我国政府会计引入权责发生制的改革研究

长期以来,我国政府会计主要以收付实现制为核算基础,这不仅难以满足新时期政府职能转变的需要,而且也不适应公共财政体制改革的大环境,更与我国已经推行的政府采购、国库集中收付等财政管理体制的改革不相适应.因此,引入权责发生制成为我国政府会计改革的核心内容.本文主要分析了我国政府会计引入权责发生制的必要性,并对政府会计引入权责发生制的总体思路进行了探讨.     

论事业单位会计引入权责发生制的改革策略及配套措施

事业单位会计是我国政府会计中比较容易引入权责发生制的典型会计.但是目前收付实现制是绝大多数事业单位的确认基础,引入权责发生制改革已经是新形势下的要求,本文分析了事业单位核算基础的现状、核算基础现存的弊端,近而提出引入权责发生制的改革策略和配套措施.     

政府会计引入权责制问题的探讨

一、政府会计引入权责发生制的必要性权责发生制在强化政府会计责任、增加政府财政的透明度、提高政府机构管理效率、减少财政支出以及提高财政信息的准确性方面，具有积极作用。政府会计引入权责发生制，不仅是技术上的改革，更是会计功能的变化。我国的政府会计改革，采用权责发生制很有必要。     

预算会计改革引入权责发生制的探讨

为适应预算会计环境的变化和市场经济对政府资金管理的需要,预算会计核算基础已由收付实现制向权责发生制转变。预算会计改革引入权责发生制是政府预算功能的根本性变化,也是一项技术改革。权责发生制有利于强化政府会计责任,提高政府财政透明度及财政信息的准确性,减少政府财政支出,更能提高政府机构管理效率。本文着重分析了预算会计改革引入权责发生制的必要性,同时提出了我国权责发生制预算会计的改革思路和方向。     

权责发生制政府会计改革的困难及应对措施探讨

在政府会计改革方面,我国政府发现权责发生制对政府会计改革的有利影响,从而引用了权责发生制.为了从根本上提升政府会计信息的精确性、有效性和及时性,政府会计部门愈加注重对权责发生制的运用.本文对权责发生制政府会计改革的困难及应对措施进行了分析,目的在于帮助政府会计部门更好地开展会计改革工作.     

论事业单位会计引入权责发生制的改革策略

我国的事业单位在会计核算上重要采用收付实现制的核算原则,近年来,越来越多的事业单位引入了权责发生制.本文通过分析事业单位会计引入权责发生制的原因和理论基础,分析事业单位会计引入权责发生制的积极影响,进而总结事业单位会计引入权责发生制的改革策略.     

对我国政府会计权责发生制改革的初步探讨

在二十世纪八十年代末，新西兰首开政府会计权责发生制改革之先河，对改进公共部门的效率效果、政府受托责任的履行取得了显著成效。尔后，世界各国纷纷开始了在政府会计与预算中引入权责发生制会计基础的理论研究与实践尝试。到目前为止，29个经合组织成员国中，至少有11个国家在其财务管理制度中一定程度地采用了权责发生制的方法。面对这一国际形势，我国的政府会计面临两个基础问题：要不要进行权责发生制的改革?如何进行这一改革。     

我国政府会计核算基础问题研究

传统的政府会计核算一般以收付实现制为基础,随着社会的不断进步和发展,权责发生制被逐步引入政府预算编制和会计核算领域,并取得了明显的效果。政府预算与会计权责发生制改革已成为各国政府管理制度改革的重点,并受到许多国际组织的高度重视。本文就中国政府会计改革如何运用责权发生制问题,作些分析,提些建议。     

权责发生制应用于我国政府会计的思考

随着公共财政体制的改革、政府职能的转换、政府绩效评价制度的改善以及政府监督的加强,当前的收付实现制已不能适应政府会计的要求。本文在分析收付实现制下政府会计存在的问题,权责发生制引进的必要性的基础上,提出在政府会计中循序渐进地引入权责发生制的几点建议。     

中国政府会计权责发生制改革论析

中国政府职能的转换、公共财政体制的改革和政府绩效评价制度的建设,对政府会计信息提出了更高的要求,政府会计权责发生制改革已势在必行。本文主要分析中国政府会计权责发生制改革的必要性、可行性、路径选择以及改革中的难点,并提出了推进政府会计权责发生制改革的对策建议。     

The influence of the nature of government accounting and reporting in decision-making: evidence from Switzerland

A key objective of government accounting and reporting has been to achieve accountability and its use in that respect has been well documented, however its use for decision-making has had less coverage. This article addresses the latter issue, providing evidence from Switzerland that the accounting basis used (accrual versus cash) influences decision-making. This is the result of the effect that the different approaches have on the nature of the information used for decision-making. Switzerland was among the first western democracies to adopt accrual accounting at both state (canton) and local levels of government in the 1980s. The Swiss federal government followed in 2007. The main examples of the use of accrual information in decision-making are: the focus on self-financing of investments in order to control borrowing, as well as the fiscal policy targets of debt reduction and maintenance of capital. All three require accrual basis information. Therefore accrual basis information is key in fiscal decision-making in Switzerland.     

