网络背景下的税收管辖权问题研究

税收管辖权主要分为两种,一种是属人管辖权,另一种是属地管辖权。但是,不论是属人税收管辖权还是属地税收管辖权都是一种不完全的税收管辖权,都存在许多征税漏洞。对国际税收法律体制进行适合于电子商务的改造或者变革,不仅仅是一项法律制度通常的改变,而是具有划时代意义的举措,这表明从此以后我们不但要关注现实的世界,还要时时留意那个数字化空间的影响。从这一意义上说,电子商务税收法律制度必定是一个十分重大的命题。     

从公平原则审视我国的个人所得税

税收是国家财政收入的重要来源,个人所得税又是税收中重要的税种。国家可以也应该通过个人所得税调节国民收入,缩小国民贫富差距,这就需要一个公平的且能起调节作用的个人所得税税制。     

Regional consumption dynamics and risk sharing in Italy

In this paper, we propose a new method for investigating consumption insurance. Differently from the existing literature, we use error correcting VAR models in order to capture simultaneously the occurrence of risk sharing against permanent and transitory shocks. The proposed method is applied to the case of Italian regions. Empirical results obtained over the 1960–2001 period reveal that contrary to previous findings, Italian regions seem to shield against permanent shocks other than transitory ones. Although some biases are detected in the allocation process of resources, deviations from full consumption insurance are not as relevant as claimed in the previous literature on the Italian regions.     

Dynamic elasticities of tax revenue: evidence from the Czech Republic

Tax revenue elasticities with respect to tax bases are key parameters for the modeling of public finances. Yet the existing studies estimating these elasticities for emerging countries disregard the effects of tax reforms on tax revenue, which renders their estimates inconsistent. We introduce a framework for estimating both short- and long-run tax revenue elasticities using quarterly data adjusted for the effects of reforms. Our results suggest that the long-run elasticities in the Czech Republic are 1.4 for wage tax, 0.9 for value added tax, 1.7 for profit tax and 1 for social security contributions. The adjustment process for value added tax and social security contributions is fast, but for the remaining two categories, it is important to distinguish between the short- and long-run elasticities: the initial response of revenue to changes in the bases is weak. In the case of wage tax it takes half a year for the elasticity to surpass unity.     

财政级次与优化政府间税种配置

我国过多的财政级次与彻底分税制之间存在不相容性,难以在各级政府间合理配置税种,因而需要简化财政体制级次.本文结合政府层级变化趋势,提出推出两项行政体制变革,将政府层级从五级精简为三级,使得政府层级与财政级次对应,并以中央、省、市(县)这三级政府财政为架构,来优化各级政府间税种配置,形成各自的主体税种.     

如何规范股份支付的税务处理

股份支付的研究最早开始于美国,随着我国资本市场的发展,股份支付成为我国企业尤其是上市公司的常见经济业务,因此,对股份支付的核算进行规范十分必要。我国新会计准则第11号对股份支付的会计处理进行了规范,但股份支付的税务处理尚未写入所得税法,成为我国税法的一个盲点。     

分税制改革、地方政府干预和金融加速器效应——基于中部地区1995～2008年面板数据的实证分析

运用双向固定效应模型,实证分析了中部地区地方政府对金融发展的干预对金融加速经济发展的效应的影响。研究表明,在经济转型期,中部地区金融业的低水平稳态发展成为阻碍地区经济增长的不利因素。而地方政府因发展经济的强烈动机,适当干预金融发展能弥补地方金融自身发展的不足,促进金融发展推动地区的经济增长。     

Impact of income tax on happiness: evidence from the United States

The present work considers the level of demonstrated happiness and unhappiness within groups, the latter measured by the conditional probability of suicide within groups facing an income tax rate and those without. Using US data for the year 2004, our results show that individuals have lower rates of suicide or are ‘happy’ when they do not pay income taxes than those who pay.     

税务筹划在工资薪金税负中的运用

工资薪金是个人收入的主要形式,超额累进税制和各种抵扣项目政策的存在,为税务筹划在工资薪金税负中的运用,提供了一定的空间。根据现行工资薪金个人所得税的政策法规,结合各单位的实际情况,工资薪金税负税务筹划的基本思路应从降低应纳税所得额和降低边际税率两个方面入手。     

The impact of tax reforms on unemployment in a SMOPEC

This paper analyzes revenue-neutral tax reforms for a small open economy which is constrained to a balanced current account and whose producers have market power on the world market. We consider origin-based and destination-based commodity taxes as well as taxes on income, the payroll, and on an imported factor of production. Our main findings are the following. First, the strength, and for some parameter constellations, even the sign of the employment effect of tax reforms varies with the degree of openness of the economy. Second, the indeterminacy of the sign of the employment effect crucially hinges on the presence of an internationally mobile factor. The central mechanism underlying our results are adjustments of the real exchange rate which have repercussions on wage and price setting and therefore on employment.     

