感性营销策略——兼谈情侣商品的开发

最佳资本结构问题一直是财务理论研究中的热点问题 ,我国上市公司的资本结构大多不合理而又很难表现出来 ,因此建立资本结构评价模型更切合我国当前的实际需要。本文抽象出影响我国上市公司资本结构形成的九个因素 ,概括出 15个具体的指标 ,运用主成分分析法建立了我国上市公     

On demographic aging,inflation, and real wages: Some evidence from the Netherlands

Summary The findings of this paper suggest that when allowance is made for the potential impact of low fertility on relative price levels, the emergence of a state of sustained population decline might lead to levels of economic well-being which are declining both absolutely and relative to populations experiencing moderate growth. Such a conclusion emerges only after the passage of some 30 years; prior to this time span, conventional results (slower population growth yielding faster income growth) are confirmed. The result is attributable to a considerable scarcity of labor, resulting from fundamental changes in the ratio of workers to (older) dependents.This research was conducted while the author served as a visiting senior research scholar at the Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute (NIDI), under the auspices of the Fulbright-Hays Act. Voluminous thanks are due to NIDI and its director, Pro. Dr. D. J. van de Kaa, for generous clerical and computer support. A special note of thanks for many helpful suggestions and insights is due to Drs. J. J. van Oosterwijk-Bruyn, Dr. H. G. Moors and Prof. C. J. O'Neill. All errors and omissions are, of course, the sole responsibility of the author.     

Investing in human capital: The lack of black apprentices

Conclusion The allegation that Blacks are reluctant to invest in apprenticeship training programs because of a lower return on investment appears unfounded. It has been shown that the smaller amounts of self-investment by Blacks is due to the monopoly power a trade union has to exclude individuals on the basis of race.     

Evolution of living standards and human capital in China in the 18-20th centuries: Evidences from real wages, age-heaping, and anthropometrics

This article mobilizes and integrates both existing and new time series data on real wages, physical heights and age-heaping to examine the long-term trend of living standards and human capital for China during the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Our findings confirm the existence of a substantial gap in living standards between China and North-western Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They also reveal a sustained decline in living standards and human capital at least in South China from the mid-nineteenth century followed by a recovery in the early twentieth century. However, comparative examination of age-heaping data shows that the level of Chinese human capital was relatively high by world standard during this period. We make a preliminary exploration of the historical implication of our findings.     

Government budget,public-sector wages and capital taxes in a small open economy: A Hong Kong case

This paper examines the welfare implications of adjustments in public-sector wages and capital tax rates for a small open economy in a general equilibrium setting. The individually and jointly optimal wage and tax policies are derived and interpreted. Facing reductions in land sales and falls in foreign interest rates, a cut in public workers' pay is needed to make their wage comparable to the private sector and a hike in capital taxes is recommended for a budgetary consideration. Using a computable general equilibrium model for Hong Kong, we numerically evaluate the various optimal policies which not only confirm the theoretical results but also provide quantitative estimates of the optimal policy variables.     

Real wages and the family: Adjusting real wages to changing demography in pre-modern England

This paper uses demographic data drawn from Wrigley et al.'s (1997) family reconstitutions of 26 English parishes to adjust Allen's (2001) real wages to the changing demography of early modern England. Using parity progression ratios (a fertility measure) and age specific mortality for children and parents, model families are predicted in two reference periods 1650–1700 and 1750–1800. These models yield two levels of interesting results. At the individual family level, we can measure how different families' real wages changed over the family life cycle as additional children were born. At the aggregate level, we can predict thousands of families using Monte Carlo simulation, creating a realistic distribution of median family real wages in the economy. There are two main findings. First, pregnancy and lactation do not create cyclical effects in the family's income. Instead, most families' welfare ratios decline steadily across the family life cycle until children begin to leave the household, increasing the welfare ratios. Second, Allen's real wages understate or match the median of the predicted demography-adjusted distributions.     

The relationship between human capital and the economic growth in China

Human capital is one of the most important factors to promote economic growth. It is critical both on theory and practice to study how human capital investment and accumulation promote the economic growth in China. The thesis takes Lucas＇s Human Capital Spillover Model as the analysis tool. Through SPSS 14.0 software, it uses the serial data from 1992 to 2006 to analyze the human capital＇s correlation and contribution to the economic growth, so as to find out why the human capital contribution to economic growth is low. And then, in order to increase the human capital accumulation, it puts forward the relative strategies which include paying more attention to the importance of human capital, greatly developing education, improving the quality of human capital and investing more on the human capital of enterprises.     

