中非原油合作潜力分析

在石油供需缺口日益加大、对外依存度持续增高的今天,以充分利用国际油气资源为目标,积极开展对外合作,加快海外资源投资开发力度尤为重要。非洲地区油气资源丰富,是全球当前油气储量、产量增长的主要地区。非洲是我国最大的海外份额油来源地,拥有大小几十个油气项目,截至2012年中国公司在非洲的权益剩余原油储量达到34×108bbl。与此同时,非洲还是我国继中东之后第二大原油进口地区,原油主要来自西非和北非的安哥拉、刚果、苏丹等国。中国与非洲各国间的合作给双方带来双赢效益,中国公司在非洲的油气运营也是扩大非洲原油进口的有力保障。     

中亚五国优势矿产资源分布及开发现状

中亚五国矿产资源丰富,油气、石油、煤炭、铁、锰、铬、铜、钼、金、锑、锌、铝土等矿种的储量和产量均位居世界前列,而且从成矿的地质背景和优势矿种的矿集区分析,资源潜力巨大。加强与中亚五国在矿产资源领域的合作,对缓解我国资源压力具有现实意义。中国企业到中亚开展矿业投资,应综合考虑目标国的矿业法规政策和投资环境,并注意关注重点项目、评估投资风险、抓住投资机会、探索利用当地资源进行深加工的投资方式,寻找相关国家的垄断企业合作投资能源矿产;选择投资非油气矿产资源时,要慎选合作伙伴,考虑项目周边的基础设施和交通运输条件。     

特立尼达和多巴哥油气资源状况与投资环境

特立尼达和多巴哥是典型加勒比海岛国,国土面积狭小,油气资源以海上为主,油气产业尤其是LNG出口是其重要的支柱产业和国民经济收入来源,油气基础设施以海上管线和LNG输送为主,油气产业管理制度和法律体系完善,油气产业合作政策和财税制度与国际接轨,油气产业投资环境在加勒比海地区相对良好。由于历史、储量等原因,作为该国支柱产业的油气开采和LNG主要出口到美国、西班牙、南美诸国,近年来我国从该国进口的LNG也持续增长。特立尼达和多巴哥的天然气法律法规及财税体制等对我国发展天然气工业将有较大的借鉴价值。     

我国油气资源勘查开发重点和方向

油气资源是重要的能源矿产和战略性资源.我国油气资源的特点是总量比较丰富、质量较差和区域分布不均.目前产量和储量增长处于上升阶段,但对国民经济和社会发展的保障程度将越来越低.为提高我国油气资源保障能力,应加强东、中、西部和近海石油勘探;大力发展中、西部和近海天然气勘探;加强油气资源基础调查评价;"走出去"勘探国外油气资源.     

对东非地区油气资源形势的认识与思考

东非地区油气资源丰富,潜力巨大但整体勘探程度低。近年来,该地区不断有重大油气发现,勘探活动增加,东非国家也加快了油气对外合作的步伐,制定外资鼓励政策,加快基础设施建设。我国应加强对东非地区油气地质综合研究力度,完善油气投资评价标准和风险管控机制,投资领域兼顾上下游一体化发展,采取多种合作形式,加大对东非地区的油气投资合作力度,将该地区建成我国新的重要境外油气合作区和进口来源地。     

澳大利亚常规油气行业现状及行业特点分析——高收益行业的高风险挑战

澳大利亚常规油气行业中天然气在资源储量、供需、进出口方面呈现乐观的开发前景,而石油行业则一直呈下滑趋势。澳大利亚油气行业的优势和机遇：油气资源储量丰富且地理位置优越;现任政府支持能源行业发展;行业成熟且享有巨额利润空间;优质的投资环境。劣势和挑战：石油产业对外依存度越来越高;基础设施缺失影响东海岸油气供给;多项外部影响压榨利润空间;美国廉价天然气长期来讲将对市场形成冲击。投资策略：（1）分析价格走势、关注汇率利息;（2）把握亚太市场、提前锁定长协;（3）好社区工作、取得环境审批;（4）利用规模效益、严格控制成本。     

