中国国家矿山公园空间分布研究

运用GIS空间分析技术,探讨了我国国家矿山公园的空间分布特征,并分析影响矿山公园空间分布的因素。研究表明:中国72处国家矿山公园在空间上呈现集聚分布;空间分布不均,大部分国家矿山集中在东部和中部省份;分布的高密度地区为1个带状区域和3个块状区域;85%以上的国家矿山公园与区域中心城市的直线距离在100km以内。矿产资源禀赋条件、区域社会经济发展水平、拟建地政府部门和矿业企业的认知水平是影响国家矿山公园空间分布的主要因素。在今后国家矿山公园的审批与建设中,应考虑向资源枯竭型城市倾斜,公园的规划建设要与城市经济的转型发展相联系。     

数据引领魅力智造

雁荡山风景名胜区位于浙江省温州市乐清市东北,集山水美学、自然科学、历史文化于一体,是中国罕见的风景名山、文化名山、科学名山.雁荡山是国家首批重点风景名胜区、浙江省唯一的世界地质公园和首批国家5A级旅游景区(浙江省14个5A级旅游景区之一),众多的殊荣使雁荡山以"世界级"品牌成为中华名山中的翘楚,令其有极高的科学价值、景...     

河南省旅游景点的时空分析特征以及影响因素分析

景区是旅游活动的主要区域.利用GIS空间分析工具探讨了河南省2008年、2017年、2019年三个年份的3A级以上旅游景区的空间分布状态,并对其影响因素进行相关性分析.结果表明,(1)河南省旅游景区分布呈现一定程度的聚集,并在郑汴洛形成"三点一线"的旅游模式;(2)河南省旅游景区在时空上呈现扩张的趋势;(3)河南省3A...     

郑汴洛A级旅游景区空间分布特征及影响因素

A级旅游景区体现的是相应A级的品质,也是旅游景区的品牌,更是旅游产业发展的重要支撑。选取郑州市、开封市和洛阳市为研究区域,采用GIS空间分析方法,对87处A级旅游景区空间分布特征及影响因素进行研究,得出以下结论:1郑汴洛A级旅游景区总体呈核心—边缘状分布格局;存在明显的城区—县域差异及"三点一线"旅游带的格局特征,在中心城区集聚程度最高,县域内景区的空间分布集聚程度较低且呈现离散状组团式分布。2已有的资源禀赋、地形地貌特征、交通区位条件和重要河流水系分布等因素通过综合作用共同影响着郑汴洛A级旅游景区的空间分布。     

河南省乡村旅游地空间分布与影响因素研究

[目的]通过测度河南省乡村旅游地的地理集聚状况、地理联系程度、发展等级分异,以准确把握河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征及其影响因素。[方法]选取河南省18个地级市的259个乡村旅游特色村、100个休闲观光园区、82个生态旅游示范镇为研究样本,结合数学计量方法和GIS技术,综合运用基尼指数、地理集中指数、地理联系率、核密度估计值、乡村旅游等级发展指数,对河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征和影响因素进行定量分析。[结果](1)河南省的乡村旅游地类型丰富,按所占比例依次为山地景区旅游带、过渡区旅游带、市区边缘旅游带、小规模旅游带4种类型。(2)河南省乡村旅游地空间分布趋于集聚,总体呈现出中西北部密集,东南部稀松的分布特征,地区间发展分异明显,且乡村旅游地与地区经济、人口要素匹配性高。(3)河南省乡村旅游发展模式为多核心带动型,发展等级豫北最高,豫中次之,豫南和豫西居于中间,豫东因缺少核心带动城市而成为全省低谷地区。(4)人均GDP、人口密度、城乡人口结构、国家景区依托、公路铁路干道交通、自然资源条件是影响乡村旅游地空间分布的主要因素。[结论]河南省乡村旅游地空间集聚程度高,且与国家A级景区分布高度吻合,应注重打造乡村旅游与A级景区建设的协调发展机制,打造"大旅游"片区;同时高集聚分布也代表着乡村旅游地发展等级空间分异明显,应围绕豫东、豫南打造核心城市,以弥补发展短板。     

长江中游城市群A级旅游景区的空间分布特征及影响因素分析

旅游景区是旅游业发展的空间载体,也是旅游系统的重要组成部分,对区域经济发展起着重要的作用。本文以长江中游城市群A级旅游景区作为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、核密度指数、pearson相关系数分析等方法,利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能,研究长江中游城市群A级旅游景区的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区呈现出凝聚型空间分布状态;(2)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区空间分布呈现“局部聚集,整体分散”的分布特征,且分布密度具有明显的地域差异性;(3)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区呈现明显的聚集特征,空间自相关性表现较为显著,且正相关为主要空间关联类型;(4)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区空间分布受资源禀赋、道路交通、社会经济发展、相关政策以及人口等因素影响较为明显。     

世界地质公园——云台山

云台山位于河南省修武县境内，是全球首批世界地质公园，同时又是河南省唯一一个集国家重点风景名胜区、国家AAAA级景区，国家地质公园、国家森林公园、国家水利风景名胜区、     

基于POI提取的山地丘陵区乡村旅游空间分布研究*——以重庆市农家乐为例

［目的］通过大数据研究山地丘陵区乡村旅游的空间分布现状及规律,为乡村旅游规划提供参考借鉴。［方法］基于POI抓取技术,以2018年9月抓取到的重庆市1 644家农家乐为研究对象,结合各种地理基础数据资料,借助GIS分析手段,采用最近邻指数、K函数、核密度估计、Getis Ord Gi*热点分析和Moran′s I指数对重庆市农家乐空间分布特征进行研究。［结果］（1）重庆市农家乐分布整体呈现显著聚集趋势,空间自相关性显著; 主城区为聚集—随机分布,空间自相关性不显著; （2）市域范围农家乐聚集程度随空间尺度的增大而增强,主城区特征空间尺度为2139km; （3）农家乐在中部主城区集中连片分布,在主城外零散分布; （4）全市农家乐分布热点区域集中在中南部; （5）7044%的农家乐分布在距城市中心120km的范围内; （6）767%的农家乐分布在A级景区周边10km范围内,且倾向于分布在自然类景区和高等级景区周边; （7）中海拔地区为农家乐分布的主要区域。［结论］提出针对性的改善建议,以优化农家乐产业布局,促进乡村旅游发展与生态文明建设充分结合,更好助力乡村振兴。     

巴中神门景区资源特征与开发模式探讨

神门景区范围广,地质遗迹类型丰富,资源品质较高,多数资源尚处于一种极为原始的状态。开发利用中存在连片性较差、优质资源与世界地质公园其他景区雷同、"灯下黑"效应等问题。对神门景区开发必须从多方位入手,找准其"地质公园村"的旅游形象定位,以地质旅游与乡村旅游结合的形式打造亮点吸引游客。修建完善的旅游基础设施,开发多种旅游产品增强游客体验感,以丰富的景区旅游营销手段为公园打响知名度。同时不能放弃世界地质公园的品牌价值,在世界地质公园管理部门统筹下,依靠成熟景区带动,促进景区协同发展。     

地质公园开放式管理模式的构想——以广西罗城国家地质公园剑江园区为例

为探索国家地质公园的可持续发展和有序的保护开发地质遗迹,将开放式管理模式引入地质公园管理。文章阐述了地质公园开放式景区的含义、原则和意义,并以广西罗城国家地质公园剑江园区为例,从公园的规划与管理、地质遗迹的保护、科普解说系统、旅游产品的开发与服务设施、安全性、管理经费等6个方面探讨了建设地质公园开放式景区过程中的主要预见性问题。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.