Input–Output Analysis,Labour Scarcity and Relative Price Endogeneity: Aggregate Demand Disturbances in a ‘Flex-price’ Leontief System

In this paper, we introduce scarcity into a conventional demand-driven input–output system to produce a ‘flex-price’ Leontief model. We retain the fixed technical coefficients but allow changes in relative prices to reflect variations in the real wage. Because the consumption coefficients increase with the real wage, the aggregate labour demand curve is found to be upward sloping. This produces conventional results, as long as the labour supply curve is perfectly elastic (horizontal). However, once we introduce labour scarcity, in the form of an upward sloping labour supply function, we derive the seemingly paradoxical result that the output and employment effects of a demand expansion are greater here than in conventional input–output. Through simulation, this result is found to be strongly dependent on the assumption of export exogeneity.     

Labour Values,Prices of Production and the Effects of Income Distribution: Evidence from the Greek Economy

This paper explores the relationship between labour values, prices of production and changes in income distribution in an actual economy. For this purpose we use a linear model of production with circulating capital and homogeneous labour, assuming that wages are paid ex ante. On the basis of this model and data from input–output tables of the Greek economy for the period 1988–1997 we estimate the labour values and prices of production, which are normalized with the use of the Sraffian standard commodity and the actual output vector. Furthermore, we extend Steedman's polynomial approximation of prices of production to include the case where wages are paid ex ante and the accuracy of this approximation is tested with actual input–output data. Finally, we find that prices of production change as a result of hypothetical changes in income distribution more often than not in a monotonic way and in a few cases display curvatures that reverse the order between prices of production and values.     

Assessing the Empirical Relevance of Labour Frictions to Business Cycle Fluctuations

This paper describes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model augmented with labour frictions, namely: indivisible labour, predetermined employment and adjustment costs. This improves the fit to the data as shown by a higher log marginal likelihood and closer match to key business cycle statistics. The labour frictions introduced are relevant for model dynamics and economic policy: the effect of total factor productivity shocks on most macroeconomic variables is substantially mitigated; fiscal policy leads to a greater crowding out of private sector activity and monetary policy has a lower impact on output. Labour frictions also provide a better match to impulse response functions from vector autoregressive models.     

Labour productivity and employment in Australian manufacturing SMEs

This paper examines the relationship between labour productivity and employment in Australian manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The results indicate that labour productivity of SMEs varies substantially between industries within the manufacturing sector, but on average labour productivity for manufacturing SMEs increased at a faster rate than that of large manufacturing enterprises across all industries. All manufacturing industries except one recorded employment growth during the period under study. However like labour productivity growth, employment growth also varies across industries within the manufacturing sector. Yet the study could not establish any definite relationship between labour productivity growth and employment. This finding is consistent with some previous studies.     

解读斯密分工理论,构建社会和谐分工

劳动分工不是一个新的论题,我们的前人早已看到了分工的重要性,分工是社会发展的需要。政治经济学之父亚当·斯密在《国富论》中阐述了分工理论,现在读来其思想的闪光点依然为我们所见。本文引入斯密分工理论,结合现实,提出新时代的分工思想,对建立社会劳动和谐分工作一探讨。     

劳动价值论的深化

本文从劳动价值的构成入手,分析了新形式下劳动价值的组成,提出了科学劳动价值论的新内容,成功的将劳动的概念从物质生产领域扩大到了服务行业。     

中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应及其影响因素研究

本文借助多区域投入产出（MRIO）模型测算了中国1995～2009年22个行业的增加值出口及其就业效应,并利用结构分解法（SDA）分析了中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素。研究结果发现：总体而言,2000～2009年增加值出口对各行业总就业的边际拉动量均趋于下降,但对大部分行业总就业的拉动量趋于增加。从分技能来看,增加值出口对低技能劳动力就业增长的贡献最大,中等技能劳动力次之,高技能劳动力最小。尽管增加值出口对中国高技能劳动力就业的拉动作用相对较弱,但其呈现强劲的上升态势。进一步考察增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素发现,最终品和中间品出口规模扩张是增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要驱动因素,而劳动投入产出系数变动是抑制增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要因素。     

论增值税的转型及其经济效应分析

随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善和经济结构调整步伐的加快,我国现行的增值税体制已经不能适应市场经济发展的需要。面对我国加入W TO以及国际经济的全球化发展,作为我国现行税制主要税种的增值税如何进行转型,与国际惯例接轨,这对增强增值税的内在机制及我国参与世界贸易往来均有重要意义。     

Labour market segmentation and wage dynamics

The article contains results of a quantitative empirical investigation into the effects of labour market segmentation on wage dynamics in total industry as well as in several industrial branches in West Germany. By testing correlations between several indicators of earnings and the labour market it is shown that wage dynamics, in so far as they are determined by shop floor bargaining, can be explained at least as well and partly even better by indicators of certain partial labour markets than by conditions of the general labor market (i.e. the traditional Philipps approach).     