我国油气资源供需前景展望

本文认为我国油气资源后备储量紧张,但前景良好,我国西部地区潜力最大,特别是塔里木盆地将是我国油气资源接替的战略发展地区。但勘探开发塔里木盆地石油面临的主要问题是资金不足。文章建议:(1)在目前经济体制和财政现状下,除国家增加勘探投资外,应多渠道集资,建立能源勘查基金,其中相当一部分用于油气勘查,并适当引进外资,加快勘探步伐;(2)调整原油与石油产品价格,理顺价格体系;(3)严格执行节能措施,降低能耗;(4)提高投资效果;(5)对老油区深入挖潜,延伸勘探。     

昆明盆地土地资源初步研究

昆明盆地位于云南省中部,为新构造运动作用下形成的山间断陷地盆地。它南北长60公里,东西宽约20公里,是云南省山原中最大的坝子之一,也是具有明显的立体农业特征的地区之一。这里,人口稠密、农业发达、工业集中、人地矛盾日益突出,生态环境渐趋恶化,亟待解决。本文在野外考察、航片判读和编绘昆明盆地东侧土地资源类型图的基础上,试对昆明盆地土地资源作初步研究。     

中美贸易战对我国油气行业的影响分析

文章对中美贸易战的本质、中美合作现状,以及中美贸易战对我国油气行业的影响等进行了深入分析,得出结论为中美贸易战对我国油气上游勘探开发影响不大,但使我国油气安全供给和海外油气合作有潜在风险。建议:(1)加强中美油气合作,实现互利共赢;(2)深化油气上游市场改革,加大国内油气勘探开发投资力度;(3)坚持"两种资源、两个市场",加强油气国际合作。     

USGS"2000世界油气评价"待发现油气资源预测法

美国地质调查局 2 0 0 0年的油气资源评价中 ,主要进行了两个方面的预测 :待发现油气资源预测和储量增长预测。待发现油气资源的预测主要运用了油气藏规模分布预测方法及蒙特卡洛模拟方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定辣椒油中苏丹红的含量

本文对国家标准《食品中苏丹红染料的检测方法高效液相色谱法》(GB/T 19681-2005)中利用高效液相色谱法测定辣椒油中苏丹红含量的方法进行优化,使方法更加简便快捷,且满足实验要求。以正己烷为提取溶剂,提取液经ProElut SDH固相萃取柱净化,经高效液相色谱柱分离,外标法定量。优化后的方法中,苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ在0.16~2.56μg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好,苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的检出限分别为0.010 7μg/kg、0.011 1μg/kg、0.011 9μg/kg、0.011 0μg/kg,加标回收率为89.21%~95.69%。优化后的实验方法易于操作,能够缩短实验时间,有良好的回收率,更适合检测辣椒油中苏丹红的含量。     

Land tenure and rental in Western Sudan

This paper reports on aspects of land tenure in western Sudan, especially the nature of tenure insecurity and the functioning of the land rental market. The active land rental market accounted for about one-third of cultivated land. Patterns of land rental transactions, and tests of the importance of insecurity in renting land, where the owner may not be able to reclaim land rented out, do not support the presumption that rental markets perform poorly. The role of the sheikh as administrator of village land, and the claims of large landowners to vast tracts, are, however, important political problems that must be resolved before attempts at ‘rationalizing’ land tenure.     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中苏丹红的方法优化

目的:优化高效液相色谱法测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ.方法:样品经固相萃取柱净化后,以乙腈和水为流动相按95％:5％的比例进行洗脱,经C18柱分离,于500 nm波长下检测.结果:苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ在0.1～2.4μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999;苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的方法检出限(MDL)分别为0.04μg...     

A historical political ecology of forest access and use in Sudan: Implications for sustainable rural livelihoods

This paper analyzes and explains the development of forest governance over time and its impact on forest-dependent livelihoods in Sudan. Therefore, a qualitative historical analysis method was used to capture and interpret the analytical dimensions of the Political Ecology Approach (PEA). The historical review of the forestry development provides an insight into Sudan’s transforming governance framework for forest access and use, especially the related legislation, policies and resource administrations. This study concludes that unequally distributed forest resource access and institutional arrangements over time are detrimental factors for forest-dependent poverty and environmental degradation. Our study suggests that a more supportive governance framework, which integrates rural livelihood vulnerability with sustainability parameters, is needed thus to resolve the currently most contradictory forest management paradigms.     