The effects of offshoring on wages: a meta-analysis

Review of World Economics - Offshoring, either as FDI or offshore outsourcing, is a phenomenon of increasing importance that has been widely studied in the economics literature. Studies analysing...     

Migration and wage growth: a human capital approach

"The purpose of this paper is to analyze migration as an investment in human capital using panel data. [The authors] focus on two issues. The first is the economic motivation for migration and the reasons some movers receive high returns relative to other migrants. The second issue, and the major focus of the paper, is a test of the human capital model explaining wage profiles of nonmovers, first-time, and repeat migrants." The data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Males, 1966-1971 cross-section, and concern the United States.     

Black-white wage differential: The relative importance of human capital and labor market structure

This article uses the decomposition analysis developed by Neumark and the 1987 CPS data to investigate the relative importance of human capital and labor market structure in explaining the observed wage differential between white males and blacks (both male and female). We find that labor market structure, as opposed to differences in human capital, explains a relatively large portion of the wage gap between white males and blacks. In addition to blacks and whites being paid different wages for the same work, they are also given unequal opportunities. This means that narrowing the human capital gap between the races will not be enough to close the wage gap, as argued by human capital theorists. It is equally important to pursue policies that provide access to higher paying jobs and industries for blacks.     

Firm-level human capital and innovation: Evidence from China

This paper examines the role of human capital in firms' innovation. Based on a World Bank survey of manufacturing firms in China, we use two firm-level datasets: one from large metropolitan cities, and one from mid-sized cities. Patents are used as an indicator of innovation. The human capital indicators we use include the number of highly educated workers, the general manager's education and tenure, and the management team's education and age. We use the Negative Binomial and Instrumental Variables estimators to estimate patent production function models that are augmented by our human capital variables. We also use the zero-inflated Negative Binomial model to examine the likelihood of innovation. We find that the human capital indicators play an important role in influencing patenting, and that some of the human capital variables appear to have a greater impact on patenting in mid-sized cities. Our human capital estimates are obtained after controlling for firms' R&D, size, market share, age, and foreign ownership, as well as fixed effects to control for industry-specific characteristics, and firms' location and geography.     

现代企业人力资本与人本管理研究

在全球经济一体化的趋势下,人力资本理论与实践正在我国迅速推广传播,人力资源已成为企业取得和维系竞争优势的关键性资源.掌握了人力资本,就把握了企业发展和经济进步的命脉.实现人力资源真正转变为人力资本,必须做到以下几点:重视人力资本的作用与价值;重新考虑公司治理结构的调整;加强人才教育培训;完善人才激励机制;加快企业文化建设.     

The effect of mergers on employment and wages: Evidence from Japan

This study investigates the impact of mergers on employment and employees’ wages in Japan, based on 111 mergers between listed firms observed between 1990 and 2003. Typically, the number of employees decreases by 4.45% three years after a merger, even after changes in sales and other variables are controlled. Firms that experience related mergers, and rescue mergers are more likely to decrease the number of workers. At the same time, wages increase by 5.46% per employee. These results suggest that the main motivation behind mergers is not to divest employees of their wealth.     

Migrant farmworker earnings: A human capital approach

Migrant farmworkers are essential to the supply of low-cost agricultural produce. However, employment earnings of this vital labor force are approximately equal to the federal poverty income. This study examines the role of health capital investments in enhancing farmworker productivity and employment earnings. Health capital investments are found to have a larger marginal effect on earnings than other forms of human capital investments, such as education or experience.     

The effect of uncertain returns on human capital investment patterns

This paper formalizes a human capital model with a dynamic and uncertain rental rate of human capital. As a result, investment in human capital may no longer decline monotonically over time as is predicted by the standard Ben-Porath version of the human capital model. This model provides a plausible, theoretical explanation for the recent trend of investment in higher education later in the life cycle which is consistent with the empirically established, increasing returns to education.     

广东省人力资本、资本形成与经济增长的协整分析

文章根据1980～2007年的样本数据,利用单位根检验、协整检验和误差修正模型,判定了广东省国内生产总值(GDP)和资本形成总额、就业人口总数的时间序列均是带有一阶差分的趋势平稳过程,证实了三者之间存在协整关系以及动态相关性。最后文章提出促进广东省经济增长的相关建议。