How brands appear in children's movies. A systematic content analysis of the past 25 Years

Based on a theoretical framework of product placement characteristics, we present the most comprehensive content analysis of children's movies to date. We analyzed the integration of brands in 250 movies from 1991 to 2015. We found that 64.4% of all movies contained at least one brand placement. Comedies and movies produced in the US contained a higher number of brand placements compared to other genres and non-US movies. Animated movies and movies presenting a nature-, or fantasy-scenery contained a comparatively low number of placements. Brands were inserted mostly visually, and placed in the centre of the screen without explicit evaluation. Placements frequently presented a physical or verbal interaction with a main character. This practice was found to increase over time even though the sole number of brand placements remained stable over the past 25 years. Implications for parents, consumer–advocacy-groups, and advertising researchers are discussed.     

Non-normal simultaneous regression models for customer linkage analysis

Simultaneous systems of equations with non-normal errors are developed to study the relationship between customer and employee satisfaction. Customers interact with many employees, and employees serve many customers, such that a one-to-one mapping between customers and employees is not possible. Analysis proceeds by relating, or linking, distribution percentiles among variables. Such analysis is commonly encountered in marketing when data are from independently collected samples. We demonstrate our model in the context of retail banking, where drivers of customer and employee satisfaction are shown to be percentile-dependent.      

Advertising to the beat: An analysis of brand placements in hip-hop music videos

Hip-hop is a multi-billion-dollar industry influencing everything from fashion to advertising. The current study documents the overwhelming presence of brands in hip-hop music videos. Through the use of content analysis, we capture not only the branded products and their associated categories, but also the execution and connotation of those placements. Findings indicate that over 93% of all hip-hop videos contained some reference to branded products varying in prominence, prestige and consumption. Further, brand managers have many opportunities available with respect to brand placement in hip-hop – several of those opportunities are highlighted herein.     

FDI、政府公共支出、私人投资与经济增长——基于东部、中部和西部省际面板数据差异化分析

基于1991-2005年中国东部、中部和西部地区的省际面板数据,在内生经济增长理论框架下,比较分析了外国直接投资(FDI)、政府公共支出、私人投资对经济增长的影响。实证结果表明:由于不同类型资本对经济增长贡献率的差异导致中国东部、中部和西部地区的经济增长呈现收敛与扩散并存的格局。在任意特定地区里,不同类型资本贡献率也不同,各个地区应当因地制宜,积极引入适合本地区发展的资本积累途径,以促进经济快速和可持续发展。     

中国报纸广告西方化程度研究

The purpose of this study is, by means of studying the changes in Chinese advertisements’ contents and forms over a decade, to evaluate the advertising westernization in China and to provide suggestions for Chinese companies in selecting proper advertising strategies. If relatively typical Western cultural characteristics are presented in Chinese advertisements, it indicates that the cultural distance between East and West is reduced, and standardization strategies may be a better choice for foreign enterprises. Otherwise, they should adopt specialization or combined strategies.      

Exploring the use of content analysis methodology in consumer research

Content analysis is a viable way to thematise consumer experiences. The purpose of this review study is to examine the use of content analysis in consumer research (1977–2017). The authors explore how content analysis has been used. The reviewed studies address consumer experiences. The results show that qualitative content analysis is not used as a method in its own right; it is more often applied as a supplement to quantitative testing. There is also a lack of rigorous reporting of methodologies in many studies. The systematic review provides four propositions, content analysis studies: 1) vary in execution and reporting; 2) have a tendency towards methodological vagueness; 3) do not apply content analysis as a sole method; 4) are versatile. The study can also serve as point of departure for novice researchers wishing to engage with content analysis research. We suggest that further research is needed to explore the use of qualitative methodologies in consumer research.     

Systems theoretic process analysis of information security: the case of aadhaar

ABSTRACT

A new way of thinking about cybersecurity is much needed to deal with the complex and dynamic cyber-ecosystem. In this paper, we introduce a systems thinking based approach for solving problems related to cybersecurity. We adapt the powerful safety-hazard analysis method, Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) based on systems theory to analyze the cybersecurity related features of India’s massive digital identity program, Aadhaar. Our findings produce important insights. On one hand, it helps identify the security gaps of the Aadhaar system, and on the other hand, it provides controls using systems thinking to overcome these gaps. We contribute to understanding the world of cybersecurity practices and develop risk mitigation strategies that can benefit the Aadhaar.     