现金价值增加CVA理论的理念体系

现金价值增加是20世纪末新出现的一个财务概念。它一方面继承了传统的财务理念,另一方面也形成了自己的理念特色。本文主要讨论CVA理论的理念体系。     

浅谈企业价值及企业价值评估方法

人们在对企业经营评价的不断认识过程中逐步明确了企业价值。而如何进行企业价值评估,却有着较多的理论争论,本文主要对经济增加值理论运用于企业价值评估进行了说明,并介绍了经济增加值的计算方法。     

依托本地特色优势,促进陕西农村劳动力转移

农村劳动力的转移关系到农民增收,也是实现社会稳定的一个基本前提。本文以西部省份--陕西省为例,从分析农村剩余劳动力形成的原因入手,认为农村剩余劳动力的转移不仅应面向工业部门,而且还应依托本地特色优势实现内部转移,其转移的具体方式为发展有特色的劳务输出、特色林业、特色旅游业和相关的特色产业。     

智力增值系数(VAIC)的真正含义研究

本文通过分析Pulic模型、智力增值系数(VAIC)和其与其他业绩衡量指标之间的关系深入剖析了智力增值系数的真正含义。结果表明智力增值系数中的智力资本、人力资本和结构资本与Skandia导航仪和智力资本研究界一般所定义的含义不同,并且VAIC不是用来量度智力资本的价值,而是量度智力资本所创造的价值,是一种从利益相关者角度来衡量价值创造的业绩衡量指标,是对现有的业绩衡量方法的补充。     

Labour standards application among Chinese and Indian firms in Ghana: typical or atypical?

Despite the current interest in the growing amount of Chinese and Indian investments in African countries, little is known on the impact of such investments on the employment conditions of African workers. This study investigates the employment practices of a Chinese-owned and an Indian-owned manufacturing company in Ghana in relation to the national labour laws and international labour standards. This article argues that given the weaknesses in the institutional and financial capabilities of the state and the resultant large scope of autonomy assumed by multinational corporations (MNCs), it is highly unlikely that MNCs will voluntarily adopt a high level of labour standards without tangible benefits to the business. This is particularly the case for smaller MNCs from emerging economies such as China and India, as they often slip through the net of international pressure groups and are most unlikely to receive pressure in their home country to observe labour standards in their overseas operations. This study has policy implications for Ghana and other less developed countries that are seeking foreign direct investment to help national development.     

Discursive Rationality and the Division of Labour

A bstract One of the great achievements of economic science is the explanation of the benefits of the division of labour in market economies. However, despite its merits this utilitarian explanation is insufficient as an account for the widespread division of labour. This insufficiency stems from the normative shortcomings of the harmony-of-interests doctrine, which cannot justify the respect of private-property titles and. therefore, cannot explain on purely utilitarian grounds the fact that the division of labour is as widespread as it in fact is. Mariam Thalos has recently provided a partial solution to this problem by arguing that religious relief in God performs a public function that facilitates human co-operation. In critical elaboration of her thesis, the division of labour is explained by taking into account a different aspect of human reason, namely, discursive rationality.     

CVA-企业价值管理新理念

面对激烈的竞争,企业必须具有改革思想,要确立股东利益最大化为其经营管理目标,即价值管理。为了实现股东价值增值,管理者必须结合资本市场对公司的管理活动进行模仿、预期和分析,建立以价值为基础的管理的模型,对上市公司进行正确评估。本文从上市公司投资分析中存在矛盾入手,提出企业解决这个矛盾的方式只有使用价值管理理念进行投资评估和分析,在此基础上构造新的价值评价模型CVA-现金附加价值。     

动力煤的灰分计价与发热量计价及它们之间的关系

解释煤的几个定义，分析灰分计价与发热量计价的利弊，通过发热量回归分析计算，指出发热量的预测预报必须使用同一煤样。     

建筑施工企业劳务危机及对策

随着我国经济的快速发展,城市建设日新月异,但从事建筑施工工作的劳务人员数量呈逐年减少的趋势,在个别企业或地区甚至出现了劳务危机,其原因是多方面的。文章对产生劳务危机的原因进行分析,并提出相应对策。     

基于项目业主视角的管理增值服务:改进与提高

基于项目业主视角积极向业主提供增值服务是新形势下的建筑企业发展必由之路。本文就建筑领域的增值服务和内涵和意义进行分析,指出了提供增值服务的改进和提高的措施,并以实际案例阐释了基于项目业主视角提供增值服务所带来的巨大收益,指出了建筑服务企业提供增值服务的趋势。     

一种新视角下的客户总体价值解构及模型创新

本文以一种全新的视角对客户价值重新界定,认为客户对企业的价值贡献应体现在有形资产和无形资产两个方面;并从价值来源的角度解构客户总体价值,认为总体价值包含当前价值、潜在价值和隐性价值,而当前价值和潜在价值又都有直接价值和附加价值两种价值来源。在此基础上,本文构建了各类价值测算模型及基于客户整个生命周期的总体价值测算模型。