FDI对江、浙、沪产业结构影响差异的实证分析

随着中国经济的不断发展,FDI已经成为推动中国产业发展的重要力量。近年来,中国已经成为全世界范围内吸收外资最多的国家之一。FDI对我国的产业结构优化做出重大的贡献,但对于不同的地方其影响会不同,为此文章以吸收FDI较多的长江三角洲为研究对象,主要是分析江苏省、上海市、浙江省的FDI对产业结构的影响,为FDI最大程度地促进产业结构的优化提供政策建议。     

FDI、人均收入与环境效应

本文利用时间序列数据对FDI的环境效应进行了整体分析,利用省际面板数据对FDI、人均收入和环境污染进行了区域分析。结果表明:FDI对环境产生了负的规模效应、负的结构效应和正的技术效应,但FDI对区域间的环境污染程度则有不同表现——东部地区污染程度加重,中部和西部则相反。而且随着人均收入的提高,我国整体上环境污染程度趋于好转。对此本文提出了要提高引资质量和引资标准,调整FDI投向,加强环境管制,转变政府引资思路的政策建议。     

服务业FDI、资本效应与经济增长——基于服务业FDI、制造业FDI和国内固定资产投资实证分析

在世界经济发展向服务业倾斜,中国服务业FDI明显上升的背景下,本文以服务业FDI为研究对象,探讨了服务业FDI对中国最基本的作用效应———资本效应对经济增长的影响。并且,以分产业省际数据为基础,运用Eviews6.0进行实证分析,比较了服务业FDI、制造业FDI和国内固定资产投资三者对中国经济增长的贡献。据此提出增强中国服务业实力,吸引并规制服务业FDI的建议。     

FDI、出口退税与加工贸易关系实证分析

文章通过计量分析,探索FDI、出口退税对我国加工贸易的影响。实证结果表明:FDI、加工贸易专项投资、出口退税对加工贸易出口、进口、进出口总额、增值率都有促进作用,但对加工贸易出口的影响最大;FDI主要影响加工贸易的质量,而加工贸易专项投资主要影响加工贸易的规模;加工贸易增值率受FDI的影响最大。文章最终提出了相应的对策和建议。     

内生环境规制、FDI 与中国城市环境质量

关于开放条件下 FDI 环境效应的研究,关系到中国绿色发展的可持续性。文章基于 Copeland-Taylor 模型,将环境规制内生化于模型之中,分解并考察了 FDI 对本地环境质量的异质性影响。理论分析表明：(1)FDI 对本地环境质量的影响可以分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和收入效应;(2)FDI 对环境质量改善的技术效应和收入效应为正,而规模效应和结构效应为负,且理论上存在 FDI 改善环境质量的门槛值。进一步地,文章选取二氧化硫浓度而非以往文献常用的污染物排放量表征城市环境质量,在地级市层面进行实证检验。实证结果表明：(1)现阶段 FDI 通过规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和收入效应总体上改善了中国的环境质量;(2)FDI 对环境的改善效果存在门槛值,即当 FDI 比重超过0.12时, FDI 的增加将导致环境质量的恶化。文章为当前我国如何有效地发挥 FDI 的改善环境作用以及制定更为灵活的引资政策和差异化的环境政策提供了启示。     

FDI、国内投资与经济增长的实证分析

FDI是中国对外经济关系的重要纽带,其在中国经济增长过程中发挥着重要作用,在对已有的关于FDI与国内投资关系理论综述和对FDI在华投资概述的基础上,利用格兰杰因果关系检验和协整分析技术,对FDI、国内投资与经济增长的长期动态均衡关系进行实证比较分析,研究结果表明,相比国内投资,FDI对中国经济增长的投资弹性较小,但FDI的投效率明显高于国内投资。     

FDI、空间溢出与区域经济发展差距

文章采用1999—2013年中国省际面板数据和空间杜宾模型,就FDI的空间溢出效应对区域经济发展差距的影响进行研究。结果表明:FDI溢出效应存在显著的空间相关性,会进一步拉大全国各地区之间的发展差距。东、中、西部三大区域之间存在异质性,东部各省份FDI对区域内发展差距的影响不明显,而中西部地区FDI会拉大区域内发展差距。三大区域内部各相邻省份之间的FDI空间溢出效果并不显著,在研究时需要区别对待。建议制定差异化的FDI区域引资政策,加强区域之间的交流与合作,最大程度地发挥FDI空间溢出效应。     