The information content of wheat derivatives regarding the Ukrainian war

We extract implied price densities from wheat options and futures prices during the first 17 months of the Ukrainian war. Changing differences between short- and long-term densities indicate that market expectations about the dynamics of the underlying changed over time. Before the signing of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, wheat derivatives prices showed predictive power for the further development of the conflict, and implied volatilities from wheat options were highly correlated with geopolitical risk (GPR). Afterwards, wheat prices lost their predictive power for the conflict, but instead reflected the market's opinion regarding the viability of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. By that time, correlations between wheat price risk and GPR dropped sharply.     

A novel data-driven weighted sentiment analysis based on information entropy for perceived satisfaction

Businesses have been devoted to improving customer satisfaction to avoid the user loss and sales volume drop, whereas the accuracy of relevant satisfaction research still remains a question. We aim to solve this question by addressing the four common issues: 1. Use consumers' perceived helpful information for satisfaction analysis (i.e. perceived satisfaction) to reduce the information overload and meanwhile effectively avoid the misleading arising from invalid information. 2. Present a distinctive prediction model to calculate perceived helpfulness to avoid the three biases caused by helpfulness voting method that is widely adopted in research of perceived satisfaction; 3. Take advantage of the uncertainty of information entropy to effectively avoid the problem that the satisfaction of new product features cannot be accurately mined and analyzed on account of frequency and quantity. 4. Calculate the perceived satisfaction results on weighted basis and conduct competition analysis in comparison with the results of congeneric products to further refine the satisfaction result. The findings of this study can help businesses to enhance the understanding of consumers’ satisfactions and preferences, and identify their dynamic market position with competitors of strategic planning for long-term development.     

基于关联性的目标动向热点分析

为了从海量传感器数据中及时发现重要目标的动向,提出了一种目标动向信息表征及关联方法,即从多源异类传感器获取的信息中抽取出目标关联要素进行动向表征,利用语义决策树实现动向要素聚类,通过知识规则进行关联匹配扩展,从而发现目标动向的热点,并进一步统计分析目标活动规律与发展趋势。实验表明所提出的基于关联性的目标动向热点分析算法准确率高,具有实用价值。     

Making use of quantitative content analysis: Insights from academia and business practice

This article features a moderated conversation between the author and five leading researchers and practitioners in the field of quantitative content analysis and, more specifically, computer-aided textual analysis (CATA). The interview subjects discuss the factors contributing to CATA’s rise as a research method as well as the benefits and pitfalls of using CATA. The conversation also covers best-practice advice that companies may employ to increase the accuracy of CATA results. These include using different programs or algorithms for the same problem, known as algorithm error.     

Information systems security job advertisement analysis: Skills review and implications for information systems curriculum

The authors' focus was the assessment of skill requirements for information systems security positions to understand expectations for security jobs and to highlight issues relevant to curriculum management. The analysis of 798 job advertisements involved the exploration of domain-related and soft skills as well as degree and certification requirements. Domain-related skills comprised the largest part of the results (16 of the top 20 skills) with the top three related to networks, standards, and policies. The most often found soft skill related to teams or teamwork. Implications for information systems curriculum are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.     

An investigation of skill requirements for business and data analytics positions: A content analysis of job advertisements

Presently, analytics degree programs exhibit a growing trend to meet a strong market demand. To explore the skill sets required for analytics positions, the authors examined a sample of online job postings related to professions such as business analyst (BA), business intelligence analyst (BIA), data analyst (DA), and data scientist (DS) using content analysis. They present a ranked list of relevant skills belonging to specific skills categories for the studied positions. Also, they conducted a pairwise comparison between DA and DS as well as BA and BIA. Overall, the authors observed that decision making, organization, communication, and structured data management are key to all job categories. The analysis shows that technical skills like statistics and programming skills are in most demand for DAs. The analysis is useful for creating clear definitions with respect to required skills for job categories in the business and data analytics domain and for designing course curricula for this domain.     