New development: China promotes government financial accounting and management accounting

In late 2013, China's political leadership decided to require the government to practice accrual accounting and prepare whole-of-government financial reports. This decision was codified in the new budget law and followed up by a State Council directive endorsing the reform proposal of the Ministry of Finance. Some basic government accounting standards have been made public for comment. In the same timeframe, the ministry also decided to promote management accounting in order to raise the competency and contributions of China's millions of accounting personnel.     

Accounting System Reform in Japanese Local Governments

The New Public Management (NPM), of which the change from cash accounting to accrual accounting is considered an important tool, has been in fashion in many developed countries. Japanese governments, however, have preserved control of expenditures on a cash basis, though recently financial management reforms in local government have begun to adopt NPM ideas. Using a contingency framework which views the reform of accounting sub-systems (management accounting, financial accounting and auditing) as stimulated by a combination of internal and external pressures, this paper explores why Japanese local governments managed to survive without accrual accounting and the prospects for further reform in the future. It is suggested that system change itself can be accomplished by internal pressures, in the form of mandated policies, alone but that sustained external pressures by citizens are required in order to achieve the intended outcomes of accounting reform.     

Management accounting innovations for rationalizing the cost of services: The reassessment of cash and accrual accounting

ABSTRACT

Management accounting can be a useful tool in austerity government because it produces information about the costs of public services and can be used for informed decision-making. Spanish local governments are required to submit data on the cost of their services to central government, which publishes this information online. The calculation of costs is based on budgetary cash accounting instead of accrual accounting; therefore cash accounting is being used for decision-making and accrual accounting has no role in this process. This paper critically analyses the innovation from three perspectives: the use assigned to the cost information in the legal framework; the opinion of academics and experts; and the perception of professionals about the usefulness of the information produced with the new system.     

Application of Accrual Accounting in the Australian Public Sector – Rhetoric or Reality

This paper presents a contextual. historical analysis of recent accrual accounting developments in the Australian Public Sector (APS). It takes a critical stance in that it questions the accrual accounting developments on a number of grounds. The paper examines changes in public sector financial management and accountability in four distinct settings, being: accrual financial reporting, accrual management systems, whole of government reporting, and accrual based budgeting. The findings show that already in Australia accrual accounting has made significant encroachments into some areas of annual financial and budget reporting. This influx has meant that terms such as 'deficit', 'debt', 'liabilities', 'operating results', 'assets', etc. have begun to change in meaning, which it is argued has important implications for the current process of transformation of aspects of the APS.     

ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING REFORMS: ONLY FOR BUSINESSLIKE (PARTS OF) GOVERNMENTS

Based on governmental accounting experiences and on the rising criticism of accrual accounting, this paper proposes that accrual accounting in governments will only succeed in businesslike (parts of) governments in the coming years. This proposition leans on the inappropriate transfer of the accrual accounting framework from the profit sector, the underestimation of difficulties considering accrual budgeting and the lack of attention to the political dimension. This paper points out that the advocates of accrual accounting have neglected some important considerations.     

The Use and Abuse of Accounting in the Public Sector Financial Management Reform Program in Australia

Accrual accounting has been central to financial management reforms designed to promote greater efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the Australian public sector. This is the setting for the article; however, the issues covered apply to all nations that have reformed their public sectors over recent years. The results of the reforms have been mixed. While accrual accounting has had some beneficial results for the above purposes, the benefits have been offset by aspects of accounting misuse resulting largely from adoption of the business model of accrual accounting, termination of the former cash accounting system, and adoption of some questionable marketization reforms which appear to be more driven by the objective of reducing the size of government rather than enhancing efficiency of operations. Because Treasury believed that the business model was not appropriate for budget fiscal policy purposes, it introduced a second combined accrual and cash accounting system—the Government Finance Statistics system. The use of two accrual accounting systems reporting different results caused much confusion in parliament.     

Accrual Accounting and the Efficiency of the Core Public Sector

This paper evaluates the 'microeconomic' case for the extension of accrual accounting to the core government for the purposes of performance measurement, competitive tendering and asset management. Having found the microeconomic case to be weak, it suggests that it is the potential role of accrual accounting as an indicator of the fiscal stance of the public sector (particularly in respect to intergenerational equity) which provides a convincing rationale for its introduction in core government, and that this has significant methodological implications.     

Forces Leading to the Adoption of Accrual Accounting by the Canadian Federal Government: An Institutional Perspective*/ LES FORCES AYANT MENÉ L'ADMINISTRATION FÉDÉRALE CANADIENNE À ADOPTER LA COMPTABILITÉ D'EXERCICE: UNE PERSPECTIVE INSTITUTIONNELLE

In 1995, the federal government of Canada announced that it would adopt full accrual accounting. The change was fully implemented at the department level in 2001 and for government‐wide financial reporting in 2003. Using the perspective of institutional theory, we examine several factors that had the potential to influence the federal government's decision to adopt full accrual accounting, including two royal commissions, the Office of the Auditor General of Canada, the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, credit markets, and the practices of other national governments. We find that the decision to change to accrual accounting can be largely attributed to coercive and normative influences of the Office of the Auditor General of Canada (supported by the normative influence of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants' Public Sector Accounting Board) and mimetic isomorphism with other members of the federal government's organizational field.