知识产权保护、FDI与国际收入转移

"加强知识产权保护能吸引更多外商直接投资(FDI),并能使后发国受益"这一命题能否构成支持加强后发国知识产权保护的论据?文章将知识产权保护对FDI、自主创新、国内模仿和国外模仿的影响纳入三方参与的两阶段动态博弈模型,讨论后发国通过加强知识产权保护来吸引FDI的政策效应。分析认为后发国通过加强知识产权保护能吸引更多FDI,但并不一定能从中获益。因为:FDI偏向进入能够对后发国产生最小收益的产业;加强知识产权保护产生了大量国际收入转移;通过加强知识产权保护,由FDI进入新行业而增加的利润将被已有FDI产业利润的减少所抵消。根据各行业特征选择相应的最优知识产权保护才能使总体福利最大化。     

我国外商直接投资企业技术外溢效应的实证研究——基于合资、合作、独资模式的比较分析

考虑到外资准入模式对FDI技术外溢效应的影响,利用分段检验的方法从总量层面检验了我国FDI在三个不同发展阶段上技术外溢效应的大小从FDI结构层面检验并比较了三种外资准入模式下(中外合作、中外合资、外商独资)FDI技术外溢效应的大小.结果显示:不同的外资准入模式下,FDI的技术溢出效率存在差异,其中中外合资最大,其次是外商独资,最后是中外合作.我国当前外商“独资化”趋势不利于FDI技术溢出效应的发挥,外资政策应因势利导、趋利避害.     

从FDI看东、中、西部地区经济增长路径差异

一、导言 外商直接投资(Foreign Direct Investment,FDI)是一种资本的跨国流动.它与一般跨国资本流动的区别之处在于,FDI的目的是为了获得所投资企业的控制权.因此,FDI具有波动性小、不易撤出、不需要偿还、带来资本的同时也带来无形资产等优点,受到发展中国家的普遍欢迎.     

近20年美国对外直接投资结构的变化及影响因素分析

本文着重分析了20来美国对外直接投资的行业结构和地区的特征和变化。研究表明，美国对外直接投资的空间结构相对稳定，即以欧洲等发达国家和地区为主；而行业结构变化明显，由以制造业为主转向以金融、保险和房地产业为主。对外直接投资的行业结构和地区结构是相互联系制约的，不同行业的比较优势与特定地区的区位优势相结合，才能产生投资效益。跨国公司对外投资区位的选择，是根据其投资战略并结合自身的竞争优势和东道国的区位优势，经过综合决策而确定的。     

Merger and acquisition FDI,relative wealth and relative access to bank credit: Evidence from a bivariate zero-inflated count model

We use a bivariate zero-inflated negative binomial model to examine Japanese merger and acquisition (M&A) FDI jointly with other types of Japanese FDI (or non-M&A FDI) into the United States. We find that for firms likely to engage in FDI, their rates of FDI are affected by the financial health of their main banks. However, only the rate of M&A FDI is affected by relative wealth. The rate of non-M&A FDI is affected by profitability and firm size. Our findings show the importance of distinguishing M&A FDI from non-M&A FDI and of considering the two types of FDI jointly.     

外商投资对中国就业影响的实证分析

外商投资存在直接就业效应和间接就业效应，可以用外商投资流量和存量分别加以度量，运用中国1984～2005年的数据进行计量分析的结论表明：1993年以前外商投资的直接就业效应非常显著，负的间接就业效应也很显著；1993年以后年外商投资的直接就业效应减小。负的间接就业效应也减弱。     

Beyond natural resources: horizontal and vertical FDI diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa

This article uses firm-level data to analyse the drivers of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the manufacturing and services sectors of 30 Sub-Saharan African countries. It shows that improving the investment climate helps to attract aggregate FDI. By analysing disaggregate FDI data, the article establishes that there is considerable contrast in behaviour between vertical FDI (foreign firms producing for export) and horizontal FDI (foreign firms producing for local markets). In particular, the latter firms are attracted to areas with higher trade regulations, highlighting their interest in protected markets. Furthermore, horizontal FDI is more affected by financing and human capital constraints and less affected by infrastructure and institutional constraints than vertical FDI is.     