A longitudinal analysis of the changing roles of gender in advertising: a content analysis of Super Bowl commercials

Although the prevalence of gender stereotypes in advertising is well established, relatively little research has examined gender stereotypes in the context of Super Bowl that is arguably the most important event in US television advertising. This study systematically examines gender representations across various product categories in Super Bowl commercials over a 20-year period (1990–2009). Our findings detect and discuss shifts in the cultural notions of gender constructed in advertising messages targeting the largest and the most demographically diverse audience in US television. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.     

A longitudinal content analysis of gender role portrayal in Belgian television advertising

This study explores gender role portrayal in advertisements broadcasted on Belgian commercial television. We gathered a sample of 493 commercials (featuring 907 characters) randomly selected out of two periods (January 2002–April 2003, n = 250 and January 2009–April 2010, n = 243) from a database containing all advertisements broadcasted on Belgian commercial television. A content analysis was carried out using a coding scheme based on existing literature. Content categories included gender of the characters, gender roles (i.e. parental, housekeeping and professional expert) and sexual objectification. Hypotheses predicted that men and women would be represented differently in television advertising, and that these differences would reflect traditional gender stereotypes. Moreover, due to regulatory changes, we hypothesize that these differences should decrease over time. Results are largely in accordance with the existing literature. Women tend to be depicted as younger and are portrayed more often within dependent roles as caregiving parent, housewife or as sexual objects than men. A longitudinal analysis of role portrayal changes across two periods within and between genders indicates little change in gender role portrayals in Belgian television advertising between 2002–2003 and 2009–2010. Despite social and regulatory changes, gender stereotypes in advertising seem to persist over time.     

Comparative content analysis of professional,semi-professional,and user-generated restaurant reviews

This study examines the content of professional, semi-professional, and user-generated reviews. By comparing these three review types, this study was able to identify characteristics and factors unique to each type of review. Although, the amount of discourse in a particular factor varied, food is clearly the most important review factor regardless of review type. Semi-professional reviews emphasize atmosphere and décor more than both newspaper and user-generated reviews, while price factors were more prevalent in semi-professional reviews and user-generated reviews than in newspaper reviews. Understanding the varied structures of review types provides guidance for both restaurateurs and review users.     

Taking advantage of the gluten-free opportunity: Assortment as the key driver for modern grocery retailers

Over recent years, gluten-free products have shown a significant increase in consumption internationally. Retailers from the modern grocery distribution have the opportunity to take advantage of this positive trend, thus benefitting remarkably in terms of sales and store patronage. The present work is based on the analysis of Italian IRI sell-out data from 2015 to 2019 and aims to verify the role of assortment as an effective retail marketing lever in stimulating gluten-free products sales share compared to that of gluten-containing counterparts. Applying different panel data techniques, we obtained that increasing their assortment share can significantly stimulate gluten-free products sales in general and, within this segment, private label sales in particular.     

基于购物网站的竞争情报分析

介绍了购物网站的概念、分类标准与发展现状,竞争情报的基本概念与网络环境下的特点。围绕购物网站竞争情报分析活动中对竞争环境、竞争对手与竞争策略的分析进行具体的展开。从电子商务角度讨论企业外部环境和自身内部环境,分析竞争对手的步骤与方法,提出适用于购物网站的竞争策略,目的是为企业掌握竞争环境和提高核心竞争力起一定的指导作用。     

Private information,institutional distance,and the failure of cross-border acquisitions: Evidence from the banking sector in Central and Eastern Europe

In this paper, we develop an information theory-based framework about cross-border acquisitions in the financial intermediation industry. We argue that even though “soft” information embedded in customer relationships of local banks can, in principle, help multinational banks (MNBs) overcome informational disadvantage in host countries, the cost of verification of this private information may, paradoxically, make local banks with significant customer relationships unattractive for cross-border acquisition. Further, we propose that the relationship between the amount of customer information embedded in an incumbent bank and the likelihood of its acquisition by a MNB is modified by the institutional distance between the home and host countries of the MNB. Specifically, the strength of the negative relationship increases with institutional distance between home and host countries because the verification cost of private information increases with institutional distance. Our hypotheses find support in the context of Central and Eastern Europe.