装备制造业对沈阳市GDP及税收增长拉动作用实证分析——基于投入产出分析方法

东北老工业基地振兴战略实施以来,沈阳市装备制造业发展水平和质量不断提高,对地方经济的拉动作用和税收贡献度显著增强。2008年,沈阳市装备制造业实现增加值804.1亿元,增长21.9%,占全市GDP的20.8%,对全市GDP增长的直接拉动作用为6.0%,拉动幅度为23.4%。利用2007年沈阳市投入产出表①,计算得2007年装备制造业对沈阳GDP的全部拉动作用达32.5%,较2002年提高了18.4个百分点。分子行业看,装备制造业七个子行业中通用设备制造业前后产业关联度最高,影响力系数和感应度系数分别达到7.8和4.4;电气机械器材制造业和通用设备制造业税收收入同比增加最多,占全部制造业税收收入增量的90.5%;仪器仪表及文化办公用品制造业税收弹性系数最高,达26.6。     

个人所得税改革中的马太效应及其矫正

在中国,个人所得税是通过累进的个人所得税调节收入分配,调节高收入者的收入水平,以期缩小贫富差距,逐步实现趋于社会公平的收入分配方式。然而就中国现状来看,它不仅没有起到公平收入分配的调节作用,而且也在一定程度上放大了贫富差距的“马太效应”。因此,中国个人所得税模式改革取向,应是个人所得税的工具能发挥更好的作用。     

Tax competition,tax coordination and tax harmonization: The effects of EMU

There is little doubt that the step towards a monetary union in Europe will increase both the distorionary effects of existing differences in national tax systems and the intensity of tax competition for internationally mobile commodity and factor tax bases. This paper discusses selected issues of commodity and capital tax coordination that are likely to be affected by monetary unification. Starting from the distortive present scheme of value-added taxation in Europe we first analyze the effects of a switch to a general origin-based VAT as a way to maintain national tax rate autonomy over this important tax base. While an origin-based VAT would neither distort trade flows — both within the EU and with third countries — nor investment decisions in the long-run, its short-run effects are likely to be severe in the absence of exchange rate flexibility. In the field of capital taxation the focus switches to the feasibility of regional harmonization measures when there is no cooperation with the rest of the world. We argue that in a monetary union the mobility costs of capital will be significantly lower within the EU as compared to outside investments. This provides an efficiency argument for minimum source taxes on both interest income and corporate profits even if cooperation with third countries is infeasible.     

The experience of some OECD economies on tax smoothing

Observed random walk behaviour of a tax rate does not necessarily support the tax smoothing hypothesis though the latter implies the former. This article presents a direct test of tax smoothing by showing that if the tax smoothing hypothesis holds then the future tax rate should cointegrate with the current permanent government expenditure rate even though the tax rate is a random walk. This test is a direct and robust test of a number of ‘random walk models’ available in the literature. This procedure also enables us to differentiate among ‘strong tax smoothing’, ‘weak tax smoothing’ and ‘no-tax smoothing’, all of which are consistent with the random walk behaviour of a tax rate. Application of this test to Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the UK and the US show evidence in support of weak forms of tax smoothing.     

The effect of marginal tax rates on taxable income: a panel study of the 1988 tax flattening in Canada

Federal tax reform in 1988 flattened the Canadian personal income tax schedule, changing the marginal tax rates for many individuals. Using methods similar to those applied by Auten and Carroll [Rev. Econ. 81(4) (1999) 681] in the study of the effects of the 1986 U.S. Tax Reform Act, we estimate the responsiveness of income to changes in taxes to be substantially smaller in Canada. However we find evidence of a much higher response in self-employment income, in the labor income of seniors and from those with high incomes.     

现金流量表的比率分析

现金流量是以现金为基础编制的反映企业一定期间由现金信息的动态系统。对现金流量表的比率分析能够反映企 业的支付能力、偿债能力、各种财务能力的质量和社会贡献能力等指标对现金流量表的比率分析,可以从不同的角度掌握、分 析企业的盈余能力,预测投资风险。     

基于现金流的我国三大石油公司财务风险研究

财务风险作为石油行业面临的重要风险具有影响全局的作用。采用多元回归分析方法,以我国三大石油公司2001～2013（香港联合交易所）年度财务报告数据为基础,基于现金流视角研究财务风险。实证研究结果表明：经营活动现金流量增长率、投资活动总流入结构比率与财务风险的变化趋势成反比;净利润现金比率、全部现金流量比率、筹资活动总流入结构比率显著影响财务风险。     

经济全球化背景下的我国税制改革

随着改革步伐的加快,尤其是我国于2001年12月11日正式成为WTO一员之后,我国经济的发展与世界经济更加紧密联系在一起,到了“你中有我,我中有你”,谁也离不开谁的地步。与此同时也对我国社会经济各个领域产生了巨大的冲击,在这种趋势下,必然要求革除原有税收体制弊端,建立一种与国际税收政策相协调的税收制度,以促进我国经济的进一步发展。     

Outsourcing of accounting tasks and tax management: evidence from a corporate tax rate change

The aim of this article is to investigate if small firms react to a national corporate tax rate reduction by managing their taxable income. In contrast to previous studies, we also analyse whether outsourcing of accounting tasks affects the magnitude of the reaction. Based on a sample of Finnish firms and measures of earnings management, evidence is provided that firms with an internalized accounting function are more active tax planners in this context. This study suggests that outsourcing of accounting tasks increases the corporate tax reporting quality.