实践中的贸易政策审议机制

TPRM在制度设计上主要以国别为基础,对成员的贸易政策进行定期审查,分析和评估各成员贸易政策和做法对多边贸易体制的影响,由此促进成员对世贸组织规则和承诺的遵守。要充分发挥TPRM在WTO体制内的作用,必须在实践中“与时俱进”,如避免主观因素影响,同时引进集体审议,区域安排审议制度,以及关注一些全球性问题,改变那种“只见树木不见森林”的审议方式。     

WTO贸易政策审议机制的运行状况及其存在问题探讨

贸易政策审议机制是世界贸易组织的三大重要机制之一,该机制自建立以来,对改善国际贸易环境和减少贸易纠纷发挥着重要的作用。纵观贸易政策审议机制的运行情况,我们不难把握它存在的问题:机制规则制定、执行以及发展中国家的利益保证。提高对贸易政策审议机制认识和理解,深入研究存在的问题,充分利用这一机制具有十分重要的意义。     

WTO贸易政策审议机制的运行及中国面临的挑战

贸易政策审议机制是世界贸易组织的三大重要机制之一.中国加入WTO后,在过渡期内世界贸易组织将对中国贸易政策进行一年一审.因此,对贸易政策审议机制的研究引起了政府和企业越来越多的关注.本文在系统论述贸易政策审议机制的主要内容及其作用的基础上,对不同发展程度的成员贸易政策审议情况进行了研究.最后,针对中国国情,提出中国应对贸易政策审议的策略.     

墨西哥贸易政策审议

<正> 墨西哥第三次贸易政策审议进展顺利,本次审议全面而且深入,并为贸易问题的研究工作提供了众多资料和借鉴。委员们赞赏了墨西哥近年来经济上的成效。墨西哥在贸易和投资自由化方面的努力带动了贸易和投资的显著高涨,是促使墨西哥经济进步和繁荣的关键因素。同时,墨西     

印度贸易政策审议

<正> (一)印度经济在过去的十年内迅速增长,实际国内生产总值(GDP)年平均增长率约为6%。由于遭受诸如亚洲金融危机以及石油价格波动等外界因素的冲击,印度经济在1997-1998年间增速放缓,仅仅达到4.8%。但在随后的两年时间里,其经济增长速度再度达到6%以上。各项社会指标,例如贫困状况及婴儿死亡率,在过去的10年里也有所改善。印度经济在此期间的高速增长,归     

欧盟贸易政策评审

<正> 近年经济发展自1997年上次贸易政策评审以来,欧洲联盟(欧盟)继续在完善内部市场方面取得重大进展,包括欧元启动。1997年以来,受欧盟地区内需求扩大的影响,经济年均增长约为2.5%,通货膨胀率降到历史低水平,1999年为1.2%。然而失业率依然居高不下,为9.2%。根据《发展与稳定条约》的框架,成员国采取了紧缩财政和稳定价格等恢复经济的宏观政策。欧元于1999年1月1日在欧盟15个成员国中的11个国家正式启动。欧洲中央银行在欧元区推行以维持欧元价格稳定(2%以下)为目的的货币政策。欧元对美元汇价到2000年4月已下降了20%,然而欧洲中央银行基本上没有采取积极的汇率政策来支持欧元。     

WTO贸易政策审议机制对成员贸易政策的效应

贸易政策审议机制作为WTO成员的贸易政策制定与调整的"双层博弈"分析框架的制度约束,对国内层次上贸易政策制定的效应,是通过提高成员政府制定贸易政策的能力、增强国内透明度来实行贸易政策的自主调整的;国际层次上的效应主要表现在贸易政策的调整效应上.成员最终是否会调整"问题"贸易政策,取决于成本与利益的权衡.     