Enhancing food security in South Sudan: the role of markets and regional trade

South Sudan faces serious problems of food insecurity due to low levels of domestic food production, periodic droughts, widespread poverty, and since late 2013, renewed armed conflict. This article explores market price behavior using cointegration analysis and estimates the effects of production and trade shocks through multimarket model simulations. We show that market prices in the capital city, Juba, of both maize and sorghum are cointegrated with import parity prices of these cereals sourced from Uganda, consistent with observed trade flows. Model simulations, using econometrically estimated demand parameters, suggest that private sector imports of maize and wheat would greatly mitigate the potential fall in consumption in the case of a decline in domestic cereal production. Other simulations indicate that if total imports of cereals are reduced by one‐third (still more than two times the levels of food aid in 2013) because of disruptions to private market flows, domestic prices of cereals could rise by 45% or more. The article concludes that whatever measures are taken involving national food security reserves, it is crucial that government policy serves to maintain incentives for private sector imports to avoid destabilizing market supplies, domestic prices, and ultimately, food consumption of the poor.     

粮油检测在监督粮油食品安全中的作用

粮油作为必需品之一,是人们不可或缺的食品.粮油食品的安全与人们的健康息息相关,因此如何保证粮油食品的安全成为相关工作者关注的重点问题.粮油检测可以保障粮油食品的安全,对促进粮油食品质量的提升具有重要作用.本文主要探讨了粮油检测在粮油食品安全监督中的重要作用,希望能够为相关工作者提供借鉴.     

Climate,carbon, civil war and flexible boundaries: Sudan's contested landscape

The confluence of climate change, oil development, farmer–nomad interaction, and civil war has given rise to serious contestation over land and water resources in the heart of Sudan. Here we report on direct involvement in the very difficult and protracted efforts to resolve these land-use conflicts. Repeated efforts to define and implement “hard demarcation” of boundaries in agroecological regions characterized by great temporal variability across space have been unsuccessful for many reasons. In semi-arid and savanna environments, where nomads share the use of land with sedentary communities, boundary disputes are minimized by the existence of flexible demarcations. Flexible boundaries are identifiable but subject to change in response to negotiation and agreement among resource users. It seems that the struggle is always over “rights” to particular areas of land. But it is necessary to understand the distinction between interests and rights. Each individual – and each group – has interests that they will seek to protect and, very often, enhance. But the conversion of interests into rights is a more difficult matter. As long as the need to deal with risk and uncertainty dominate livelihood strategies, flexible adaptation rather than rigid boundaries remains the optimal strategy in agro-pastoral economies.     

《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》对石油天然气企业会计的影响分析

阐述了我国目前石油天然气企业会计处理中存在的问题，分析了《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》的相关规定，并在此基础上探讨了该准则对我国石油天然气企业经营业绩和会计核算的影响。     

Extensification of agriculture and deforestation: empirical evidence from Sudan

Extensification of agriculture is one of the major factors contributing to the destruction of forests in Africa. In Sudan, such horizontal expansion comes at the expense of land devoted to trees and other vegetation, thereby inducing conditions that are inimical to sustainable agricultural production. Different factors have contributed to extensification. Although high economic returns from crop (mainly sorghum) production was an important factor encouraging extensification of rainfed mechanized farming, other factors outside agriculture have also contributed to that expansion. This paper uses data from eastern Sudan and an acreage response model, to identify the most important factors influencing acreage expansion. Different measures and forms of risk were used in the acreage response model. The paper shows how policies in the energy sector can indirectly influence acreage expansion in the agricultural sector.     

Spatial and Seasonal Price Differences for Sorghum and Sesame in Sudan

Spatial and seasonal price differences for sorghum and sesame in the Sudan are investigated. A conceptual model of competitive market behavior in time and space dimensions is adopted to test the spatial and the seasonal price differences as compared to transportation and storage costs, respectively. The large differences in sorghum prices among regions indicate a lack of market integration between producing and consuming regions. Monthly price changes for sorghum and sesame compared to storage costs indicate an opportunity to capture above normal returns to storage. Causes of these large price differences are inadequate transportation and marketing infrastructure and government policy.