FPI、FDI与中国经济增长——基于SVAR的经验研究

利用SVAR模型,研究了外国直接投资和外国证券投资对中国经济增长的影响。结果显示FPI、FDI与中国经济增长呈现正相关关系,FDI的作用显著,FPI的作用不显著。同时,FDI和FPI之间存在一定的交替关系,FDI拉低了FPI,而FPI则在短期内对FDI有促进作用。     

FDI Location and the Relevance of Spatial Linkages: Evidence from Provincial and Industry FDI in China

In this study both aggregate and industry‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) data are employed to investigate the spatial dependence of FDI hosts. The analysis contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the heterogeneous spatial correlation of FDI in different industries. Using more comprehensive FDI data across multiple industries and multiple provinces in China from 1999 to 2007, the results show a significant spatial correlation among provinces. Aggregate FDI tends to be regional trade platform oriented indicating neighboring provinces become competitors for FDI. In contrast, results based on industry‐level provincial FDI show stronger support for vertical or complex vertical FDI.     

FOREIGN TAKEOVERS AND NEW INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

This study is unique in several respects. First, it reviews the characteristics of the top 10 industries targeted for foreign direct investment (FDI) activity in the United States between 1979 and 1987. It analyzes both overall FDI activity and new plant and expansion FDI activity. The study summarizes and tests alternative hypotheses regarding the determinants of FDI in the United States by all countries, by the United Kingdom, by the European Community, by Japan, and by Canada.
Large and growing product markets in an expanding economy have attracted FDI in the United States. Exchange rate movements have prompted opportunistic decisions to invest in U.S. production facilities. Investors' superior management skills appear to have prompted takeovers, while efforts to realize technological advantages of new physical capital and of relatively large operating plants have fostered plant and expansion investments.
Evidence exists that a desire to circumvent current—but not potential—trade restrictions has motivated foreign direct investment. FDI activities are not associated with concentrated or heavily unionized industries. Highly protected industries have attracted heavier equity FDI by Japan and heavier new plant FDI by all sources and Canada. No evidence exists that FDI in the United States by Japan or anyone else is targeted to undercut union-dominated firms or to arrest the spread of protectionist trade policies.     

What drives bilateral foreign direct investment among Asian economies?

This study analyses the role of knowledge transfers via bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) among 31 Asian economies. We make three distinct contributions to the literature on the drivers of FDI by: (1) applying the knowledge-capital model to FDI among Asian economies for the first time, using a comprehensive data set, and comparing it to an empirical gravity-type model of FDI; (2) conducting model selection tests to choose between alternative empirical specifications and estimation methods; and (3) modelling both the FDI participation decision and the decision on the amount of FDI. The main findings are: (1) while vertical FDI, driven by seeking low-cost unskilled labour, appears to be the dominant type of intra-Asian FDI, overall the knowledge-capital model is not supported by the data; and (2) conventional gravity variables (e.g., size, distance, common language) provide a better explanation of intra-Asian FDI and, therefore, a more suitable vehicle for future research.     

Location factors of FDI and the growing services economy1

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increasingly shifted toward the service sector. This change in the industrial composition of FDI and the non‐tradable nature of services may have altered the importance of location factors for investment decisions. To capture potential changes in FDI determinants, a contrasting sectoral analysis is performed. Based on FDI stock data from eight new EU member states for the period 1998–2004, we implement a dynamic panel approach allowing the speed of adjustment to the equilibrium investment level to vary across sectors. Results support our assumption that investment into the service sector, which is characterized by low installation costs, adjusts much faster to its desired level than manufacturing FDI. Thus, government interventions to attract FDI are likely to boost the service sector immediately while having a slower impact on manufacturing FDI. Furthermore, as services are mostly non‐tradable, FDI into this sector is largely based on market‐seeking motives while FDI in the manufacturing sector is also driven by international price competitiveness measured by real unit labour costs.     

FOREIGN TAKEOVERS AND NEW INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

This study is unique in several respects. First, it reviews the characteristics of the top 10 industries targeted for foreign direct investment (FDI) activity in the United States between 1979 and 1987. It analyzes both overall FDI activity and new plant and expansion FDI activity. The study summarizes and tests alternative hypotheses regarding the determinants of FDI in the United States by all countries, by the United Kingdom, by the European Community, by Japan, and by Canada.
Large and growing product markets in an expanding economy have attracted FDI in the United States. Exchange rate movements have prompted opportunistic decisions to invest in U.S. production facilities. Investors' superior management skills appear to have prompted takeovers, while efforts to realize technological advantages of new physical capital and of relatively large operating plants have fostered plant and expansion investments.
Evidence exists that a desire to circumvent current—but not potential—trade restrictions has motivated foreign direct investment. FDI activities are not associated with concentrated or heavily unionized industries. Highly protected industries have attracted heavier equity FDI by Japan and heavier new plant FDI by all sources and Canada. No evidence exists that FDI in the United States by Japan or anyone else is targeted to undercut union-dominated firms or to arrest the spread of protectionist trade policies.