美国贸易政策评审

<正> 经济和政策方面的发展上次评审以来,为应付经济增长的显著放慢,美国放松了其货币和财政政策,在2001年上半年就降息六次并在今后11年中计划减税1.35万亿美元以刺激经济增长。评审期间,美国经常项目上的赤字已增至 GDP 的4.5%,但得到了大量资本流入特别是外国投资的弥补,使美元持续保持强势。布什总统重申了美国将继续恪守公开、透明、高效的国际贸易规则和程序,并承诺支持新一轮多边贸易谈判。他还公布了旨在为美国的出口和投资寻求更好市场机会的2001年国际     

加拿大贸易政策审议

<正> 一、经济与政策发展加拿大经济已经成功地经受住目前全球经济减缓发展的考验,与此同时显示出相对强劲的增长态势。在2001年的停滞之后,随着强大的国内需求的复苏,加拿大的经济发展情况已逐步恢复并且在2002年的上半年达到超过4%的增长速率,随后的下半年则略有下降。通货膨胀在卓有成效的目标政策(将通货膨胀率保持在每年2%左右)下已经受到控制。低速的通货膨胀与前几年的财政政策使得加拿大政府可以通过反循环(counter-cyclical)财政政策和放松其货币立场来刺激增长。     

Malaysian Trade Policy and the 2001 WTO Trade Policy Review

The purpose of this paper is two–fold; to examine developments in trade and investment policy regimes in Malaysia following the on–set of the financial crisis, using the Trade Policy Review Malaysia: 2001 of the WTO as a reference point; and to evaluate the Review in terms of the objectives of the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism as set out in the Marrakesh Agreement. It is found that, by and large Malaysia has managed to come out of the crisis without compromising on its long–standing commitment to maintaining a relatively open trade and investment policy regime by the regional standards. However, there are some disturbing post–crisis developments, which deserve scrutiny in a future Review. These include increase in the degree of dispersion of tariff rates because of high tariff peaks relating to a few product lines, increased reliance on non–automatic import licensing to regulate imports of a significant number of products which directly compete with domestic production by public sector enterprises, and unexplained delays in meeting commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)     

Turkey: Trade Policy Review

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the main issues highlighted in the Trade Policy Review: Turkey 2003. The paper studies first the main developments in Turkey's trade regime and trade performance. Next it discusses Turkish trade policy emphasising the measures affecting imports, exports and foreign direct investment. The paper points out that agriculture is highly protected, and that autonomous reforms have been implemented in some of the services sectors of the economy. Since joining the EU will require Turkey to adopt and implement the whole body of EU legislation – the acquis communautaire– in all areas, Turkey needs to liberalise its agricultural and services sectors further. Finally, the paper discusses an issue that has largely been neglected in Trade Policy Reviews. It is the sustainability of current account. The paper stresses that Turkey needs to pay close attention to the sustainability of the current account.     

India: Trade Policy Review

The review of India's trade policy by the WTO, the third of its kind, is in three parts: the report by the WTO secretariat, a statement by the government of India and minutes of the discussion of the report by the trade policy review board. The review provides detailed information not only on India's trade and foreign investment policies but also an analytical review of India's export and economic performance. The review notes that India has made considerable progress with the liberalisation of its trade and investment regime, but it has a long way to go if it were to achieve a growth rate of eight to nine per cent, the stated objective of the policy makers. This paper, drawing upon the material in the report, analyses India's growth prospects and endorses the broad conclusions of the report.     

Trade Policy Issues in a Small African Economy: The Trade Policy Review of The Gambia 2004

The Gambia displays many of the classic characteristics of a small open economy, with the vulnerabilities that implies. The sum of its imports and exports are around 100 per cent of GDP, with a limited number of export commodities and a wide variety of imports, including some key staple foods. The Trade Policy Review of The Gambia 2004 provides a very helpful review and assessment of current trade patterns and policies. The latter rely predominantly on import and export taxes. While quite substantial trade reform measures have been implemented recently, these have led to only a very small reduction in the average tariff rate, and trade policy displays a substantial anti‐export bias. Other important issues highlighted by the Trade Policy Review include serious capacity constraints relating to trade policy, and a failure to discuss connections between trade policy and growth and poverty reduction – again common characteristics of many small economies.