
相似文献
Ian M. McDonaldEmail: |
15.
This paper studies the disequilibrium transition process engaged by increased openness to trade, and the effect of institutions,
market behaviors and economic policies on that transition. The issue is analyzed with a simple two country (north and south),
two goods model, amended in order to take into account the time dimension of both the production and the decision processes.
Investigating the consequences of a tariff decrease by means of numerical simulations, we show to what extent wage and price
setting, and the degree of tightness of monetary policy affect the outcome of the disequilibrium process. The main result
is that capturing the gains associated with international trade requires market behaviors and economic policies, which are
rather different from what is usually prescribed.
相似文献
Francesco SaracenoEmail: |
16.
Ricardian fiscal regimes in the European Union 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
António Afonso 《Empirica》2008,35(3):313-334
The prevalence of different fiscal regimes is important both for practical policy reasons and to assess fiscal sustainability,
notably for European Union countries. The purpose of this article is to assess, with a panel data set, the empirical evidence
concerning the existence of Ricardian fiscal regimes in EU-15 countries. The results give support to the Ricardian fiscal
regime hypothesis throughout the sample period, and for sub-samples accounting for the dates of the Maastricht Treaty and
for the setting-up of the Stability and Growth Pact. Furthermore, electoral budget cycles also seem to play a relevant role
in fiscal behaviour.
相似文献
António AfonsoEmail: Email: |
17.
The purpose of this article is to assess the implications of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) accession of eight Central
and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) on their share of EMU-12 imports. Overcoming biases related to endogeneity, omitted
variables and sample selection, our results indicate that the common currency has boosted intra-EMU imports by 7%. Under the
assumption that the same relationship between the explanatory variables and imports will hold for EMU-CEEC trade, we intend
to predict the future impact of the Euro. Our findings suggest that except for the least integrated countries, Poland, Latvia
and Lithuania, all CEECs can expect increases in the EMU-12 import share.
相似文献
Julia Spies (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
This paper sets up an efficiency wage model which combines goal-attainment theory and the expectancy-valence approach. Taking
account of the psychological work motivation, we find that the aspiration for goal attainment may be a substitute for unemployment
as an instigator of work motivation in full employment. In addition, since raising the firm’s goal has a diverse impact on
the high and low need-for-achievement workers, a higher goal-setting does not appear capable of increasing worker effort within
firms. This finding reconciles the conflicting experimental results in industrial psychology literature.
相似文献
Chia-Ying LiuEmail: |
19.
In this paper we compare ways of computing stationarity tests. We show that whereas some of the procedures recommended lead to inconsistency of the tests, it is still possible to compute a test with good properties in finite sample in terms of empirical size and power. The guidance suggested in the paper is illustrated by testing for the purchasing power parity hypothesis in some developed countries.
相似文献
Josep Lluís Carrion-i-SilvestreEmail: Phone: +34-93-4021826Fax: +34-93-4021821 |
20.
The relationship between insurance and economic growth in Europe: a theoretical and empirical analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of insurance companies, although growing in importance in financial intermediation, has received less attention than
bank and stock markets and if so, mainly as a provider of risk transfer in single country or very heterogeneous samples. We
investigate both the impact of insurance investment and premiums on GDP growth in Europe. We conduct a cross-country panel
data analysis from 1992 to 2005 for 29 European countries. We find a positive impact of life insurance on GDP growth in the
EU-15 countries, Switzerland, Norway and Iceland. For the New EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe, we find a
larger impact for liability insurance. Furthermore our findings emphasise the impact of the real interest rate and the level
of economic development on the insurance-growth nexus. We argue that the insurance sector needs to be paid more attention
in financial sector analysis and macroeconomic policy.
相似文献
Kjell Sümegi (Corresponding author)Email: |